BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF PREJUDICE: A REVIEW OF PSYCDYNAMIC ROOTS OF PREJUDICE

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 52 - 67, 01.01.2013
https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-01-01-03

Öz

Abstract By the elementary usage in every day life, Prejeudice is a multidimensional phenomena which is influenced by evolutional, ontogenetical, historical, economic, sociopolitic fields. Because of the biopyschosocial features of Human being, Prejudice emerges in many situations. There for, we can be under the influence of prejudice when we make decision and make our choises. From the psychological point of view, identity development process has an important role at the forming of prejudice. Both core individual identity and large group identity development processes contribute to the evolving of benign or malign prejudice. İn addition prejudice has an adaptive function at the preserving both of individual and large group identity permanent. In the case of developing negative prejudice toward strangers and of xenophobia, large group dynamics have an important role. In this paper psychoanalytic and psychodynamic roots of prejedice had been more focused over the social and cognitive roots of prejudice had been and emphasised importance of psychoanalytic theories at the prevention of malign and rigid prejudice. Key words: prejudice, steriotype, xenophobia, , identity , Large Group Identity

Kaynakça

  • Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Akhtar S. (1992). Broken Structures : Severe Personality Disorders and Their Treatment. Northvale (s. 3-25). NJ: Jason Aronson.
  • Arlow J. A. (1994). “Aggression and Prejudice”: Some Psychoanalytic Observations on the Blood Libel Accusation against Jews (s.283-94). Madison CT: İnternational Universities Press.
  • Akhtar, S. (2005). Hindu-Muslim Relations In India: Past, Present, and Future. Freud along the Ganges içerisinde. Hazırlayanlar: Akhtar, 91-137. New York : Other Press.
  • Akhtar, S. (2007). From Unmentalized Xenophobia to Messianic Sadism: Some Reflections on the Phenomenology of Prejudice : The Future of Prejudice.Psychoanalysis and the Prevention of Prejudice (s.7-21). Jason Aronson.
  • Belnap, B. (2012). Turns of a Pharese : Traumatic Learning through the generations: Lost in Transmission.Studies of Trauma Across Generations içinde (s.115-116). Haz:M.Gerard Fromm. London: Karnac Books.
  • Bernard, V. W., Ottenberg , P. ve Redl, F. (1973). Dehumanization: A Composite Psychological Defence in Relation to Modern War. Sactions and Evil : Sources of Social Destructiveness içinde (s.102-124). Haz: Sanford, N. ve Comstock, C. San Francisco: Jossey - Bass.
  • Blos, P. (1979). The adolescent Passage: Developmental Issues. New York: International Universities Press.
  • Blum, H. P.(1985). Superego Formation, adolescent transformation and the adult neurosis. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 4:887-909.
  • Bowlby, J. (1982), Attachment and Loss, 3 vols., 2nd ed. New York: Basic Books.
  • Brenner, I. (2001). Dissociation of Trauma. Theory, Phenomenology, and Tecnique. Madison, CT: International Universities Press.
  • Brenner, I. (2004). Psychic Trauma: Dynamics, Symptoms, and Treatment. New York: Jason Aronson.
  • Çevik, A. (2009). Çocukluk Döneminde Ben ve Diğerleri Kavramının Gelişimi: Politik Psikoloji içinde (s.49- 52). Haz. Abdulkadir Çevik. Ankara: Dost Yayınları
  • Çevik, A. (2009). Terörizm, Etniklik ve Etnik Terörizmin Psikolojisi: Politik Psikoloji içinde (s.77-83). Haz: Abdulkadir Çevik. Ankara: Dost Yayınları.
  • Devine, P. G. (1988). Stereotype assessment: Theoretical and methodological issues. Unpublished manuscript, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
  • Dovidio, J. F., Kawakami, K., Johnson, C., Johnson, B. ve Howard, A. (1997). On the nature of prejudice: Automatic and controlled processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33, 510–540.
  • Ehrlich, H. J. (1973). The social psychology of prejudice. New York : Wiley.
  • Erikson, E. H. (1956). The problem of ego identity. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 4:56-121.
  • Freud, A. ve Burlingham, D. (1942). War and Children. New York : International Universities Press.
  • Freud, S. (1930). Civilization and its discontents. Standard Edition, 21:59-145. London: Hogarth Press.
  • Fonagy, P. ve Target, M. (1996). Playing with reality. I. Theory of Mind and the Normal Development of the Self. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 77:217-33.
  • Fonagy, P. (2003). The Devolopment of Psychopathology From İnfancy to Adulthood: The Mysterious Unfolding Of Disturbance of Time. Infant Mental Health Journal, 24(3), 212-39.
  • Fonagy, P. (2005). The development of prejudice: Explanations of Its Ubiquity. International Conference on Prejudice and Conflict, Salt Lake City, Aralık 1- 4.
  • Fonagy, P. ve Higgit A. (2007). The development of prejudice: An Attachment Theory Hypothesis Explaining Its Ubiquity : The Future of Prejudice. Psychoanalysis and the prevention of prejudice (Hazırlayanlar: Parens H. Mahfouz A., Twemlow, S.W., Scharff, D.E.) Jason Aranson. ss: 63-81.
