Araştırma Makalesi
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İstanbul Sözleşmesi’nden çekilme kararı ışığında Türkiye’de patriyarkal devlet

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 1, 42 - 70, 08.07.2023

Öz

Patriyarkal devlet karakterinin belirleyenlerini ele alan bu çalışma, cinsiyetsiz devlet kuramlarının eleştirel bir tahlilini sunarken, cinsiyet rejimini konu alan feminist çalışmalara da katkı sunmaktadır. Türkiye örneğinden yola çıkarak hem nitel hem de nicel araştırma yöntemlerini kullanan bu araştırma, patriyarkal devlet karakterindeki değişimi kuramsallaştırarak, devletin çoklu ajandalarının, demokratikleşme sürecindeki sorunların ve natrans heteroseksüel aile yapısının devlet yapısını nasıl şekillendirdiğini incelemektedir. Türkiye’nin 2021 yılında İstanbul Sözleşmesi’nden çekilme sürecine odaklanarak, şu bulgulara varılmıştır. Demokratikleşme sürecinin tıkandığı koşullarda, kadınlar kamusal karar mekanizmalarından dışlanmışken, patriyarkal politik aktörler hem ırkçı devlet ajandasını kullanarak hem de küçük ama etkili bir grup seçkin erkeğin desteği ile devletin erkek egemen karakterini şekillendirmektedir. Buna karşılık, cinsiyet ve toplumsal cinsiyet kavramlarına yönelik biyolojik özcü anlayışlar, kadınların mücadelesini bölmüş, gücünü zayıflatmış, böylelikle devlet üzerinde kurulan etkinin zayıflamasına yol açmıştır.

