Obstetrik Şiddet ve Ebelik

Öz

Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda doğumda kadına yönelik saygısız muameleler giderek daha fazla dikkat çekmeye başlamıştır. Doğum sürecinde kadınların %18.3 ile %75’i obstetrik şiddete maruz kalmaktadır. Türkiye’de ise kadınların dörtte üçünün doğumunda obstetrik şiddetin bir türüne maruz kaldığı raporlanmıştır. Bu tür şiddetin, fiziksel şiddet, sözel şiddet, cinsel şiddet, damgalanma ve ayrımcılık, profesyonel bakım standartlarının karşılanmaması gibi farklı biçimleri bulunmaktadır. Makalemizde obstetrik şiddet türleri Bohren ve ark’nın (2015) kategorilerine göre literatürdeki örneklerle açıklanmıştır. Obstetrik şiddet suçu genellikle sağlık profesyonellerine yüklenmektedir. Ancak doğum anında anne ve yenidoğanın hayatından sorumlu oldukları için üzerlerinde baskı hissetmektedir. Obstetrik şiddeti çoğu zaman toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliği, sağlık tesislerindeki yetersiz kaynak ve personel eksikliği gibi örgütsel sebepler beslemektedir. Nedeni ne olursa olsun obstetrik şiddetin, kadınlar için birçok olumsuz sonucu bulunmaktadır. Konuya çok boyutlu bir pencereden bakarak sistem iyileştirilmelidir. Bu nedenle, bu derlemede; obstetrik şiddet türlerini, nedenlerini ve sonuçlarını literatür doğrultusunda açıklamak ve obstetrik şiddeti önlemek için yapılabilecekleri ebelik rolleri üzerinden açıklamak amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğum deneyimi
• Obstetrik Şiddet
• Saygısızlık
• Saygılı Annelik Bakımı
• Ebelik

Obstetric Violence and Midwifery

Öz

In recent years, disrespectful treatment of women during childbirth has attracted more and more attention. Between 18.3% and 75% of women are exposed to obstetric violence during labor. In Turkey, three quarters of women are reported to have experienced some form of obstetric violence during labor. There are different forms of such violence, including physical violence, verbal violence, sexual violence, stigmatization and discrimination, and failure to meet professional standards of care. In our article, the types of obstetric violence are explained according to the categories of Bohren et al. (2015) with examples from the literature. The blame for obstetric violence is usually attributed to health professionals. However, they feel pressure because they are responsible for the lives of the mother and newborn at the time of birth. Obstetric violence is often fueled by organizational reasons such as gender inequality, inadequate resources in health facilities and lack of personnel. Whatever the cause, obstetric violence has many negative consequences for women. The system should be improved by looking at the issue from a multidimensional perspective. Therefore, this review aims to explain the types, causes and consequences of obstetric violence in line with the literature and to explain what can be done to prevent obstetric violence through midwifery roles.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Birth Experience
• Obstetric violence
• Disrespect
• Respectful Maternity Care
• Midwifery

Kaynakça

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