  • Gallate, J., Wong C., Elwood, S., Chi, R. ve Snyder, A. (2011).Noninvasive brain stimulation reduces prejudice scores on an implicit association test. Neuropsychology, 25(2), 185-192.
  • Greenwald, A. G. ve Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self- esteem, and stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 4-27.
  • Greenwald, A. G., Debbie, McGhee, E. D., Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998). Measuring Individual Differences in Implicit Cognition: The Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 74(6), 1464-1480.
  • Halstead, M. (1988). Education, Justice, and Cultural Diversity : An Examination of the Honeyfield Affair, 1984-85. London : Flamer Press.
  • Hamilton, D. L. (1981). Stereotyping and intergroup behavior: Somethoughts on the cognitive approach. In D. L. Hamilton (Ed.), Cogni-tive processes in stereotyping and intergroup behavior (s. 333-353). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Harding, J., Proshansky, H., Kutner, B. ve Chein, I. (1969). Prejudice and ethnic relations. In G. Lindzey (Ed.), Handbook of social psychology (Vol. 5). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. http://tdkterim.gov.tr/bts/ Erişim: 8/11/2012, 23:57.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2010). Günümüzde insan ve insanlar&Sosyal psikolojiye giriş (s.273-275). Evrim Yayınları.
  • Kernberg, O. F. (1976). Object Relations Theory and Clinical Psychoanalysis. New York: Jason Aronson.
  • Kernberg, O. F. (1980). Internal World and External Reality : Object Relations Theory Applied. New York: Jason Aronson.
  • Kestenberg, J. ve Brenner, I. (1996). The last witness. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
  • Lethonen, J. Könönen, M., Purhonen, J., Saarikoski, S. ve Launiala, K. (1998). The Effect of Nursing on the Brain Activity of the Newborn. Journal of pediatrics, 132, 446-451.
  • Mahler, M. S. (1968). On Human Symbiosis and Vicissitudes of Individuation. New York : International Universties Press.
  • Mahler, M. S., Pine F., Bergman, A. (1975). The Psychological Birth of the Human Infant. New York Basic Books.
  • Nosek B. A., Greenwald, A. G. ve Banaji, M. R. (2007). The implicit association test at age 7: a methodological and conceptual review. In Bargh J.A. (ed), Automatic processes in social thinking and behaviour. Psychology Press, (s.265–292).
  • Parens, H. (1976). The Development of Aggression in Early Childhood. New York: Jason Aronson.
  • Parens, H. (1979). Developmental Considerations of Ambivalence. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 34,385-420.
  • Parens, H. 2007. Toward Understanding Prejudice – Benign and Malignant. The future of prejudice: psychoanalysis and the prevention of prejudice, 2007 - Jason Aronson ss: 21-37.
  • Phelps, E. A., O’Conner K. J., Cunningham W. A., Funayama E. S., Gatenby, J. C., Gore, J. C. ve Banaji M.R. (2000). Performance on indirect measures of race evaluation predicts amygdala activation. J Cogn Neurosci, 12, 729–738.
  • Post, J. M. (1990). Terrorist Psycho-logic: Terrorist behavior as product of psychological forces. Orgins of Terrorism içerisinde. Hazırlayan: W. Reich, ss:25-40. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Secord, P. E. ve Backman, C. W. (1974). Social psychology. New York: McGraw- Hill.
  • Spitz, R. (1965). The First Year of Life. New York: International Universities Press.
  • Terbeck, S., Kahane, G., McTavish, S., Savulescu, J., Cowen, P. J. ve Hewstone, M. (2013). Propranolol reduces implicit negative bias. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 222(3), 419–424.
  • Thompson, J. A., Harris, M., Volkan, V. D. ve Edwards, B.(1995). The Psychology of Western Eurepean Neo-racism. International Journal on Group Rights, 3, 1-30.
  • Volkan, V. D. (1976). Primitive Internalized Object Relations: A Clinical Study of Schizopherenic, Borderline, Narcissistic Patients. New York: International Universities Press.
  • Volkan, V. D. (1988). The need to have enemies and allies : From clinical practice to International Relational Ship. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.
  • Volkan, V. D. (1988). The need to have enemies and allies : From clinical practice to International Relational Ship. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.
  • Volkan, V. D. (1991). On Chosen Trauma. Mind and Human Interaction, 3:13.
  • Volkan, V. D. (1995). The Infantile psychotic self: Understanding and treating schizopherincs and other difficult patients. Northvale, NJ:Jason Aranson.
  • Volkan, V. D., Ast, G. ve Greer W. (2002). The third reich in the unconscious: Transgenerational Transmission and its Consequences. (s.51-161). New York : Brunner – Routledge.
  • Volkan, V. D. (2009). Körü Körüne İnanç. Kriz ve Terör Dönemlerinde Geniş Gruplar ve Liderleri (s.79-129). Okuyanus Yayınları.
  • Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary. (1987). Springfield, MA: Merriam Webster’s Publishers.