Teşekkür

Yayım sürecinde yazılacaktır

Kaynakça

  • Akdoğan, A. A., M. Yıldız, ve C. U. Çiner (2017). An Analysis of Policy Transfer the Policy on Protecting Women Against Domestic Violence in Turkey. İçinde: R J Lewis (der), Public Policy Making in a Globalized World, London, New York: Routledge, 402-417.
  • Akuduman, D (2020). İstanbul Sözleşmesi: Disiplinler Arası bir Soruşturma. Tire kitap.
  • Aksoy, H. A (2018). Gendered Strategies between Democratization and Democratic Reversal: The Curious Case of Turkey. Politics and Governance, 6 (3), 101-111
  • Alavi, H (1972). The State in Post-Colonial Societies: Pakistan and Bangladesh. New Left Review 74, 59- 81.
  • Amin, S (1976). Unequal Development: an Essay on the Social Formation of Peripheral Capitalism. New York: Monthly Review.
  • De Beauvoir, S (1969). The Second Sex: New England: Library press.
  • Bianet (2020). Women from AKP file a complaint against columnist over İstanbul Convention remarks. Bia News Agency. 11 Ağustos. Son erişim tarihi: 24.08.2021. https://m.bianet.org/english/print/228820-women-from-akp-file-a-complaintagainst- columnist-over-istanbul-convention-remarks.
  • Bodur Ün, M (2019). Contesting Global Gender Equality Norms: The case of Turkey. Review of International Studies, 45(5), 828-847.
  • Bodur Ün, M, ve H Arıkan (2021). Europeanization and De-Europeanization of Turkey’s Gender Equality Policy: The Case of the Istanbul Convention. Journal of Common Market Studies, 60 (4), 945-962.
  • Boratav, K (2011). Türkiye İktisat Tarihi (1908- 2009). Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Cerami, C (2021). Turkey, Europe and Women’s Rights: The Controversial Debate on the Istanbul Convention. NAD – Nuovi autoritarismi e Democrazie: Diritto, Istituzioni e Società, 3 (1), 1- 42
  • Coşar, S (2021). Turkish Nationalism and Patriarchy. İçinde: J Jongerden (der), The Routledge Handbook on Contemporary Turkey, London, New York: Routledge, 213-233
  • Çağatay, S, M Liinason, ve O Sasunkevich (2022). Feminist and LGBTI+ Activism across Russia, Scandinavia and Turkey: Transnationalizing Spaces of Resistance, Springer Nature.
  • DKV (2020). İstanbul Sözleşmesi Bir Aldatmacadır. Davet ve Kardeşlik Vakfı. 5 Ağustos. Son erişim tarihi: 24.08.2021 https://dkv.org.tr/blog/istanbul-sozlesmesi-biraldatmacadir/
  • DuvaR.English (2020). Istanbul Convention back on Erdoğan’s agenda with emphasis on ‘family unity. Gazete DuvaR. 30 Aralık. Son erişim tarihi: 23.08.2021. https:// www.duvarenglish.com/istanbul-convention-back-on-turkish-president-recep-tayyiperdogans- agenda-with-emphasis-on-family-unity-news-55319
  • Düzgün, E (2022). Debating ‘uneven and combined development’: Beyond Ottoman Patrimonialism. Journal of International Relations and Development, 25, 297–323.
  • Elmas, T, R Overdorf, ve K Aberer (2021). Tactical Reframing of Online Disinformation Campaigns Against The Istanbul Convention. ICWSM 2021 Workshop on Data for the Wellbeing of Most Vulnerable: Promises and Challenges.
  • Erdoğan Bayraktar, S (2021). Sümeyye Erdoğan’dan İstanbul Sözleşmesi açıklaması. ABC gazetesi. 5 Nisan. Son erişim tarihi: 25.08.2021 https://abcgazetesi.com/sumeyyeerdogandan- istanbul-sozlesmesi-aciklamasi-387441
  • Eslen-Ziya, H (2020). Right-wing Populism in New Turkey: Leading to All New Grounds for Troll Science in Gender Theory. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 76 (3), 1-9.
  • Guillaumin, C (1995). Racism, Sexism, Power and Ideology. London, New York: Routledge.
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  • Gümrükçüoğlu, S (2021). Söyleşi. G Sonakalan (der). KADEM Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 7-12.
  • Gülel, D (2021). Feminist Movement and Law-making in Turkey: a Critical Appraisal from 1998 to 2018. Women’s History Review, 30 (1), 2-27.
  • Hearn, J, S Strid, A L Humbert, D Balkmar, ve M Delaunay (2022). From Gender Regimes to Violence Regimes: Re-thinking the Position of Violence. Social Politics, 29 (2), 682- 705.
  • Heper, M (1985). The State Tradition in Turkey. Walkington: Eothen Yayınevi.
  • HUIPS (2008). Population and Health Survey. Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies. Ankara: Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies.
  • HUIPS (2013). Population and Health Survey. Ankara: Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies.
  • ILGA World (2020). State-Sponsored Homophobia: Global Legislation Overview Update, Geneva: ILGA.
  • ILOSTAT (2020). Employment by sex and age — ILO modelled estimates. The International Labour Organisation. Son erişim tarihi: 02.11.2022 https:// i l o stat . i l o . o rg / ? _ af r L o o p = 1 7 9 3 9 1 1 9 9 6 8 5 5 7 1 & _ af r W i n d o w M o d e = 0 & _ a f r W i n d o w I d = n u l l # ! % 4 0 % 4 0 % 3 F _ a f r W i n d o w I d % 3 D n u l l % 2 6 _ afrLoop%3D179391199685571%26_afrWindowMode%3D0%26_adf.ctrlstate% 3Dhwim9684w_3574
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  • KADEM (2020). İstanbul Sözleşmesi Hakkında. 20 Ocak. Son erişim tarihi: 26.08.2021 https://kadem.org.tr/istanbul-sozlesmesi-hakkinda/
  • Kandiyoti, D (2016). Locating the Politics of Gender: Patriarchy, Neoliberal Governance and Violence in Turkey. Research and Policy on Turkey, 1 (2), 103-118.
  • Karakuş, B (2018). Türkiye’de Yaşlılara Yönelik Hizmetler, Kurumsal Yaşlı Bakımı ve Kurumsal Yaşlı Bakımında İllerin Durumu. Ankara: Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı.
  • Kaos GL (2021). İstanbul Sözleşmesi’nen, eşit ve özgür yaşama hakkımızdan vazgeçmiyoruz. Kaos GL. 1 Temmuz. Son erişim tarihi: 01.09.2021 https://kaosgl. org/haber/istanbul-sozlesmesi-nin-feshi-kadinlarin-ve-lgbti-larin-yasam-haklari-yoksaymak- demek
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  • Kocabıçak, E (2022a). Gendered Property and Labour Relations in Agriculture: Implications for Social Change in Turkey. Oxford Development Studies, 50 (2), 91-113.
  • Kocabıçak, E (2022b). The Political Economy of Patriarchy in the Global South, Routledge Series of Gender and Economy. London, NY: Routledge.
  • Konda (2020). Only 7 Percent Say Turkey Should Withdraw from İstanbul Convention. Konda Research. BIA News Desk. 2 Eylül. Son erişim tarihi: https://m.bianet.org/english/women/230104-only-7-percent-say-turkey-should-withdrawfrom-istanbul-convention
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The patriarchal state in Turkey in light of the country’s withdrawal from the Istanbul Convention

