Sağlıkta Bireysel Yenilikçilik, Motivasyonel Kararlılık ve Performans

Öz

Yenilikçilik, motivasyonel kararlılık ve iş performansı, birçok sektörle benzer şekilde, ilaç ve sağlık alanının da önemli unsurları arasında yer almaktadır. Organizasyonların varlıklarını sürdürmeleri için gelişmeleri ve yenilikleri takip etmeleri gerekmektedir. Ayrıca çalışanların yüksek iş performansı göstermesi rekabet edebilmede önemli bir unsurdur. Performansa etki eden birçok faktör olduğu belirtilmekle birlikte bu çalışma kapsamında iş performansının bireysel yenilikçilik ve motivasyonel kararlılık ile ilişkisine odaklanılmıştır. Hayatımızın hemen hemen her alanında yeniliklerin hızlı bir şekilde yapıldığı ve uygulandığı göz önüne alındığında yeniliklere uyum sağlayabilmek önem arz etmektedir. Yalnızca günlük hayatımızda değil çalışma hayatımızda da yenilikçi olmamız gerekmektedir. Günümüzde bireysel yenilikçiliğin yüksek performans elde edilmesinde oldukça etkili olduğu bunun da rekabet gücünü etkilediği ifade edilmektedir. Literatürde motivasyonel kararlılıkla ilgili yapılan sınırlı sayıda çalışmada motivasyonel kararlılığın performansı etkilediği belirtilmektedir. Motivasyonel kararlılığın belirlenen hedefe ulaşmak ve başarılı olabilmek için önemli bir faktör olduğu görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda, araştırma geliştirmeden (Ar-Ge)’den stok kontrolüne, insan kaynaklarından pazarlamaya kadar her alanda gerek rekabetin gerekse insanlığa fayda yönünün yoğun olduğu ilaç endüstrisinde ve sağlık alanında, bireysel yenilikçilik ve motivasyonel kararlılığın performansı etkileyen unsurlar olduğu göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, bireysel yenilikçilik ve motivasyonel kararlılık hakkında genel bilgiler verilmiş, bireysel yenilikçilik ve motivasyonel kararlılık ile performans arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Ayrıca son dönemlerde meydana gelen sağlık sektöründeki gelişmelerden ve yeniliklerden de bahsedilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bireysel yenilikçilik
• motivasyonel kararlılık
• performans
• sağlık sektörü

Individual Innovativeness, Motivational Persistence and Performance in Health

Öz

Innovativeness, motivational persistence, and work performance are important factors in the pharmaceutical and health fields similar to many sectors. Organizations need to follow developments and innovations to continue their existence. Moreover, employees’ high work performance is an important factor in competitiveness. Although it is stated that there are several factors affecting work performance, this study focused on the relationship between work performance and individual innovativeness and motivational persistence. Considering that innovations are made and implemented quickly in almost every aspect of our lives, it is important to adapt to innovations. We need to be innovative not only in our daily life but also in working life. Today, it is stated that individual innovativeness is very effective in achieving high performance and this affects competitive power. In the literature a limited number of studies about motivational persistence exist, and it is stated that motivational persistence affects performance. Motivational persistence is seen as an important factor in achieving the set goal and being successful. In this context, it should be taken into consideration that individual innovativeness and motivational persistence are the factors affecting performance in the healthcare and pharmaceutical industry where competition and humanity are intense in every field from research and development (R&D) to stock control, from human resources to marketing. In this study, general information about individual innovativeness and motivational persistence were represented, and the relationships between individual innovativeness, motivational persistence, and performance were examined. Besides, recent developments and innovations in the health sector were also mentioned.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Individual innovativeness
• Motivational persistence
• Performance
• Health sector