ÖNYARGILARIN PSİKOLOJİSİ: PSİKODİNAMİK BİR GÖZDEN GEÇİRME

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 52 - 67, 01.01.2013
https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-01-01-03

Öz

Özet Önyargı gündelik hayattaki basitleştirilmiş kullanımının yanında, evrimsel, ontogenetik, tarihsel, ekonomik, sosyopolitik alanlardan etkilenen çok boyutlu bir fenomendir. Önyargılar, insanoğlunun biyopsikososyal özellikleri nedeniyle, birçok durumda görünüm bulabilmektedir. Seçimlerimizden, verdiğimiz kararlara kadar farkında olmadan önyargılarımızın etkisi altında olabilmekteyiz. Önyargıların oluşmasında psikolojik anlamda kimlik gelişiminin büyük bir rolü vardır. Gerek bireysel kimlik gerekse de geniş grup kimliğinin gelişim süreçleri ve özellikleri iyi huylu ve kötücül önyargıların oluşumuna katkı sağlamaktadır. Bunun yanında önyargılar, gerek bireysel gerekse de geniş grup kimliğinin bütünlüğünün korunmasında adaptif bir işleve sahiptir. Yabancı düşmanlığı ve yabancılara karşı olumsuz önyargıların oluşumunda, geniş grup dinamiklerinin büyük rolü bulunmaktadır. Bu yazıda önyargıların sosyal ve bilişsel kökenlerinden çok psikodinamik kökenleri gözden geçirilmiş ve katı önyargılara karşı korunma ve mücadelede psikanalitik kuramların önemi vurgulanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler : Önyargı, kalıpyargı, yabancı düşmanlığı, kimlik, geniş grup kimliği

