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CORPORATE GOVERNANCE RATINGS AND RELATION WITH ACCOUNTING CONSERVATISM IN TURKEY

Yıl 2020, , 93 - 113, 01.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.29067/muvu.619198

Öz

The aim of this study is to analyze the corporate governance ratings in
Turkey and to examine the relationship with conservative accounting practices
in this regard. In this context, according to the results of the analysis using
the data of 64 publicly traded companies between 2007-2019 which has corporate
governance rating, it is concluded that improvements in the corporate
governance structure have a negative relationship with conservative accounting
practices and that the board of directors is the most important component. In
addition to that corporate governance ratings may differ according to the rating
company, and being included in Borsa İstanbul 100 index and the firms operating
in production, technology, financial services have significant effect in
regards of conservative accounting practices.

Kaynakça

  • Acar, D. ve A. Aktürk. 2009. “Muhasebede İhtiyatlılık Kavramı ve İMKB Sınai Endeksinde İşlem Gören İşletmelerde İhtiyatlılık Üzerine Bir Araştırma.”, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, İİBF Dergisi, 11(1), 77-90.
  • Ahmed, A. S. ve S. Duellman. 2007. “Accounting conservatism and board of director characteristics: An empirical analysis.”, Journal of accounting and economics, 43(2-3), 411-437.
  • Aktürk, A. ve D. Acar. 2012. “Muhasebede ihtiyatlılık kavramı ve temelleri.”, Mali Çözüm Dergisi, 113(2012), 17-38.
  • Ball, R. ve L. Shivakumar. 2005. “Earnings quality in UK private firms: comparative loss recognition timeliness.”, Journal of accounting and economics, 39(1), 83-128.
  • Ball, R., Robin, A. ve G. Sadka. 2008. “Is financial reporting shaped by equity markets or by debt markets? An international study of timeliness and conservatism.”,S Review of accounting studies, 13(2-3), 168-205.
  • Barzideh, F., Izadpanah, M. ve S. Lotfi. 2015. “Accounting conservatism and accounting information quality.”, Academic Journal of Research in Business and Accounting, 3(3).
  • Basu, S. 1997. “The conservatism principle and the asymmetric timeliness of earnings.”, Journal of accounting and economics, 24(1), 3-37.
  • Beatty, A., Weber, J. ve J. J. Yu. 2008. “Conservatism and debt.”, Journal of accounting and economics, 45(2-3), 154-174.
  • Beaver, W. H. ve S. G. Ryan. 2000. “Biases and lags in book value and their effects on the ability of the book-to-market ratio to predict book return on equity.”, Journal of accounting research, 38(1), 127-148.
  • Beaver, W. H. ve S. G. Ryan. 2005. “Conditional and unconditional conservatism: Concepts and modeling.”, Review of accounting studies, 10(2-3), 269-309.
  • Beekes, W., Pope, P. ve S. Young. 2004. “The link between earnings timeliness, earnings conservatism and board composition: evidence from the UK.”, Corporate Governance: An International Review, 12(1), 47-59.
  • Bliss, J. H. 1924. “Management through accounts.”, Ronald Press Company.
  • Brown Jr, W. D., He, H. ve K. Teitel. 2006. “Conditional conservatism and the value relevance of accounting earnings: An international study.”, European Accounting Review, 15(4), 605-626.
  • Bushman, R. M. ve J. D. Piotroski. 2006. “Financial reporting incentives for conservative accounting: The influence of legal and political institutions.”, Journal of accounting and economics, 42(1-2), 107-148.
  • Chi, W., Liu, C. ve T. Wang. 2009. “What affects accounting conservatism: A corporate governance perspective.”, Journal of contemporary accounting & economics, 5(1), 47-59.
  • Choi, W. 2007. “Bank Relationships and the Value Relevance of the Income Statement: Evidence from Income‐Statement Conservatism.”, Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 34(7‐8), 1051-1072.
