Yeni Emperyalizm ve Salgın Hastalıklar

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 46 Sayı: 1, 4 - 35, 14.03.2022

Evrim Yılmaz

Öz

Bu çalışmada, son yıllarda gelişen SARS, Ebola, Domuz Gribi (H1N1), Kuş Gribi (H5N1) ve son olarak Covid-19 gibi hayvanlardan insanlara geçebilen salgın hastalıkların ortaya çıkma ve yayılma süreci, endüstriyel monokültür tarım ve hayvancılık yapan şirketlerin eylemleri ve küresel gıda rejiminin bir parçası olarak meta zincirleriyle yaratılan “metabolik yarılma” temelinde analiz edilmektedir. Birikim rejimindeki değişime tarihsel-materyalist bir perspektifle yaklaşıldığında, Covid-19 gibi tehlikeli patojenlerin rastlantısal veya episodik olarak değil, yeni emperyalizmin meta zincirlerine dayalı olarak yarattığı bir dizi ilişkisel faktörün sonucu olarak ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada ayrıntılı olarak ele alınan bu faktörler şu şekilde sıralanabilir: 1) Düşük maliyetli tarımsal üretim için çokuluslu şirketler tarafından Global Güneyde yapılan küresel toprak ve emek arbitrajı, 2) monokültüre dayalı küresel tarım ticaretinin büyümesiyle vahşi habitatların yıkımı, vahşi canlı türlerinin hayatta kalma aktivitelerinin bozulması ve patojenlerin vahşi hayvanlardan evcil hayvanlara bulaşması, 3) kent çevresindeki meta zincirleriyle en derinlerdeki hinterlantlardan canlı hayvanlar ve emekçiler vasıtasıyla patojenlerin nakledilmesi, 4) endüstriyel hayvancılıktaki entansif ve tam zamanında üretim pratiklerinin doğal seçilimi ortadan kaldırması ve şirketlerin ticaret ağlarıyla evrimleşen patojenleri dünyaya yayması. Sermaye birikimi ve kar güdüsüyle şekillenen bu faktörler, tüm medeniyeti tehdit eden gezegensel boyutta bir ekolojik ve epidemiyolojik krizin hızla gelişmesine neden olmaktadır. Bir alternatif olarak insanları doğanın yenilenme çevrimlerine yeniden dahil edecek müştereklere dayalı polikültür üretim ise monokültür tarım, ormansızlaşma ve endüstriyel hayvancılık kökenli yeni virüs salgınlarının ortaya çıkmasını önleyecek sürdürülebilir bir sistem olarak büyük potansiyel barındırmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yeni emperyalizm, meta zincirleri, endüstriyel tarım ve hayvancılık, metabolik yarılma, salgın hastalıklar

Kaynakça

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