Kaynakça

  • Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Akhtar S. (1992). Broken Structures : Severe Personality Disorders and Their Treatment. Northvale (s. 3-25). NJ: Jason Aronson.
  • Arlow J. A. (1994). “Aggression and Prejudice”: Some Psychoanalytic Observations on the Blood Libel Accusation against Jews (s.283-94). Madison CT: İnternational Universities Press.
  • Akhtar, S. (2005). Hindu-Muslim Relations In India: Past, Present, and Future. Freud along the Ganges içerisinde. Hazırlayanlar: Akhtar, 91-137. New York : Other Press.
  • Akhtar, S. (2007). From Unmentalized Xenophobia to Messianic Sadism: Some Reflections on the Phenomenology of Prejudice : The Future of Prejudice.Psychoanalysis and the Prevention of Prejudice (s.7-21). Jason Aronson.
  • Belnap, B. (2012). Turns of a Pharese : Traumatic Learning through the generations: Lost in Transmission.Studies of Trauma Across Generations içinde (s.115-116). Haz:M.Gerard Fromm. London: Karnac Books.
  • Bernard, V. W., Ottenberg , P. ve Redl, F. (1973). Dehumanization: A Composite Psychological Defence in Relation to Modern War. Sactions and Evil : Sources of Social Destructiveness içinde (s.102-124). Haz: Sanford, N. ve Comstock, C. San Francisco: Jossey - Bass.
  • Blos, P. (1979). The adolescent Passage: Developmental Issues. New York: International Universities Press.
  • Blum, H. P.(1985). Superego Formation, adolescent transformation and the adult neurosis. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 4:887-909.
  • Bowlby, J. (1982), Attachment and Loss, 3 vols., 2nd ed. New York: Basic Books.
  • Brenner, I. (2001). Dissociation of Trauma. Theory, Phenomenology, and Tecnique. Madison, CT: International Universities Press.
  • Brenner, I. (2004). Psychic Trauma: Dynamics, Symptoms, and Treatment. New York: Jason Aronson.
  • Çevik, A. (2009). Çocukluk Döneminde Ben ve Diğerleri Kavramının Gelişimi: Politik Psikoloji içinde (s.49- 52). Haz. Abdulkadir Çevik. Ankara: Dost Yayınları
  • Çevik, A. (2009). Terörizm, Etniklik ve Etnik Terörizmin Psikolojisi: Politik Psikoloji içinde (s.77-83). Haz: Abdulkadir Çevik. Ankara: Dost Yayınları.
  • Devine, P. G. (1988). Stereotype assessment: Theoretical and methodological issues. Unpublished manuscript, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
  • Dovidio, J. F., Kawakami, K., Johnson, C., Johnson, B. ve Howard, A. (1997). On the nature of prejudice: Automatic and controlled processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33, 510–540.
  • Ehrlich, H. J. (1973). The social psychology of prejudice. New York : Wiley.
  • Erikson, E. H. (1956). The problem of ego identity. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 4:56-121.
  • Freud, A. ve Burlingham, D. (1942). War and Children. New York : International Universities Press.
  • Freud, S. (1930). Civilization and its discontents. Standard Edition, 21:59-145. London: Hogarth Press.
  • Fonagy, P. ve Target, M. (1996). Playing with reality. I. Theory of Mind and the Normal Development of the Self. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 77:217-33.
  • Fonagy, P. (2003). The Devolopment of Psychopathology From İnfancy to Adulthood: The Mysterious Unfolding Of Disturbance of Time. Infant Mental Health Journal, 24(3), 212-39.
  • Fonagy, P. (2005). The development of prejudice: Explanations of Its Ubiquity. International Conference on Prejudice and Conflict, Salt Lake City, Aralık 1- 4.
  • Fonagy, P. ve Higgit A. (2007). The development of prejudice: An Attachment Theory Hypothesis Explaining Its Ubiquity : The Future of Prejudice. Psychoanalysis and the prevention of prejudice (Hazırlayanlar: Parens H. Mahfouz A., Twemlow, S.W., Scharff, D.E.) Jason Aranson. ss: 63-81.
  • Gallate, J., Wong C., Elwood, S., Chi, R. ve Snyder, A. (2011).Noninvasive brain stimulation reduces prejudice scores on an implicit association test. Neuropsychology, 25(2), 185-192.
  • Greenwald, A. G. ve Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self- esteem, and stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 4-27.
  • Greenwald, A. G., Debbie, McGhee, E. D., Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998). Measuring Individual Differences in Implicit Cognition: The Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 74(6), 1464-1480.
  • Halstead, M. (1988). Education, Justice, and Cultural Diversity : An Examination of the Honeyfield Affair, 1984-85. London : Flamer Press.