  • Çopur Vardar, G. ve A. Yıkılmaz Erkol. 2019. “Conservatism Scores of Banking and Manufacturing Sectors: A Comparative Analysis.”, Journal of Accounting & Finance, (83).
  • El-Habashy, H. A. 2019. The Effect of Corporate Governance Attrıbutes on Accountıng Conservatısm in Egypt.”, Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 23(3).
  • Ertuğrul, A. N. 2014. “Geleneksel Muhasebeden Uluslararası Finansal Raporlamaya Geçişte İhtiyatlılık Kavramı.”, Niğde Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), 215-227.
  • Feltham, G. A. ve J. A. Ohlson. 1995. “Valuation and clean surplus accounting for operating and financial activities.”, Contemporary accounting research, 11(2), 689-731.
  • Frondel, M., ve Vance, C. 2010. “Fixed, random, or something in between? A variant of Hausman's specification test for panel data estimators. Economics Letters”, 107(3), 327-329.
  • Gassen, J., Uwe Fülbier, R. ve T. Sellhorn. 2006. “International differences in conditional conservatism–the role of unconditional conservatism and income smoothing.”, European Accounting Review, 15(4), 527-564.
  • Giner, B. ve W. Rees. 2001. “On the asymmetric recognition of good and bad news in France, Germany and the United Kingdom.”, Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 28(9-10), 1285-1331.
  • Givoly, D. ve C. Hayn. 2000. “The changing time-series properties of earnings, cash flows and accruals: Has financial reporting become more conservative?”, Journal of accounting and economics, 29(3), 287-320.
  • Givoly, D. Hayn, C. K. ve A. Natarajan. 2007. “Measuring reporting conservatism.”, The Accounting Review, 82(1), 65-106.
  • Gör, Y. ve B. Tekin. “Muhafazakar Muhasebe Uygulamalarının Kurumsallaşmış Şirketlerdeki Etkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma.”, İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2018(2), 13-26.
  • Ho, S. S., Li, A. Y., Tam, K. ve F. Zhang. 2015. “CEO gender, ethical leadership, and accounting conservatism.”, Journal of Business Ethics, 127(2), 351-370.
  • Huijgen, C. ve M. Lubberink. 2005. “Earnings conservatism, litigation and contracting: the case of cross listed firms.”, Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 32(7‐8), 1275-1309.
  • International Accounting Standards Board. 2015. “Basis for Conclusions on the Exposure Draft Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting.” https://www.ifrs.org/-/media/project/conceptual-framework/exposure-draft/published-documents/ed-conceptual-framework-basis-conclusions.pdf [15 Ağustos 2019]
  • Kamu Gözetimi, Muhasebe ve Denetim Standartları Kurumu. 2018. “Finansal Raporlamaya İlişkin Kavramsal Çerçeve.” https://www.kgk.gov.tr [14 Ağustos 2019]
  • Karahan Gökmen, M. 2013. “Accounting Conservatism: A Literature Review.”, Muhasebe ve Vergi Uygulamaları Dergisi (MUVU)/Journal of Accounting & Taxation Studies (JATS), 6(2).
  • Khan, M. ve R. L. Watts. 2009. “Estimation and empirical properties of a firm-year measure of accounting conservatism.”, Journal of accounting and Economics, 48(2-3), 132-150.
  • Klein, A. ve C. A. Marquardt. 2006. “Fundamentals of accounting losses.”, The Accounting Review, 81(1), 179-206.
  • Kootanaee, A. J., Seyyedi, J., Nedaei, M. ve M. J. Kootanaee. 2013. “Accounting conservatism and corporate governance’s mechanisms: Evidence from Tehran stock exchange.” International Journal of Economics, Business and Finance, 1(10), 301-319.
  • Krishnan, G. V. 2005. “The association between Big 6 auditor industry expertise and the asymmetric timeliness of earnings.”, Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, 20(3), 209-228.
  • Krishnan, G. V. 2007. “Did earnings conservatism increase for former Andersen clients?”, Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, 22(2), 141-163.
  • LaFond, R. ve R. L. Watts. 2008. “The information role of conservatism.”, The Accounting Review, 83(2), 447-478.
