Kadınların Sağlık Okuryazarlığı ile Koronavirüs Fobisi Arasındaki İlişki: Bir Aile Sağlığı Merkezi Örneği

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 133 - 141, 27.01.2023

Rana Can Özdemir , Meryem Türkan Işık , Sadık Nazik

https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.1136957

Cited By: 1

Öz

Amaç: Kadınların sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyi pandemi önlemlerini ve gereklerini anlamada kolaylık sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı kadın ebevenylerin COVID-19 korkusu ve sağlık okuryazarlığı arasındaki ilişkiyi ve etkileyen faktörleri ortaya koymaktır.
Yöntem: Kesitsel tanımlayıcı olarak planlanan çalışmada katılımcı özellikleri belirleme formu, Koronavirüs 19 Fobisi Ölçeği, Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği 32 kullanıldı. Araştırmanın örneklemini bir bölgedeki aile sağlığı merkezine başvuran 161 kadın ebeveyn oluşturdu. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde frekans, yüzde, ortalama ve standart sapma ve minimum-maksimum değerleri kullanıldı. Shaprio-wilks ve Kolmogorov-Smirnov testleri Q1: Birinci çeyrek Q3: Üçüncü çeyrek ve Medyan değerleri, Mann-Whitney u testi, Kruskal-Wallis testi ve Ki-kare testi kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 35.79±7.76’dır. Ebeveynlerin Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği toplam puanı 64,93±20,18 Koronavirüs Fobisi Ölçeği toplam puanı 52,27±13,13’dır. Sağlık okuryazarlığı toplam puanı ve Koronavirüs Fobisi Ölçeği toplam puanı arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmadı.
Sonuç: Katılımcıların koronavirüs fobisi ve sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeylerinin orta olduğu saptandı. Haberlerin korku yaratma durumu, tedavinin sık değişimi ve evde oturmanın getirebileceği olumsuz etkiler ile Koronavirüs fobisi toplam puanı; eğitim durumu ve sağlık haberlerini takip etme durumu ile sağlık okuryazarlığı ölçeği toplam puanı arasında anlamlı ilişki bulundu.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, Fobi, Sağlık Okuryazarlığı, Kadın, Phobia, Health Literacy, Women

The Relationship Between Women’s Health Literacy and COVID-19 Phobia: A Family Health Center Example in Turkey

Öz

Objective: Women parents’ health literacy levels make it easier to understand the requirements and preventative measures during a pandemic. The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship and factors affecting women's fear of COVID-19 and health literacy.
Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, Personal Information Form, COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S), and Turkish Health Literacy Scale 32 (THLS 32) were used to gather data. The sample consisted of 161 women who applied to a family health center. Analysis of the data was done with frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and minimum-maximum values. The suitability of variables to normal distribution was tested with Shapiro-wilks and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. For variables not conforming to normal distribution, nonparametric statistical tests were used using Q1: First quarter Q3: Third quarter and Median values. Mann-Whitney u and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used.
Results: Participants’ average age was 35.79 ± 7.76. The health literacy total score is 64.93 ± 20.18 and COVID-19 Phobia Scale total score is 52.27 ± 13.13. No significant correlation was found between health literacy and COVID-19 phobia total scores.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 phobia and health literacy levels were found to be moderate. A significant correlation was found between COVID-19 Phobia Scale total score and the fear caused by the news, frequent change in treatment and the negative effects of staying at home. Also, a significant correlation was found between THLS total score and participants’ education level and following health related news.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, Phobia, Health Literacy, Women