Kaynakça

1. 1. Acar AZ, Acar P. The effects of organizational culture and innovativeness on business performance in healthcare industry. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 2012;58:683-92.
2. 2. Barikani A, et al. Satisfaction and Motivation of General Physicians toward Their Career. Global Journal of Health Science 2013;5(1):166-173.
3. 3. Carmeli A, Meitar R, Weisberg J. Self-leadership skills and innovative behavior at work. International Journal of Manpower 2006;27(1): 75-90.
4. 4. Yesil S, Sozbilir F. An empirical investigation into the impact of personality on individual innovation behaviour in the workplace. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 2013;81: 540-551.
5. 5. Marupuru S, et al. Exploring performance predictors among employees in a pharmacist-led medication management center. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. 2020; in press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2020.04.009
6. 6. Martinez J, Martineau T. Rethinking human resources: an agenda for the millennium. Health Policy and Planning 1998;13:345–58.
7. 7. Franco ML, Bennet S, Kanfer R. Health sector reform and public sector health worker motivation: a conceptual framework. Social Science and Medicine 2002;54:1255–66.
8. 8. García-Goñi M, Maroto A, Rubalcaba L. Innovation and motivation in public health professionals. Health Policy 2007;84: 344-58.

9. 9. Lumpkin GT, Dess GG. Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Acad.Manage. Rev 1996;21:135–172.
10. 10. Perry SJ, Hunter EM, Currall SC. Managing the innovators: Organizational and professional commitment among scientists and engineers. Research Policy 2016;45:1247-62.
11. 11. Yi MY, Fiedler KD, Park JS. Understanding the role of individual innovativeness in the acceptance of it-based innovations: Comparative analyses of models and measures. Decision Science 2006;37(3): 392–426.
12. 12. Fang J, Shao P, Lan G. Effects of innovativeness and trust on web survey participation. Computers in Human Behavior 2009;25:144-152.
13. 13. Vila LE, Perez PJ, Coll-Serrano V. Innovation at the workplace: Do professional competencies matter? Journal of Business Research 2014;67:752-57.
14. 14. Valente TW. Social network thresholds in the diffusion of innovations. Social networks 1996;18: 69-89.
15. 15. Krauss SI, et al. Entrepreneurial orientation: a psychological model of success among southern African small business owners. Eur. J. Work Organ. Psychol 2005;4:315–44.
16. 16. Keller RT. Predicting the performance and innovativeness of scientists andengineers. J. Appl. Psychol 2012;97:225–33.
17. 17. Faiz E. Öğrenen örgütlerde yenilikçilik ve proaktiflik üzerine kavramsal bir çalışma. Düzce Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 2012;2(2): 1-21.
18. 18. Rye CB, Kimberly JR. The adoption of innovations by provider organizations in health care. Medical Care Research and Review 2007;64(3): 235-78.
19. 19. Berry LL, Mirabito AM. Innovative healthcare delivery. Business Horizons 2010;53(2): 157-69.
20. 20. Huang JC. Innovative health care delivery system—a questionnaire survey to evaluate the influence of behavioral factors on individuals' acceptance of telecare. Computers in biology and medicine 2013; 43:281-86.
21. 21. Pammolli F, Magazzino L, Riccaboni M. The productivity crisis in pharmaceutical R&D. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2011;10: 428–38.
22. 22. Fell DR, Hansen EN, Becker BW. Measuring innovativeness for the adoption of industrial products. Industrial Marketing Management 2003;32: 347-53.
23. 23. Benrimoj SI, Frommer MS. Community pharmacy in Australia. Aust Health Rev 2004;28: 238-246.
24. 24. Hanes CA, Wong KK, Saini B. Consolidating innovative practice models: the case for obstructive sleep apnea services in Australian pharmacies. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 2015;11(3): 412-27.
25. 25. Azzopardi LM. Validation instruments for community pharmacy: Pharmaceutical care for the third millennium. NY: Pharmaceutical Products Press, 2000;p. 13–28.
26. 26. Azzopardi LM, Serracino‐Inglott A. Clinical pharmacy education and practice evolvement in Malta. Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 2020;3(5): 973-79.
27. 27. Rouse MJ, Meštrović A. Learn Today–Apply Tomorrow: The SMART Pharmacist Program. Pharmacy 2020;8(3):139.
28. 28. Ruthankoon R, Ogunlana SO. Testing Herzberg’s two‐factor theory in the Thai construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 2003;10(5):333-41.