  • Lafond, R. ve S. Roychowdhury. 2008. “Managerial ownership and accounting conservatism.”, Journal of accounting research, 46(1), 101-135.
  • Lara, J. M. G. ve A. Mora .2004. “Balance sheet versus earnings conservatism in Europe.”, European Accounting Review, 13(2), 261-292.
  • Lara, J. M. G., Osma, B. G. ve F. Penalva. 2009. “Accounting conservatism and corporate governance.”, Review of accounting studies, 14(1), 161-201.
  • Lara, J. M. G., Osma, B. G. ve F. Penalva. 2011. “Conditional conservatism and cost of capital.”, Review of accounting studies, 16(2), 247-271.
  • Lim, R. 2011. “Are corporate governance attributes associated with accounting conservatism?.”, Accounting & Finance, 51(4), 1007-1030.
  • Lobo, G. J. ve J. Zhou. 2006. “Did conservatism in financial reporting increase after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act? Initial evidence.”, Accounting horizons, 20(1), 57-73.
  • Mensah, Y. M., Song, X. ve S. S. Ho. 2004. “The effect of conservatism on analysts' annual earnings forecast accuracy and dispersion.”, Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, 19(2), 159-183.
  • Mason, L. 2004. “The impact of accounting conservatism on the magnitude of the differential information content of cash flows and accruals.”, Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, 19(3), 249-282.
  • Muhasebe Sistemi Uygulama Genel Tebliği Sıra No:1 (1992, 26 Aralık). Resmi Gazete (Sayı: 21447 (Mükerrer)). Erişim adresi: http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21447_1.pdf [14 Ağustos 2019]
  • Nichols, D. C., Wahlen, J. M. Ve M. M. Wieland. 2009. “Publicly traded versus privately held: implications for conditional conservatism in bank accounting.”, Review of accounting studies, 14(1), 88-122.
  • Pae, J. 2007. “Unexpected accruals and conditional accounting conservatism.”, Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 34(5‐6), 681-704.
  • Pae, J., Thornton, D. B. ve M. Welker. 2005. “The link between earnings conservatism and the price to book ratio.”, Contemporary Accounting Research, 22(3), 693-717.
  • Patatoukas, P. N. ve J. K. Thomas. 2011. “More evidence of bias in the differential timeliness measure of conditional conservatism.”, The Accounting Review, 86(5), 1765-1793.
  • Patatoukas, P. N. ve J. K. Thomas. 2015. “Placebo tests of conditional conservatism.”, The Accounting Review, 91(2), 625-648.
  • Penman, S. H. ve X. J. Zhang. 2002. “Accounting conservatism, the quality of earnings, and stock returns.”, The accounting review, 77(2), 237-264.
  • Roychowdhury, S. ve R. L. Watts. 2007. “Asymmetric timeliness of earnings, market-to-book and conservatism in financial reporting.”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 44(1-2), 2-31.
  • Sheytanova, T. (2015). “The Accuracy of the Hausman Test in Panel Data: a Monte Carlo Study.” Örebro University Thesis.
  • Soyemi, K. A., Akingunola, R. O. O. ve J. Olaniyan. 2018. “Accounting Conservatism: A Review of Literature.”, KIU Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 109-129.
  • Tuan, K. 2016. “Denetim Komitesi Özellikleri ve İhtiyatlılık Arasındaki İlişki: Borsa İstanbul Örneği.”, Muhasebe ve Denetime Bakış, 15(47), 115.
  • Qiang, X. 2007. “The effects of contracting, litigation, regulation, and tax costs on conditional and unconditional conservatism: Cross-sectional evidence at the firm level.”, The Accounting Review, 82(3), 759-796.
  • Wang, Z. R. 2009. “Accounting conservatism: A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Accounting.” Victoria University of Wellington.
  • Watts, R. 2003. “Conservatism in Accounting Part II: Evidence and Research Opportunities.”, Accounting Horizons, 17 (3), 287-301.
  • Zhang, J. 2008. “The contracting benefits of accounting conservatism to lenders and borrowers.”, Journal of accounting and economics, 45(1), 27-54.