  • Hamilton, D. L. (1981). Stereotyping and intergroup behavior: Somethoughts on the cognitive approach. In D. L. Hamilton (Ed.), Cogni-tive processes in stereotyping and intergroup behavior (s. 333-353). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Harding, J., Proshansky, H., Kutner, B. ve Chein, I. (1969). Prejudice and ethnic relations. In G. Lindzey (Ed.), Handbook of social psychology (Vol. 5). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. http://tdkterim.gov.tr/bts/ Erişim: 8/11/2012, 23:57.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2010). Günümüzde insan ve insanlar&Sosyal psikolojiye giriş (s.273-275). Evrim Yayınları.
  • Kernberg, O. F. (1976). Object Relations Theory and Clinical Psychoanalysis. New York: Jason Aronson.
  • Kernberg, O. F. (1980). Internal World and External Reality : Object Relations Theory Applied. New York: Jason Aronson.
  • Kestenberg, J. ve Brenner, I. (1996). The last witness. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
  • Lethonen, J. Könönen, M., Purhonen, J., Saarikoski, S. ve Launiala, K. (1998). The Effect of Nursing on the Brain Activity of the Newborn. Journal of pediatrics, 132, 446-451.
  • Mahler, M. S. (1968). On Human Symbiosis and Vicissitudes of Individuation. New York : International Universties Press.
  • Mahler, M. S., Pine F., Bergman, A. (1975). The Psychological Birth of the Human Infant. New York Basic Books.
  • Nosek B. A., Greenwald, A. G. ve Banaji, M. R. (2007). The implicit association test at age 7: a methodological and conceptual review. In Bargh J.A. (ed), Automatic processes in social thinking and behaviour. Psychology Press, (s.265–292).
  • Parens, H. (1976). The Development of Aggression in Early Childhood. New York: Jason Aronson.
  • Parens, H. (1979). Developmental Considerations of Ambivalence. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 34,385-420.
  • Parens, H. 2007. Toward Understanding Prejudice – Benign and Malignant. The future of prejudice: psychoanalysis and the prevention of prejudice, 2007 - Jason Aronson ss: 21-37.
  • Phelps, E. A., O’Conner K. J., Cunningham W. A., Funayama E. S., Gatenby, J. C., Gore, J. C. ve Banaji M.R. (2000). Performance on indirect measures of race evaluation predicts amygdala activation. J Cogn Neurosci, 12, 729–738.
  • Post, J. M. (1990). Terrorist Psycho-logic: Terrorist behavior as product of psychological forces. Orgins of Terrorism içerisinde. Hazırlayan: W. Reich, ss:25-40. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Secord, P. E. ve Backman, C. W. (1974). Social psychology. New York: McGraw- Hill.
  • Spitz, R. (1965). The First Year of Life. New York: International Universities Press.
  • Terbeck, S., Kahane, G., McTavish, S., Savulescu, J., Cowen, P. J. ve Hewstone, M. (2013). Propranolol reduces implicit negative bias. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 222(3), 419–424.
  • Thompson, J. A., Harris, M., Volkan, V. D. ve Edwards, B.(1995). The Psychology of Western Eurepean Neo-racism. International Journal on Group Rights, 3, 1-30.
  • Volkan, V. D. (1976). Primitive Internalized Object Relations: A Clinical Study of Schizopherenic, Borderline, Narcissistic Patients. New York: International Universities Press.
  • Volkan, V. D. (1988). The need to have enemies and allies : From clinical practice to International Relational Ship. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.
  • Volkan, V. D. (1988). The need to have enemies and allies : From clinical practice to International Relational Ship. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.
  • Volkan, V. D. (1991). On Chosen Trauma. Mind and Human Interaction, 3:13.
  • Volkan, V. D. (1995). The Infantile psychotic self: Understanding and treating schizopherincs and other difficult patients. Northvale, NJ:Jason Aranson.
  • Volkan, V. D., Ast, G. ve Greer W. (2002). The third reich in the unconscious: Transgenerational Transmission and its Consequences. (s.51-161). New York : Brunner – Routledge.
  • Volkan, V. D. (2009). Körü Körüne İnanç. Kriz ve Terör Dönemlerinde Geniş Gruplar ve Liderleri (s.79-129). Okuyanus Yayınları.
  • Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary. (1987). Springfield, MA: Merriam Webster’s Publishers.
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Rifat S. İlhan Bu kişi benim

