A Review on Prenatal Screening Tests and Ethical Concerns

Öz

The screening tests applied during pregnancy provide important medical information for the early diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities, yet they also raise critical ethical questions. This review article examines the ethical dilemmas associated with the clinical use of prenatal screening tests for aneuploidy. Key concerns include the routine use of these tests in clinical settings, the nature of informed consent for prospective parents, the adequacy of the information provided, the societal views on selective termination in relation to disability, and the potential impacts on the rights and dignity of disabled individuals. Through a comprehensive analysis of current literature and ethical frameworks, this article aims to discuss the medical practice and ethical responsibilities in prenatal care during the implementation of fetal anomaly screening tests, using concepts proposed for screening tests within the framework of medical ethics' fundamental principles and professional virtues, and evaluating prenatal screening tests from a feminist ethics perspective. It supports the need for a more informed and impartial debate aimed at disability-inclusive maternity care that balances respect for the inherent value of all human life with advances in medical technology.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Prenatal Screening
• Reproductive Choice
• Ethics

Prenatal Tarama Testleri ve Etik Kaygılar Üzerine Bir Derleme

Öz

Gebelik döneminde uygulanan tarama testleri, kromozomal anormalliklerin erken teşhisi konusunda önemli tıbbi bilgiler sağlarken, kritik etik soruları da gündeme getirmektedir. Bu derleme makale, anöploidi amaçlı prenatal tarama testlerinin klinik kullanımıyla ilgili etik ikilemleri incelemektedir. Ana endişeler arasında, testlerin klinikte rutin olarak kullanılması, gelecekteki ebeveynler için bilgilendirmenin niteliği ve sağlanan bilgilendirilmiş onamın yeterliliği, seçici küretajın engellilik konusundaki toplumsal görüşler üzerindeki etkileri ve engelli bireylerin hakları ve onuru üzerindeki potansiyel etkileri yer almaktadır. Mevcut literatür ve etik çerçevelerin kapsamlı bir analizi aracılığıyla, prenatal bakımda tıbbi uygulama ve etik sorumluluğun antenatal dönemde fetal anomali tarama testi uygulamaları sırasındaki hekim tutumlarının tarama testleri için önerilen kavramlar, tıp etiğinin temel ilkeleri ve mesleki erdemler üzerinden tartışılması ve prenatal tarama testlerinin feminist etik açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Tıbbi teknolojideki ilerlemeler ile tüm insan yaşamlarının özdeğerine duyulan saygıyı dengeleyen, engelli kapsayıcı bir doğum bakımına yönelme zamanı için gerekli daha bilinçli ve tarafsız bir tartışma ortamı hedeflenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Prenatal Tarama
• Üreme Tercihi
• Etik

Kaynakça

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