TÜRKİYE’DE KURUMSAL YÖNETİM UYUM DERECELENDİRMESİ VE İHTİYATLI MUHASEBE İLİŞKİSİ

Yıl 2020, , 93 - 113, 01.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.29067/muvu.619198

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de kurumsal yönetim uyum
derecelendirmesi yaptıran firmaların derecelerinin incelenmesi ve bu hususun
ihtiyatlı muhasebe uygulamaları ile ilişkisinin ortaya konmasıdır. Bu çerçevede
kurumsal yönetim uyum derecelendirmesi yaptıran ve hisseleri halka açık 64
firmanın 2007-2018 yılları arası verileri kullanılarak yapılan analiz
sonuçlarına göre kurumsal yönetim yapısındaki olumlu gelişmelerin ihtiyatlı
muhasebe uygulamaları ile ters yönlü ilişkisi bulunduğu, bu hususta yönetim kurulunun
en önemli bileşen olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra kurumsal
derecelendirme notlarının derecelendirme şirketine göre farklılık
gösterebildiği, Borsa İstanbul 100 Endeksine dahil olmanın ve imalat,
teknoloji, mali sektörlerde faaliyet göstermenin şirketlerin ihtiyatlı muhasebe
uygulamaları açısından anlamlı etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Acar, D. ve A. Aktürk. 2009. “Muhasebede İhtiyatlılık Kavramı ve İMKB Sınai Endeksinde İşlem Gören İşletmelerde İhtiyatlılık Üzerine Bir Araştırma.”, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, İİBF Dergisi, 11(1), 77-90.
  • Ahmed, A. S. ve S. Duellman. 2007. “Accounting conservatism and board of director characteristics: An empirical analysis.”, Journal of accounting and economics, 43(2-3), 411-437.
  • Aktürk, A. ve D. Acar. 2012. “Muhasebede ihtiyatlılık kavramı ve temelleri.”, Mali Çözüm Dergisi, 113(2012), 17-38.
  • Ball, R. ve L. Shivakumar. 2005. “Earnings quality in UK private firms: comparative loss recognition timeliness.”, Journal of accounting and economics, 39(1), 83-128.
  • Ball, R., Robin, A. ve G. Sadka. 2008. “Is financial reporting shaped by equity markets or by debt markets? An international study of timeliness and conservatism.”,S Review of accounting studies, 13(2-3), 168-205.
  • Barzideh, F., Izadpanah, M. ve S. Lotfi. 2015. “Accounting conservatism and accounting information quality.”, Academic Journal of Research in Business and Accounting, 3(3).
  • Basu, S. 1997. “The conservatism principle and the asymmetric timeliness of earnings.”, Journal of accounting and economics, 24(1), 3-37.
  • Beatty, A., Weber, J. ve J. J. Yu. 2008. “Conservatism and debt.”, Journal of accounting and economics, 45(2-3), 154-174.
  • Beaver, W. H. ve S. G. Ryan. 2000. “Biases and lags in book value and their effects on the ability of the book-to-market ratio to predict book return on equity.”, Journal of accounting research, 38(1), 127-148.
  • Beaver, W. H. ve S. G. Ryan. 2005. “Conditional and unconditional conservatism: Concepts and modeling.”, Review of accounting studies, 10(2-3), 269-309.
  • Beekes, W., Pope, P. ve S. Young. 2004. “The link between earnings timeliness, earnings conservatism and board composition: evidence from the UK.”, Corporate Governance: An International Review, 12(1), 47-59.
  • Bliss, J. H. 1924. “Management through accounts.”, Ronald Press Company.
  • Brown Jr, W. D., He, H. ve K. Teitel. 2006. “Conditional conservatism and the value relevance of accounting earnings: An international study.”, European Accounting Review, 15(4), 605-626.
  • Bushman, R. M. ve J. D. Piotroski. 2006. “Financial reporting incentives for conservative accounting: The influence of legal and political institutions.”, Journal of accounting and economics, 42(1-2), 107-148.
  • Chi, W., Liu, C. ve T. Wang. 2009. “What affects accounting conservatism: A corporate governance perspective.”, Journal of contemporary accounting & economics, 5(1), 47-59.
  • Choi, W. 2007. “Bank Relationships and the Value Relevance of the Income Statement: Evidence from Income‐Statement Conservatism.”, Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 34(7‐8), 1051-1072.
  • Çopur Vardar, G. ve A. Yıkılmaz Erkol. 2019. “Conservatism Scores of Banking and Manufacturing Sectors: A Comparative Analysis.”, Journal of Accounting & Finance, (83).