Kaynakça

• 1. Szmuda T, et al. Readability of online patient education material for the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A cross-sectional health literacy study. Public Health 2020;185:21-25.
• 2. Gül E, Aslan Doğan B. The contribution and importance of health literacy in the face of the COVID-19 Pandemic. İzmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Health Science Journal 2022;7(2):423-426.
• 3. Daşlı Y, Bakırer A, Mısırlıoğlu A. The impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on health literacy: A field study. Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences 2022;23(2):585-597.
• 4. Kalayci Oflaz N. Covid-19 pandemisi, sağlık okuryazarlığının artan önemi ve seçilmiş OECD ülkeleri üzerine ekonomik bir değerlendirme. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi 2022;25(1):233-254.
• 5. Duman N. COVID-19 fear and intolerance to uncertainty in university students. The Journal of Social Science 2020;4(8):426-437.
• 6. Memiş Doğan M, Düzel B. Fear-anxiety levels in Covid-19. Turkish Studies 2020;15(4):739-752.
• 7. Mertensa G, et al. Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19): Predictors in an online study conducted in March 2020. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2020;74(102258):1-8.
• 8. Ahorsu DK, et al. The fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and initial validation. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020;27:1-9.
• 9. Schimmenti A, Billieux J, Starcevic V. The four horsemen of fear: An integrated model of understanding fear experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical Neuropsychiatry 2020;17(2):41-45.
• 10. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü. Sağlığın Teşviki ve Geliştirilmesi Sözlüğü. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Anıl Matbaacılık; 2011.
• 11. Bakan AB, Yıldız M. A study on determining the health literacy levels of individuals aged 21-64. Sağlık ve Toplum 2019;29(3):33-40.
• 12. Yılmazel G, Çetinaya F. The importance of health literacy for community health. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 2016;15(1):69-74.
• 13. İnkaya B, Tüzer H. Investigation of health literacy of reading students in social and health sciences of a university. Kocaeli Med J 2018;7(3):124-129.
• 14. Akbal E, Gökler ME. A fact discovered to be inadequate during the COVID-19 outbreak process: Health literacy. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi 2020;5(COVID-19 Special Issue):148-155.
• 15. Abel T, McQueen D. Critical health literacy and the COVID-19 crisis. Health Promotion International 2020:1-2.
• 16. Chong YY, et al. COVID-19 pandemic, infodemic and the role of eHealth literacy. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2020;108:103644.
• 17. Kurt Demirbaş N, Sevgili Koçak S. Evaluation of the COVID-19 pandemic period from the perspective of parents with children between the ages of 2-6. Eurasian Journal of Researchers in Social and Economics 2020;7(6):328-349.
• 18. Başaran M, Aksoy AB. Parents' views on the family lives in the Corona-Virus (COVID-19) outbreak process. The Journal of International Social Research 2020;13(71):668-678.
• 19. Spinelli M. et al. Parents’ stress and children’s psychological problems in families facing the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Front. Psychol 2020;11:1713.
• 20. Arpacı I, Karataş K, Baloğlu M. The development and initial tests for the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S). Personality and Individual Differences 2020;164(110108):1-6.
• 21. Okyay P, Abacıgil F. Türkiye sağlık okuryazarlığı ölçekleri güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayınları. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Anıl Matbaacılık; 2016:43-60.
• 22. Doshi D, et al. Assessing coronavirus fear in Indian population using the fear of COVID-19 scale. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 2020; 28:1-9.
• 23. Parlapani E, et al. Psychological and behavioral responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece. Front. Psychiatry 2020;11:821.
• 24. Hossain MA, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and fear of COVID-19 during the rapid rise period in Bangladesh. PLoS ONE 2020;5(9):e0239646.
• 25. Akyol Güner T. Relationship between health anxiety and compliance preventive behaviors with health literacy in the COVID-19 process. CBU-SBED 2022;9(1):23-31.
• 26. Abdel-Latif MMM. The enigma of health literacy and COVID-19 pandemic. Public Health 2020;185:95-96.
• 27. Bressington, DT, et al. Association between depression, health beliefs, and face mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front. Psychiatry 2020;11:571179.
• 28. Okan O, et al. Coronavirus-related health literacy: A cross-sectional study in adults during the COVID-19 infodemic in Germany. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020;17(5503):1-20.
• 29. Li W, et al. Public health education for parents during the outbreak of COVID-19: A rapid review. Ann Transl Me 2020;8(10):628.
• 30. Drouin M, et al. How Parents and their children used social media and technology at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and associations with anxiety. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 2020;23(11):727-736.
• 31. Anwar S, et al. Women’s knowledge, attitude, and perceptions toward COVID-19 in lower-middle-income countries: A representative cross-sectional study in Bangladesh. Front. Public Health 2020;8:571689.
• 32. Nguyen HC, et al. People with suspected COVID-19 symptoms were more likely depressed and had lower health-related quality of life: The potential benefit of health literacy. J. Clin. Med 2020a;9:965.
• 33. Hashemi-Shahri SM, et al. Sources of news as a necessity for improving community health literacy about COVID-19. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020;34:63.
• 34. Xu C, Zhang X, Wang Y. Mapping of health literacy and social panic via web search data during the COVID-19 public health emergency: Infodemiological study. J Med Internet Res 2020;22(7):e18831.
• 35. Nguyen HT, et al. Fear of COVID-19 Scale-Associations of its scores with health literacy and health-related behaviors among medical students. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020b;17(4164):1-14.
• 36. Rosário R, et al. Associations between COVID-19-related digital health literacy and online information-seeking behavior among Portuguese university students. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020;17(8987):1-20.