Geleneksel ve Tarihi Mimaride Mekân Algısı Oluşturmak İçin Kullanılan Tasarım Öğeleri: İran Mimarisinden Bir Örnek

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 311 - 331, 30.04.2022

Mahsa Kordhaghı , Hossein Zolfagharı , Özlem Kandemir

https://doi.org/10.26835/my.1017687

Öz

İnsan içinde bulunduğu mekân ile sürekli bir etkileşim halinde olup içinde bulunduğu mekânı duyular yoluyla algılar. Bu algılar bazen bilgi ve tecrübelerden yararlanarak ve bazen anlık hisler ile yorumlanır. Algılamanın büyük bir kısmını, görme duyusu kaynaklı, görsel algı oluşturmaktadır. Biçim, renk, malzeme, doku, ışık ve yansıma kavramları mekândaki görsel algıyı etkileyen tasarım ögeleridir.

Mekân, tüm boyutlarıyla insan yaşamının bir yansımasıdır. Modern yapılarda mekan tasarımları insanların ihtiyaçları, inançları ve bilgileri ile uyumludur. Ancak tarihi yapılarda mekan algısını tam olarak algılayabilmek için bazen mekanın mimari niteliklerini ve mekanın duyusal özelliklerini tam olarak keşfetmek gerekir.

Bu makalede İran’ın Kültürel Miras Koruma Kurumu listesinde, İran’ın en çok tarihi ve mimari değere sahip olan, tarihi binalar arasından beş örnek incelenmek için seçilmektedir. Araştırmada bu tarihi binaların mekân algısına neden olan tasarım öğelerini ve geçmişte mimarın bu algıların duyulmasının ardında olan tasarım amaçlarını ve günümüzde mimar olmayan kullanıcılar tarafından bu algılara ulaşılıp ulaşılmaması tartışılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mimari algı unsurları, Geleneksel mimari, Mekan algısı, Mekan algı çeşitleri.

Design Elements Used to Create a Perception of Space in Architecture: A Case Study of Iranian Architecture

Öz

Human beings are constantly interacting with their space and perceive their environment through their senses. These perceptions are sometimes interpreted through knowledge and experience, sometimes through instant feelings and memories. The most significant perception component is visual perception, and it is about the sense of sight. The design elements that affect the visual perception of space are form, color, material, texture, light, and reflection.
Space is a reflection of human life with all its dimensions. In modern buildings, space designs are in harmony with people's needs, beliefs, and knowledge. However, in historical buildings, it is sometimes necessary to fully discover the space's architectural qualities and sensory features of the space to sense space perception fully.
For the purposes of the study, five examples of the historical buildings that have historic and architectural quality and importance in Iran were selected from the list of Iran Cultural Heritage Organization. The study discusses the design elements that affect the perception of space in these historic buildings and the design objectives of the vernacular historical architecture in Iran.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Elements of architectural perception, Vernacular architecture, Perception of space, Types of spatial perception.

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