Abdülkadir Çevik Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA İlhan, R. S., & Çevik, A. (2013). ÖNYARGILARIN PSİKOLOJİSİ: PSİKODİNAMİK BİR GÖZDEN GEÇİRME. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi, 1(1), 52-67. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-01-01-03
AMA İlhan RS, Çevik A. ÖNYARGILARIN PSİKOLOJİSİ: PSİKODİNAMİK BİR GÖZDEN GEÇİRME. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi. Ocak 2013;1(1):52-67. doi:10.7816/nesne-01-01-03
Chicago İlhan, Rifat S., ve Abdülkadir Çevik. “ÖNYARGILARIN PSİKOLOJİSİ: PSİKODİNAMİK BİR GÖZDEN GEÇİRME”. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi 1, sy. 1 (Ocak 2013): 52-67. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-01-01-03.
EndNote İlhan RS, Çevik A (01 Ocak 2013) ÖNYARGILARIN PSİKOLOJİSİ: PSİKODİNAMİK BİR GÖZDEN GEÇİRME. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi 1 1 52–67.
IEEE R. S. İlhan ve A. Çevik, “ÖNYARGILARIN PSİKOLOJİSİ: PSİKODİNAMİK BİR GÖZDEN GEÇİRME”, Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi, c. 1, sy. 1, ss. 52–67, 2013, doi: 10.7816/nesne-01-01-03.
ISNAD İlhan, Rifat S. - Çevik, Abdülkadir. “ÖNYARGILARIN PSİKOLOJİSİ: PSİKODİNAMİK BİR GÖZDEN GEÇİRME”. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi 1/1 (Ocak 2013), 52-67. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-01-01-03.
JAMA İlhan RS, Çevik A. ÖNYARGILARIN PSİKOLOJİSİ: PSİKODİNAMİK BİR GÖZDEN GEÇİRME. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi. 2013;1:52–67.
MLA İlhan, Rifat S. ve Abdülkadir Çevik. “ÖNYARGILARIN PSİKOLOJİSİ: PSİKODİNAMİK BİR GÖZDEN GEÇİRME”. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi, c. 1, sy. 1, 2013, ss. 52-67, doi:10.7816/nesne-01-01-03.
Vancouver İlhan RS, Çevik A. ÖNYARGILARIN PSİKOLOJİSİ: PSİKODİNAMİK BİR GÖZDEN GEÇİRME. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi. 2013;1(1):52-67.