Marakeş'teki (Fas) Ben Youssef Medresesi'nin Ses Atmosferleri

Öz

Bu çalışma, Marakeş'te (Fas) miras yapı olan Ben Youssef medresesindeki mimari akustiği araştırmaktadır. El-Tolba'nın (el-Tãleb'in çoğulu: öğrenci) öğrenim ve topluluk yaşam mekanındaki ses atmosferlerini karakterize etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla çalışma üç bölüme ayrılmıştır. Bunlardan ilki, anahtar kavramların tanımlarını, miras binalarındaki ses atmosferleri üzerine bazı araştırmaları ve kullanılan farklı yaklaşım ve yöntemleri (nitel ve nicel karakterizasyon) sunulduğu bir literatür taramasıdır. Bu bölümün amacı, akustik mimari atmosferlere genel bir bakış sağlamaktır. İkinci bölüm, bu akustik atmosferlerin yaratılmasında yer alan mimari ve mekansal unsurların belirlenmesine ayrılmıştır. Bir öğretim ve dua mekânı olarak ibadethaneye özel bir önem verilmiştir. Üçüncü bölüm, bilgisayar simülasyonu yoluyla akustik ortamın niceliksel karakterizasyonuna odaklanmaktadır. Ecotect V5.50 ile yapılan simülasyon için ibadethane ve orta avlu seçilmiştir. Simülasyon analizi üç kriterle sınırlıdır: ibadethanedeki sesin tekdüzeliği, ses davranışı ve yankılanma varlığının derecesi. Sonuçlar, medreseyi inşa edenlerin mimari akustiğe önem verdiklerini göstermektedir. Bu binaya özgü akustik bir atmosfer elde etmek için farklı stratejiler ve mimari ve mekansal unsurlar benimsenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ses Atmosferleri
• Miras Binalar
• Mimari Konformasyon Okuma
• Bilgisayar Simülasyonu
• Ben Youssef Medresesi

Sound Atmospheres of Ben Youssef Madrasa in Marrakech (Morocco)

Öz

This study investigates architectural acoustics in heritage building that is the Ben Youssef Madrasa in Marrakech (Morocco). It aims to characterize the sound atmospheres in this place of learning and community life of el-Tolba (plural of el-Tãleb: student). For this purpose, the study is divided into three parts. The first is the literature review in which we present the definitions of the key concepts, some research on the sound atmospheres in heritage buildings, the different materials and methods used. The objective of this part is to have an overview of the topic of atmospheres. The second consists of architectural conformation reading which is devoted to the identification of the architectural and spatial devices participating in the creation of these sound atmospheres. Special attention was given to the prayer hall as a place of teaching and prayer. The third part focuses on the quantitative characterization of the acoustic environment through computer simulation. The prayer hall and the central courtyard were chosen for the simulation which was done through the Ecotect V5.50. The simulation analysis is limited to three criteria: the uniformity of the sound in the prayer hall, the sound behavior and the degree of the presence of reverberation. The results show that the builders of the madrasa paid attention to the architectural acoustics. Several strategies and devices were adopted to have sound atmospheres appropriate to this building.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sound Atmospheres
• Heritage Buildings
• Architectural Conformation Reading
• Computer Simulation
• Ben Youssef Madrasa

Kaynakça

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