  • El-Habashy, H. A. 2019. The Effect of Corporate Governance Attrıbutes on Accountıng Conservatısm in Egypt.”, Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 23(3).
  • Ertuğrul, A. N. 2014. “Geleneksel Muhasebeden Uluslararası Finansal Raporlamaya Geçişte İhtiyatlılık Kavramı.”, Niğde Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), 215-227.
  • Feltham, G. A. ve J. A. Ohlson. 1995. “Valuation and clean surplus accounting for operating and financial activities.”, Contemporary accounting research, 11(2), 689-731.
  • Frondel, M., ve Vance, C. 2010. “Fixed, random, or something in between? A variant of Hausman's specification test for panel data estimators. Economics Letters”, 107(3), 327-329.
  • Gassen, J., Uwe Fülbier, R. ve T. Sellhorn. 2006. “International differences in conditional conservatism–the role of unconditional conservatism and income smoothing.”, European Accounting Review, 15(4), 527-564.
  • Giner, B. ve W. Rees. 2001. “On the asymmetric recognition of good and bad news in France, Germany and the United Kingdom.”, Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 28(9-10), 1285-1331.
  • Givoly, D. ve C. Hayn. 2000. “The changing time-series properties of earnings, cash flows and accruals: Has financial reporting become more conservative?”, Journal of accounting and economics, 29(3), 287-320.
  • Givoly, D. Hayn, C. K. ve A. Natarajan. 2007. “Measuring reporting conservatism.”, The Accounting Review, 82(1), 65-106.
  • Gör, Y. ve B. Tekin. “Muhafazakar Muhasebe Uygulamalarının Kurumsallaşmış Şirketlerdeki Etkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma.”, İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2018(2), 13-26.
  • Ho, S. S., Li, A. Y., Tam, K. ve F. Zhang. 2015. “CEO gender, ethical leadership, and accounting conservatism.”, Journal of Business Ethics, 127(2), 351-370.
  • Huijgen, C. ve M. Lubberink. 2005. “Earnings conservatism, litigation and contracting: the case of cross listed firms.”, Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 32(7‐8), 1275-1309.
  • International Accounting Standards Board. 2015. “Basis for Conclusions on the Exposure Draft Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting.” https://www.ifrs.org/-/media/project/conceptual-framework/exposure-draft/published-documents/ed-conceptual-framework-basis-conclusions.pdf [15 Ağustos 2019]
  • Kamu Gözetimi, Muhasebe ve Denetim Standartları Kurumu. 2018. “Finansal Raporlamaya İlişkin Kavramsal Çerçeve.” https://www.kgk.gov.tr [14 Ağustos 2019]
  • Karahan Gökmen, M. 2013. “Accounting Conservatism: A Literature Review.”, Muhasebe ve Vergi Uygulamaları Dergisi (MUVU)/Journal of Accounting & Taxation Studies (JATS), 6(2).
  • Khan, M. ve R. L. Watts. 2009. “Estimation and empirical properties of a firm-year measure of accounting conservatism.”, Journal of accounting and Economics, 48(2-3), 132-150.
  • Klein, A. ve C. A. Marquardt. 2006. “Fundamentals of accounting losses.”, The Accounting Review, 81(1), 179-206.
  • Kootanaee, A. J., Seyyedi, J., Nedaei, M. ve M. J. Kootanaee. 2013. “Accounting conservatism and corporate governance’s mechanisms: Evidence from Tehran stock exchange.” International Journal of Economics, Business and Finance, 1(10), 301-319.
  • Krishnan, G. V. 2005. “The association between Big 6 auditor industry expertise and the asymmetric timeliness of earnings.”, Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, 20(3), 209-228.
  • Krishnan, G. V. 2007. “Did earnings conservatism increase for former Andersen clients?”, Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, 22(2), 141-163.
  • LaFond, R. ve R. L. Watts. 2008. “The information role of conservatism.”, The Accounting Review, 83(2), 447-478.
  • Lafond, R. ve S. Roychowdhury. 2008. “Managerial ownership and accounting conservatism.”, Journal of accounting research, 46(1), 101-135.
  • Lara, J. M. G. ve A. Mora .2004. “Balance sheet versus earnings conservatism in Europe.”, European Accounting Review, 13(2), 261-292.
