Anatomy Articles in the Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine in the Shadow of the World War II: A Contemporary Literature Perspective

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify original human anatomy articles published in the Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine during the defined historical period and to evaluate their findings in light of contemporary literatüre. Methods: The study used a retrospective historical document analysis and content analysis approach. Issues published during the study period were screened, and studies primarily addressing human anatomy and providing original morphological data were included. For the seven eligible articles, author, publication year, anatomical region, study characteristics, material, sample size, and principal findings were recorded. Historical structures and variations were compared with contemporary literature through a structured, topic-specific search focusing on terminology, morphology, prevalence, methodology, and clinical relevance. Results: The seven included studies were published between 1944 and 1947 and consisted of cadaver-based investigations or anatomical case reports describing vascular, muscular, and gastrointestinal variations. Common features included the use of visual material, comparison with the literature available at the time, and discussion of the clinical relevance of selected variations. Contemporary comparison showed that many historical findings can be related to morphological patterns recognized today. However, prevalence differences should be interpreted with consideration of sample size, study material, examination methods, and classification systems. Conlusion: In conclusion, this study provides a historical cross-section of anatomical research at Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine. Because the findings are limited to seven articles from a single journal, they should not be generalized to all anatomical research conducted in Turkey during the period.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• History of anatomy
• Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine
• Anatomical variation
• Cadaver
• Historical document analysis.

II. Dünya Savaşı Gölgesinde İstanbul Üniversitesi Tıp Mecmuasında Anatomi Makaleleri: Güncel Literatür Perspektifi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, belirlenen tarih aralığında İstanbul Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası’nda yayımlanan insan anatomisi konulu özgün çalışmaları belirlemek ve bu çalışmalarda bildirilen anatomik bulguları güncel literatür ışığında değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Araştırma, retrospektif tarihsel belge incelemesi ve içerik analizi yaklaşımıyla yürütülmüştür. İlgili döneme ait dergi sayıları incelenmiş; insan anatomisini temel araştırma konusu olarak ele alan ve özgün morfolojik veri içeren çalışmalar dahil edilmiştir. Dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan yedi makale için yazar, yayın yılı, anatomik bölge, çalışma niteliği, materyal, örneklem büyüklüğü ve temel bulgular kaydedilmiştir. Tarihsel anatomik yapı ve varyasyonlar, yapılandırılmış konuya özgü güncel literatür taramasıyla terminoloji, morfoloji, prevalans, yöntem ve klinik önem açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: İncelenen yedi çalışma 1944–1947 yılları arasında yayımlanmış ve kadavra temelli araştırma veya anatomik olgu bildirimlerinden oluşmuştur. Vasküler, musküler ve gastrointestinal sistemlere ait çeşitli varyasyonlar tanımlanmıştır. Tarihsel çalışmalarda bulguların görsel materyallerle desteklenmesi, dönemin literatürüyle karşılaştırılması ve bazı varyasyonların klinik öneminin tartışılması ortak özelliklerdir. Güncel literatürle karşılaştırmalar, birçok tarihsel bulgunun bugün bilinen morfolojik örüntülerle ilişkilendirilebildiğini göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte prevalans farklılıkları; örneklem büyüklüğü, materyal, inceleme yöntemi ve sınıflandırma farklılıkları dikkate alınarak yorumlanmalıdır. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak çalışma, İstanbul Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesindeki anatomi araştırmalarının belirli bir dönemine ilişkin tarihsel bir kesit sunmaktadır. Bulgular tek bir dergide belirlenen yedi makaleyle sınırlı olduğundan, dönemin Türkiye’deki anatomi araştırmalarının tamamına genellenmemelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anatomi tarihi
• İstanbul Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi
• Anatomik varyasyon
• Kadavra
• Tarihsel belge incelemesi.