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 1, 42 - 70, 08.07.2023

Öz

By investigating the determinants of the patriarchal state, this paper critically engages with ungendered accounts of the state and contributes to gender regime scholarship. Drawing on the case of Turkey and using the mixed methods of qualitative and quantitative analyses, the paper (1) theorises varieties of the patriarchal state, and (2) investigates the significance of the multiple state agendas, (3) de-democratisation process, and (4) cis-gender heterosexual family in shaping the patriarchal character of the global Southern states. Focusing on the withdrawal of Turkey in 2021 from the İstanbul Convention, I find that the patriarchal political actors maintain the patriarchal state character by adopting the racist state agenda. Under the conditions in which the de-democratisation process has excluded women from public decision making, a particular group of elite men have provided significant support to the men’s rights-based mobilisations thereby increasing their influence over the state. Meanwhile, the biological essentialist accounts of sex and gender have divided women’s struggle, and as such, weakened women’s capacity to challenge the patriarchal state character.

Kaynakça

  • Akdoğan, A. A., M. Yıldız, ve C. U. Çiner (2017). An Analysis of Policy Transfer the Policy on Protecting Women Against Domestic Violence in Turkey. İçinde: R J Lewis (der), Public Policy Making in a Globalized World, London, New York: Routledge, 402-417.
  • Akuduman, D (2020). İstanbul Sözleşmesi: Disiplinler Arası bir Soruşturma. Tire kitap.
  • Aksoy, H. A (2018). Gendered Strategies between Democratization and Democratic Reversal: The Curious Case of Turkey. Politics and Governance, 6 (3), 101-111
  • Alavi, H (1972). The State in Post-Colonial Societies: Pakistan and Bangladesh. New Left Review 74, 59- 81.
  • Amin, S (1976). Unequal Development: an Essay on the Social Formation of Peripheral Capitalism. New York: Monthly Review.
  • De Beauvoir, S (1969). The Second Sex: New England: Library press.
  • Bianet (2020). Women from AKP file a complaint against columnist over İstanbul Convention remarks. Bia News Agency. 11 Ağustos. Son erişim tarihi: 24.08.2021. https://m.bianet.org/english/print/228820-women-from-akp-file-a-complaintagainst- columnist-over-istanbul-convention-remarks.
  • Bodur Ün, M (2019). Contesting Global Gender Equality Norms: The case of Turkey. Review of International Studies, 45(5), 828-847.
  • Bodur Ün, M, ve H Arıkan (2021). Europeanization and De-Europeanization of Turkey’s Gender Equality Policy: The Case of the Istanbul Convention. Journal of Common Market Studies, 60 (4), 945-962.
  • Boratav, K (2011). Türkiye İktisat Tarihi (1908- 2009). Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Cerami, C (2021). Turkey, Europe and Women’s Rights: The Controversial Debate on the Istanbul Convention. NAD – Nuovi autoritarismi e Democrazie: Diritto, Istituzioni e Società, 3 (1), 1- 42
  • Coşar, S (2021). Turkish Nationalism and Patriarchy. İçinde: J Jongerden (der), The Routledge Handbook on Contemporary Turkey, London, New York: Routledge, 213-233
  • Çağatay, S, M Liinason, ve O Sasunkevich (2022). Feminist and LGBTI+ Activism across Russia, Scandinavia and Turkey: Transnationalizing Spaces of Resistance, Springer Nature.
  • DKV (2020). İstanbul Sözleşmesi Bir Aldatmacadır. Davet ve Kardeşlik Vakfı. 5 Ağustos. Son erişim tarihi: 24.08.2021 https://dkv.org.tr/blog/istanbul-sozlesmesi-biraldatmacadir/
  • DuvaR.English (2020). Istanbul Convention back on Erdoğan’s agenda with emphasis on ‘family unity. Gazete DuvaR. 30 Aralık. Son erişim tarihi: 23.08.2021. https:// www.duvarenglish.com/istanbul-convention-back-on-turkish-president-recep-tayyiperdogans- agenda-with-emphasis-on-family-unity-news-55319
  • Düzgün, E (2022). Debating ‘uneven and combined development’: Beyond Ottoman Patrimonialism. Journal of International Relations and Development, 25, 297–323.
  • Elmas, T, R Overdorf, ve K Aberer (2021). Tactical Reframing of Online Disinformation Campaigns Against The Istanbul Convention. ICWSM 2021 Workshop on Data for the Wellbeing of Most Vulnerable: Promises and Challenges.
  • Erdoğan Bayraktar, S (2021). Sümeyye Erdoğan’dan İstanbul Sözleşmesi açıklaması. ABC gazetesi. 5 Nisan. Son erişim tarihi: 25.08.2021 https://abcgazetesi.com/sumeyyeerdogandan- istanbul-sozlesmesi-aciklamasi-387441
  • Eslen-Ziya, H (2020). Right-wing Populism in New Turkey: Leading to All New Grounds for Troll Science in Gender Theory. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 76 (3), 1-9.
  • Guillaumin, C (1995). Racism, Sexism, Power and Ideology. London, New York: Routledge.
  • Güneş, A (2021). Legal Implications of Turkey’s Accessions to the Istanbul Convention by Enacting and Refining Its Laws on Violence Against Women. Women & Criminal Justice, 31 (3), 210-224.
