Pathophysiology of Addiction

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 166 - 170, 31.12.2019

Egemen Kaya , Deniz Akpınar , Havva Akpınar

Öz

The use of alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs, apart
from causing health problems, also 
increases the loss of labor and 
tendency to crime. Addiction not only occurs against substances, but
also varies as gambling, internet, eating, work, exercise and shopping
addiction. Although it can be treated, it is characterized by the high
frequency of recurrences. Brain parts, environmental and individual factors,
genetic characteristics play a major role in the development of addiction.
While the substance use causes addiction, they lead to changes in the reward
system, decision-making and memory related brain parts. The mesocorticolimbic
system is an important part of the reward system. Dopamine is the main
neurotransmitter in this system. Behaviors such as gambling, internet use,
eating and shopping also increase the release of dopamine by activating the
reward pathway, such as substances that cause addiction. Disorders in the
mesocorticolimbic pathway and associated brain parts play a role in the
formation of addiction. Apart from the dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic system,
other systems and neurotansmitters are thought to be effective in the
development of addiction.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alcohol, Drug Addiction, Mesocorticolimbic System, Nicotine

Bağımlılığın Patofizyolojisi

Öz

Alkol, sigara ve yasaklı
maddelerin kullanımı, yol açtığı sağlık problemlerinin yanında, iş gücünde
kayba ve suça eğilimde artmaya sebep olmasıyla, ortaya çıkan maddi ve manevi
hasarı daha da arttırmaktadır. Bağımlılık sadece maddelere karşı oluşmamakta,
kumar, internet, yeme, iş, egzersiz, alışveriş bağımlılığı gibi türlerle de
günümüzde giderek çeşitliliği artmaktadır. Tedavi edilebilmesine rağmen,
nükslerin sıklığı ile karakterizedir. Beyin yapıları, çevresel ve kişiye bağlı
etkenler, genetik özellikler bağımlılık gelişiminde rol oynamaktadır.
Kullanılan maddeler bağımlılık oluşumuna sebep olurken, ödül sistemi, karar
verme, hafıza ile ilgili beyin yapılarında değişikliklere yol açmaktadır.
Mezokortikolimbik sistem, ödül sisteminin önemli bir parçasını oluşturmaktadır.
Dopamin bu sistemdeki ana nörotransmiterdir. Kumar, internet kullanımı, yeme,
alışveriş gibi davranışlar da, bağımlılığa yol açan maddeler gibi ödül yolağını
aktive ederek, DA salımını arttırmaktadır. Mezokortikolimbik yolak ve
bağlantılı beyin yapılarındaki bozukluklar bağımlılık oluşumunda rol
oynamaktadır. Dopaminerjik mezokortikolimbik sistem dışında, başka sistem ve
nörotansmiterlerin de bağımlılık gelişiminde etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alkol, Madde Bağımlılığı, Mezokortikolimbik Sistem, Nikotin

Kaynakça

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