Kaynakça

1. 1. Namal FA. A brief history of the Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine. J Ist Faculty Med 2024;87(4):340-8.
2. 2. Kurdak H, Altintas D, Doran F. Medical education in Turkey: past to future. Med Teach 2008;30(8):768-73.
3. 3. Reisman A, Capar I. The German-Speaking Diaspora in Turkey: exiles from Nazism as architects of modern Turkish education (1933–1945). Diaspora Indig Minor Educ 2007;1(3):175-98.
4. 4. Akkin SM, Dinc G. A glimpse into the process of gaining permission for the educational dissection of human cadavers in the Ottoman Empire. Clin Anat 2014;27(7):964-71.
5. 5. Naderi S, Dinç G. Dârülfünûn Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası (1916-1933) ve dizini [Journal of Darulfunun School of Medicine (1916-1933)]. Tıp Tarihi Araştırmaları 2004;12:200-53.
6. 6. Rana K, Poudel P, Chimoriya R. Qualitative methodology in translational health research: current practices and future directions. Healthcare (Basel) 2023;11(19):2665.
7. 7. Parker R, Sikora L. Literature reviews: key considerations and tips from knowledge synthesis librarians. J Grad Med Educ 2022;14(1):32-5.
8. 8. Berkol NA. Safra Kesesi Arteri Varieteleri. İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 1944;(2).