  • Gümrükçüoğlu, S (2021). Söyleşi. G Sonakalan (der). KADEM Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 7-12.
  • Gülel, D (2021). Feminist Movement and Law-making in Turkey: a Critical Appraisal from 1998 to 2018. Women’s History Review, 30 (1), 2-27.
  • Hearn, J, S Strid, A L Humbert, D Balkmar, ve M Delaunay (2022). From Gender Regimes to Violence Regimes: Re-thinking the Position of Violence. Social Politics, 29 (2), 682- 705.
  • Heper, M (1985). The State Tradition in Turkey. Walkington: Eothen Yayınevi.
  • HUIPS (2008). Population and Health Survey. Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies. Ankara: Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies.
  • HUIPS (2013). Population and Health Survey. Ankara: Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies.
  • ILGA World (2020). State-Sponsored Homophobia: Global Legislation Overview Update, Geneva: ILGA.
  • ILOSTAT (2020). Employment by sex and age — ILO modelled estimates. The International Labour Organisation. Son erişim tarihi: 02.11.2022 https:// i l o stat . i l o . o rg / ? _ af r L o o p = 1 7 9 3 9 1 1 9 9 6 8 5 5 7 1 & _ af r W i n d o w M o d e = 0 & _ a f r W i n d o w I d = n u l l # ! % 4 0 % 4 0 % 3 F _ a f r W i n d o w I d % 3 D n u l l % 2 6 _ afrLoop%3D179391199685571%26_afrWindowMode%3D0%26_adf.ctrlstate% 3Dhwim9684w_3574
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  • Jessop, B (2002). The Future of The Capitalist State. Oxford: Polity.
  • Kabasakal-Arat, Z (2020). Women’s Struggle in Turkey and a New Transnational Declaration. 31 Aralık. Son erişim tarihi: 02.02.2021 https://www.wilsoncenter.org/ blog-post/womens-struggle-turkey-and-new-transnational-declaration
  • KADEM (2020). İstanbul Sözleşmesi Hakkında. 20 Ocak. Son erişim tarihi: 26.08.2021 https://kadem.org.tr/istanbul-sozlesmesi-hakkinda/
  • Kandiyoti, D (2016). Locating the Politics of Gender: Patriarchy, Neoliberal Governance and Violence in Turkey. Research and Policy on Turkey, 1 (2), 103-118.
  • Karakuş, B (2018). Türkiye’de Yaşlılara Yönelik Hizmetler, Kurumsal Yaşlı Bakımı ve Kurumsal Yaşlı Bakımında İllerin Durumu. Ankara: Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı.
  • Kaos GL (2021). İstanbul Sözleşmesi’nen, eşit ve özgür yaşama hakkımızdan vazgeçmiyoruz. Kaos GL. 1 Temmuz. Son erişim tarihi: 01.09.2021 https://kaosgl. org/haber/istanbul-sozlesmesi-nin-feshi-kadinlarin-ve-lgbti-larin-yasam-haklari-yoksaymak- demek
  • Keyder, Ç (1987). State and Class in Turkey: a Study in Capitalist Development. London: Verso.
  • Kocabıçak, E (2018). What Excludes Women From Landownership in Turkey? Implications for Feminist Strategies. Women’s Studies International Forum, 69 (July– August), 115–125.
  • Kocabıçak, E (2020). Why Property Matters? New Varieties of Domestic Patriarchy in Turkey. Social Politics, 28 (4), 812–830.
  • Kocabıçak, E (2022a). Gendered Property and Labour Relations in Agriculture: Implications for Social Change in Turkey. Oxford Development Studies, 50 (2), 91-113.
  • Kocabıçak, E (2022b). The Political Economy of Patriarchy in the Global South, Routledge Series of Gender and Economy. London, NY: Routledge.
  • Konda (2020). Only 7 Percent Say Turkey Should Withdraw from İstanbul Convention. Konda Research. BIA News Desk. 2 Eylül. Son erişim tarihi: https://m.bianet.org/english/women/230104-only-7-percent-say-turkey-should-withdrawfrom-istanbul-convention
  • Koyuncu, B, ve A Özman (2019). Women’s Rights Organizations and Turkish State in the Post-2011 Era: Ideological Disengagement versus Conservative Alignment. Turkish Studies, 20 (5), 728-753.
  • KİH-YÇ (2021). Kadınların Üreme Sağlığı Hizmetleri ve Kürtaj Deneyimleri Araştırma Raporu, İstanbul: Kadının İnsan Hakları ve Yeni Çözümler derneği
  • Lombardo, E ve A Alonso (2020). Gender Regime Change in Decentralized States: The Case of Spain. Social Politics, 27 (3), 449-466.
  • Lombardo, E, A Alonso ve R Ciccia (2023). A Southern European model? Gender regime change in Italy and Spain and the Interplay of Polity, Civil Society and Gender-based Violence. Women’s Studies International Forum, March- April 97, baskıda.
  • Mardin, Ş (2006 [1967]. Historical Thresholds and Stratification: Social Class and Class Consciousness. İçinde: S. Mardin (der), Religion, Society and Modernity in Turkey, New York: Syracuse University Yayınevi: 102- 135
  • Moghadam, V (2023). Gender Regimes, Polities and the World-System: Comparing Iran and Tunisia. Women’s Studies International Forum, March- April 97, baskıda.
  • Moghadam, V (2003). Modernising Women: Gender and Social Change in the Middle East. London: Lynne Reinner.
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Toplam 76 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyoloji
Bölüm Makale / Articles
Yazarlar