29. 29. Seniwoliba JA. Teacher motivation and job satisfaction in senior high schools in the Tamale metropolis of Ghana. Merit Research Journal of Education and Review 2013; 1(9):181-196.
30. 30. Schmid B, Jonathan A. Motivation in project management: the project manager’s perspective. Project Management Journal 2008;39(2):60–71.
31. 31. Barg JE, et al. Motivating workers in construction. Journal of Construction Engineering 2014;Article ID 703084.
32. 32. Cameron J, Pierce WD. Rewards and intrinsic motivation: Resolving the controversy. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey; 2002.
33. 33. Herzberg F. One more time: how do motivate employees? Harvard Business Review 2003;81:86-96.
34. 34. Kuranchie-Mensah EB, Amponsah-Tawiah K. Employee motivation and work performance: A comparative study of mining companies in Ghana. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management (JIEM) 2016;9(2):255-309.
35. 35. Arnolds CA, Boshoff C. Compensation, esteem valence and job performance: an empirical assessment of Alderfer's ERG theory. International Journal of Human Resource Management 2002; 13(4):697-719.
36. 36. Gomes F, Proença T. Nurses’ Motivation and Satisfaction at Work: an exploratory study at the Centro Hospitalar S. João (n. 558). FEP Working Papers, 2015.ISSN: 0870-8541.
37. 37. Kreitner R, Kinicki A. Organizational Behavior, 17th Edition, 2007. p. 237.
38. 38. Jiang Z, et al. Total reward strategy: A human resources management strategy going with the trend of the times. International Journal of Business and Management 2009;4(11):177-183.
39. 39. Zalenski RJ, Raspa R. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: a framework for achieving human potential in hospice. Journal of Palliative Medicine 2006;9(5):1120-1127.
40. 40. Constantin T, Holman A, Hojbotă MA. Development and validation of a motivational persistence scale. Psihologija 2011;45(2): 99-120.
41. 41. Chess S, Thomas A. Origins and evolutions of behavior disorders: From infancy to early adult life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1987.
42. 42. Cloninger CR, Przybeck TR, Svrakic DM. The tridimensional personality questionnaire: U. S. normative data. Psychological Reports 1991;69:1047–57.
43. 43. Ţuţu A, Constantin T. Understanding job performance through persistence and job competency. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 2012:33;612-16.
44. 44. Duckworth AL, et al. Grit: perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of personality and social psychology 2007;92(6):1087-1101. 45. Pintrich PR, Schunk DH. Motivation in education: Theory, research and applications. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall; 2002.
45. 46. Pintrich PR. A motivational science perspective on the role of student motivation in learning and teaching contexts. Journal of Educational Psychology 2003;95:667–86. 47. Demir M, Peker A. Motivasyonel kararlılık ile okul tükenmişliği arasındaki ilişkinin yapısal eşitlik modeli ile incelenmesi. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2017;19(1):289-300.
46. 48. Önen L, Tüzün B. Motivasyon. İstanbul: Epsilon Yayıncılık; 2005.
47. 49. Sari̇cam H, ve ark. Motivasyonel kararlılık ölçeğinin Türkçe formu: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Turkish Journal of Education 2014:3(1);60-69. DOI: 10.19128/turje.181076.
48. 50. Lufi D, Cohen A. A scale for measuring persistence in children. Journal of Personality Assessment 1987;51(2):178-185.
49. 51. Cloninger CR, Svrakic DM, Przybeck TR. A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Archives of General Psychiatry 1993;50(12): 975-990.
50. 52. Tangney JP, Baumeister RF, Boone AL. High Self-Control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. Journal of Personality 2004;72(2): 271-324.
51. 53. Kennel KD, Ward-Smith P. Academic persistence among nursing students: A concept analysis. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 2017;7(11): 62-68.
52. 54. González B. Adopción y Difusión de Tecnologías en Sanidad. In: ORTUN V, editor. Gestión Clínica y Sanitaria. De la práctica diaria a la academia, ida y vuelta. Masson; 2004.
53. 55. Le Grand J. Motivation, agency, and public policy: of Knights and Knaves, pawns and queens. Oxford University Press; 2003.
54. 56. John A, Newton-Lewis T, Srinivasan S. Means, Motives and Opportunity: determinants of community health worker performance. BMJ Global Health 2019;4(5): e001790.