  • Lara, J. M. G., Osma, B. G. ve F. Penalva. 2009. “Accounting conservatism and corporate governance.”, Review of accounting studies, 14(1), 161-201.
  • Lara, J. M. G., Osma, B. G. ve F. Penalva. 2011. “Conditional conservatism and cost of capital.”, Review of accounting studies, 16(2), 247-271.
  • Lim, R. 2011. “Are corporate governance attributes associated with accounting conservatism?.”, Accounting & Finance, 51(4), 1007-1030.
  • Lobo, G. J. ve J. Zhou. 2006. “Did conservatism in financial reporting increase after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act? Initial evidence.”, Accounting horizons, 20(1), 57-73.
  • Mensah, Y. M., Song, X. ve S. S. Ho. 2004. “The effect of conservatism on analysts' annual earnings forecast accuracy and dispersion.”, Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, 19(2), 159-183.
  • Mason, L. 2004. “The impact of accounting conservatism on the magnitude of the differential information content of cash flows and accruals.”, Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, 19(3), 249-282.
  • Muhasebe Sistemi Uygulama Genel Tebliği Sıra No:1 (1992, 26 Aralık). Resmi Gazete (Sayı: 21447 (Mükerrer)). Erişim adresi: http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21447_1.pdf [14 Ağustos 2019]
  • Nichols, D. C., Wahlen, J. M. Ve M. M. Wieland. 2009. “Publicly traded versus privately held: implications for conditional conservatism in bank accounting.”, Review of accounting studies, 14(1), 88-122.
  • Pae, J. 2007. “Unexpected accruals and conditional accounting conservatism.”, Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 34(5‐6), 681-704.
  • Pae, J., Thornton, D. B. ve M. Welker. 2005. “The link between earnings conservatism and the price to book ratio.”, Contemporary Accounting Research, 22(3), 693-717.
  • Patatoukas, P. N. ve J. K. Thomas. 2011. “More evidence of bias in the differential timeliness measure of conditional conservatism.”, The Accounting Review, 86(5), 1765-1793.
  • Patatoukas, P. N. ve J. K. Thomas. 2015. “Placebo tests of conditional conservatism.”, The Accounting Review, 91(2), 625-648.
  • Penman, S. H. ve X. J. Zhang. 2002. “Accounting conservatism, the quality of earnings, and stock returns.”, The accounting review, 77(2), 237-264.
  • Roychowdhury, S. ve R. L. Watts. 2007. “Asymmetric timeliness of earnings, market-to-book and conservatism in financial reporting.”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 44(1-2), 2-31.
  • Sheytanova, T. (2015). “The Accuracy of the Hausman Test in Panel Data: a Monte Carlo Study.” Örebro University Thesis.
  • Soyemi, K. A., Akingunola, R. O. O. ve J. Olaniyan. 2018. “Accounting Conservatism: A Review of Literature.”, KIU Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 109-129.
  • Tuan, K. 2016. “Denetim Komitesi Özellikleri ve İhtiyatlılık Arasındaki İlişki: Borsa İstanbul Örneği.”, Muhasebe ve Denetime Bakış, 15(47), 115.
  • Qiang, X. 2007. “The effects of contracting, litigation, regulation, and tax costs on conditional and unconditional conservatism: Cross-sectional evidence at the firm level.”, The Accounting Review, 82(3), 759-796.
  • Wang, Z. R. 2009. “Accounting conservatism: A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Accounting.” Victoria University of Wellington.
  • Watts, R. 2003. “Conservatism in Accounting Part II: Evidence and Research Opportunities.”, Accounting Horizons, 17 (3), 287-301.
  • Zhang, J. 2008. “The contracting benefits of accounting conservatism to lenders and borrowers.”, Journal of accounting and economics, 45(1), 27-54.
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Sayı
Yazarlar

Ozan Gulhan 0000-0002-1506-3982

Serhan Karaarslan 0000-0002-5020-6918

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Eylül 2019
Kabul Tarihi 23 Ekim 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Gulhan, O., & Karaarslan, S. (2020). TÜRKİYE’DE KURUMSAL YÖNETİM UYUM DERECELENDİRMESİ VE İHTİYATLI MUHASEBE İLİŞKİSİ. Journal of Accounting and Taxation Studies, 13(1), 93-113. https://doi.org/10.29067/muvu.619198

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