EN
TR
Post-2016 Stadiums in Turkiye: The Gap Between Sustainability Discourse and Urban Reality
Öz
The increasing impacts of global climate change are largely driven by rising resource consumption, with the construction sector accounting for approximately 38% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Stadiums -primarily constructed to host football matches and characterized by limited use throughout the year- occupy a critical position in sustainability debates due to their high construction costs, extensive land use, and significant environmental impacts. In this context, adopting a balanced approach that integrates economic, environmental, and social dimensions of sustainability has become essential in stadium planning and design processes. Turkiye’s signing of the Paris Agreement in 2016 marked a significant milestone in terms of national sustainability objectives, increasing the importance of evaluating the sustainability performance of stadiums designed and constructed after this date. Accordingly, this study examines a total of eleven stadiums built in Turkiye after 2016, focusing on their relationship with the city, levels of urban accessibility, patterns of use, and the adequacy of non‑football functions. A qualitative research methodology was employed, involving semi‑structured interviews with fifteen participants comprising stadium investors, project owners, and operators. The interviews primarily focused on location decisions and the potential for non‑football uses. The findings indicate that the majority of stadiums were reconstructed on their existing sites, that accessibility is predominantly dependent on road‑based transportation -thereby increasing carbon emissions- and that both the diversity and frequency of non‑football activities remain highly limited. Based on these findings, the study argues that future stadium projects should be conceived as climate‑responsive, multifunctional public spaces that are more strongly integrated into urban life and actively used throughout the year. In this regard, the study proposes strategic approaches aimed at strengthening social, economic, and environmental sustainability in stadium planning, design, and operation.
Anahtar Kelimeler
- Global climate change
- Sustainability in stadiums
- Stadium location and sustainable transportation
- Urban integration
- Multifunctionality
Etik Beyan
This study was conducted in accordance with research and publication ethics. The Concerned Research was carried out with the permission of the Eskişehir Techical University Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Board decision numbered E-87914409-050.04-56978 dated 12.12.2024 and Ministry of Youth and Sports Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Board decision numbered E-36592570-605-9899169 dated 30.01.2025.
Teşekkür
I would like to express my gratitude to all the participants who helped me in conducting this study.
Kaynakça
- Aquino, I., & Nawari, N.O. (2015). Sustainable Design Strategies for Sport Stadia. Suburban Sustainability, 3 (1), 1-31. doi: 10.5038/2164-0866.3.1.1020
- Arslan, N., & Gürer, T.K. (2022). Spatial Planning of Stadiums According to International Regulations in Turkey. ITU A|Z, 19 (1), 89-102. doi: 10.5505/itujfa.2022.34445
- Bader, T. (2007). Adaptability and Structural Design of Stadia. (Unpublished master's thesis). Vienna Technical University/ Institute of Building Construction and Technology, Vienna.
- Balcı, V., & Koçak, F. (2014). Spor ve Rekreasyon Alanlarının Tasarımında ve Kullanımında Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlik. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5 (2), 46-58. doi: 10.17155/spd.53129
- Begen, B. (2020). İklim Değişikliğine Uyumda Yeşil Sertifikasyonların Yeri: Kırklareli-Toki Örneği Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme. (Unpublished master's thesis). İstanbul Technical University/ Institute of Science, İstanbul.
- Borgen, M.C. (2016). Urban stadia: Integrating Stadium Design with Mixed-Use Building Tactics to Rejuvenate an Urban Neighborhood. (Unpublished master's thesis). North Dakota State University/ Department of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, ABD.
- Bulgurcuoğlu, A., Küçük, V., Kepoğlu, A., Yorulmazlar, M.M., & Özçalı, Ü. (2018). The Effect of Physical Characteristics of Stadium on Satisfaction Levels of Football Spectators' Age Groups. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 4(11), 103-116. doi:10.5281/zenodo.1450736
- Durgun, D. (2007). Türkiye’de Sporun Gelişimi ve Değişen Kullanıcı Gereksinmelerini Karşılayıcı Yönde Modern Stadyum Yapılarının Temel Planlama Özellikleri. (Unpublished master's thesis). Trakya University/ Institute of Science, Edirne.
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Sürdürülebilir Mimari
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yayımlanma Tarihi
31 Ağustos 2026
Gönderilme Tarihi
31 Aralık 2025
Kabul Tarihi
20 Temmuz 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2026 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2
APA
Bülbül, E., & Yamaçlı, R. (2026). Post-2016 Stadiums in Turkiye: The Gap Between Sustainability Discourse and Urban Reality. Mimarlık ve Yaşam, 11(2), 307-332. https://doi.org/10.26835/my.1853045
AMA
1.Bülbül E, Yamaçlı R. Post-2016 Stadiums in Turkiye: The Gap Between Sustainability Discourse and Urban Reality. MY. 2026;11(2):307-332. doi:10.26835/my.1853045
Chicago
Bülbül, Ece, ve Ruşen Yamaçlı. 2026. “Post-2016 Stadiums in Turkiye: The Gap Between Sustainability Discourse and Urban Reality”. Mimarlık ve Yaşam 11 (2): 307-32. https://doi.org/10.26835/my.1853045.
EndNote
Bülbül E, Yamaçlı R (01 Ağustos 2026) Post-2016 Stadiums in Turkiye: The Gap Between Sustainability Discourse and Urban Reality. Mimarlık ve Yaşam 11 2 307–332.
IEEE
[1]E. Bülbül ve R. Yamaçlı, “Post-2016 Stadiums in Turkiye: The Gap Between Sustainability Discourse and Urban Reality”, MY, c. 11, sy 2, ss. 307–332, Ağu. 2026, doi: 10.26835/my.1853045.
ISNAD
Bülbül, Ece - Yamaçlı, Ruşen. “Post-2016 Stadiums in Turkiye: The Gap Between Sustainability Discourse and Urban Reality”. Mimarlık ve Yaşam 11/2 (01 Ağustos 2026): 307-332. https://doi.org/10.26835/my.1853045.
JAMA
1.Bülbül E, Yamaçlı R. Post-2016 Stadiums in Turkiye: The Gap Between Sustainability Discourse and Urban Reality. MY. 2026;11:307–332.
MLA
Bülbül, Ece, ve Ruşen Yamaçlı. “Post-2016 Stadiums in Turkiye: The Gap Between Sustainability Discourse and Urban Reality”. Mimarlık ve Yaşam, c. 11, sy 2, Ağustos 2026, ss. 307-32, doi:10.26835/my.1853045.
Vancouver
1.Ece Bülbül, Ruşen Yamaçlı. Post-2016 Stadiums in Turkiye: The Gap Between Sustainability Discourse and Urban Reality. MY. 01 Ağustos 2026;11(2):307-32. doi:10.26835/my.1853045