9. 9. Noyan F. Farinksin İlave Adeleleri. İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 1944;(3).
10. 10. Noyan F. Sol Üst Vena Kava. İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 1946;(1).
11. 11. Noyan F. Kalın Barsak Çerçevesinin Anomalileri. İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 1946;(2).
12. 12. Berkol NA. Aort Kavsi Dallarında Görülen Anomaliler. İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 1946;(3).
13. 13. Yıldızay M. Bir Kolda Yüzeyel Arteria Brachialis Lateralis Superior, Bütün İmtidadınca Yüzeyel Giden A. ulnaris Vak’ası. İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 1946;(3).
14. 14. Noyan F. Bacakta Sayı Üstü Bir Kas. İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 1947;(3).
15. 15. Schreier M, et al. Qualitative content analysis: conceptualizations and challenges in research practice—Introduction to the FQS special issue “Qualitative Content Analysis I”. Forum Qual Sozialforsch 2019;20(3):Art. 38.
16. 16. Halle MW, Kikinis R, Neumann PE. TA2Viewer: a web-based browser for Terminologia Anatomica and online anatomical knowledge. Clin Anat 2024;37(6):640-8.
17. 17. Çelebioğlu EC, Akkaşoğlu S. Anatomical variations of cystic artery: a digital subtraction angiography study. J Surg Med 2021;5(4):358-61.
18. 18. Sing’ombe I, et al. A cadaveric study on variations of the cystic artery in the department of pathology, at the University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka, Zambia. Anat J Afr 2019;8(1):1438-43.
19. 19. Andall RG, et al. The clinical anatomy of cystic artery variations: a review of over 9800 cases. Surg Radiol Anat 2016;38(5):529-39.
20. 20. Mugunthan N, et al. Variations in the origin and course of right hepatic artery and its surgical significance. J Clin Diagn Res 2016;10(9):AC01-4.
21. 21. Siddiqui AU, et al. Anatomical insight into the muscle petropharyngeus-a supernumerary muscle of the posterior pharyngeal wall. Anat Physiol 2017;7:S6-004.
22. 22. Choi DY, et al. Anatomical variations of the stylopharyngeus and superior constrictors in relation to their function. Anat Cell Biol 2020;53(4):417-21.
23. 23. Shimada K, et al. Observation of the petropharyngeal muscle in Japanese. Anat Anz 1991;173(4):193-8.
24. 24. Michailovici I, Eigler T, Tzahor E. Craniofacial muscle development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2015;115:3-30.
25. 25. Zhang L, et al. Classification and quantification of double superior vena cava evaluated by computed tomography imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022;12(2):1405-14.
26. 26. Mittal SK, et al. Persistent left superior vena cava and its clinical correlation - a cadaveric study. Asian J Med Sci 2021;12(4):118-21.
27. 27. Saha S, Paoletti D, Robertson M. Persistent left superior vena cava - considerations in fetal, pediatric and adult populations. Australas J Ultrasound Med 2012;15(2):61-6.
28. 28. Steckiewicz R, et al. Imaging topography and morphometry of persistent left superior caval vein and its variations, detected on cardiac implantable electronic device implantation. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2017;76(1):58-65.
29. 29. Katti K, Patil NP. The Thebesian valve: gatekeeper to the coronary sinus. Clin Anat 2012;25(3):379-85. 30. Banerjee A, et al. Morphological variations in the anatomy of caecum and appendix-a cadaveric study. Natl J Clin Anat 2012;1(1):30-5.
30. 31. Afroze MKH, et al. Two cases of positional variation of the cecum and appendix with a vascular anomaly: a diagnostic dilemma. Cureus 2022;14(7):e27091.
31. 32. Saxena AK, et al. Position of a sigmoid colon in right iliac fossa in children: a retrospective study. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2011;16(3):93-6.
32. 33. Shrivastava P, et al. Right sided descending and sigmoid colon: its embryological basis and clinical implications. Anat Cell Biol 2013;46(4):299-302.
33. 34. Bertelli G, et al. Right-side fixation of the sigmoid colon causing internal herniation with closed-loop obstruction of both small and large bowel: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2022;16:323.
34. 35. Hu SF, et al. Unexpected right-sided sigmoid colon in laparoscopy: a case report and review of literature. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024;16(11):3606-13.
35. 36. Natsis K, et al. Retro-oesophageal right subclavian artery in association with thyroid ima artery: a case report, clinical impact and review of the literature. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2016;75(1):130-5. 37. Ostrowski P, et al. An aberrant right subclavian artery in a 63-year-old male cadaver. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2023;82(3):726-31.
36. 38. Nedelcu AH, et al. Morphological aspects of the aberrant right subclavian artery—a systematic review of the literature. J Pers Med 2024;14(4):335.
37. 39. Polguj M, et al. The aberrant right subclavian artery (arteria lusoria): the morphological and clinical aspects of one of the most important variations--a systematic study of 141 reports. ScientificWorldJournal 2014;2014:292734.
38. 40. Buffoli B, et al. Retroesophageal right subclavian artery associated with a bicarotid trunk and an ectopic origin of vertebral arteries. Surg Radiol Anat 2021;43(9):1491-5.
39. 41. Kachlik D, Konarik M, Baca V. Vascular patterns of upper limb: an anatomical study with accent on superficial brachial artery. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2011;11(1):4-10.
40. 42. Yoshinaga K, Tanii I, Kodama K. Superficial brachial artery crossing over the ulnar and median nerves from posterior to anterior: embryological significance. Anat Sci Int 2003;78(3):177-80.
41. 43. Flisiński P, Badura M, Szpinda M. Superficial brachioulnar artery in man. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2023;82(4):936-42.
42. 44. Dartnell J, Sekaran P, Ellis H. The superficial ulnar artery: incidence and calibre in 95 cadaveric specimens. Clin Anat 2007;20(8):929-32.
43. 45. Abdu SM, Muhaba ES, Assefa EM. Anatomical variations of the brachial artery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. FASEB J 2025;39(23):e71268.
44. 46. DeCarlo B, et al. Unilateral identification of a rare superficial brachioulnoradial artery contributing to the superficial palmar arch and brachial artery continuing as the interosseous artery: a case report. Surg Radiol Anat 2024;46(4):495-500.
45. 47. Hatzantonis C, et al. Dissecting the accessory soleus muscle: a literature review, cadaveric study, and imaging study. Clin Anat 2011;24(7):903-10.
46. 48. Lorentzon R, Wirell S. Anatomic variations of the accessory soleus muscle. Acta Radiol 1987;28(5):627-9.
47. 49. Sekiya S, et al. Nerve supply to the accessory soleus muscle. Acta Anat (Basel) 1994;149(2):121-7.
48. 50. Kendi TK, et al. Accessory soleus muscle. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2004;94(6):587-9.