Ece Kocabıçak 0000-0003-4056-3345

Yayımlanma Tarihi 8 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 47 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kocabıçak, E. (2023). İstanbul Sözleşmesi’nden çekilme kararı ışığında Türkiye’de patriyarkal devlet. Mülkiye Dergisi, 47(1), 42-70.
AMA Kocabıçak E. İstanbul Sözleşmesi’nden çekilme kararı ışığında Türkiye’de patriyarkal devlet. Mülkiye Dergisi. Temmuz 2023;47(1):42-70.
Chicago Kocabıçak, Ece. “İstanbul Sözleşmesi’nden çekilme Kararı ışığında Türkiye’de Patriyarkal Devlet”. Mülkiye Dergisi 47, sy. 1 (Temmuz 2023): 42-70.
EndNote Kocabıçak E (01 Temmuz 2023) İstanbul Sözleşmesi’nden çekilme kararı ışığında Türkiye’de patriyarkal devlet. Mülkiye Dergisi 47 1 42–70.
IEEE E. Kocabıçak, “İstanbul Sözleşmesi’nden çekilme kararı ışığında Türkiye’de patriyarkal devlet”, Mülkiye Dergisi, c. 47, sy. 1, ss. 42–70, 2023.
ISNAD Kocabıçak, Ece. “İstanbul Sözleşmesi’nden çekilme Kararı ışığında Türkiye’de Patriyarkal Devlet”. Mülkiye Dergisi 47/1 (Temmuz 2023), 42-70.
JAMA Kocabıçak E. İstanbul Sözleşmesi’nden çekilme kararı ışığında Türkiye’de patriyarkal devlet. Mülkiye Dergisi. 2023;47:42–70.
MLA Kocabıçak, Ece. “İstanbul Sözleşmesi’nden çekilme Kararı ışığında Türkiye’de Patriyarkal Devlet”. Mülkiye Dergisi, c. 47, sy. 1, 2023, ss. 42-70.
Vancouver Kocabıçak E. İstanbul Sözleşmesi’nden çekilme kararı ışığında Türkiye’de patriyarkal devlet. Mülkiye Dergisi. 2023;47(1):42-70.
Mülkiye Dergisi: Mülkiyeliler Birliği Konur Sokak No. 1, Kızılay - ANKARA, TÜRKİYE. Tel: +90 312 4185572; Faks: +90 312 4191373; mulkiyedergisi@mulkiye.org.tr / Mülkiye Dergisi, Mülkiyeliler Birliği Genel Merkezi Yayın Organı'dır.