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Endocrown Restorations

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 126 - 132, 28.08.2023

Öz

Restoration of endodontically treated teeth in severely damaged coronal tissue is a clinical challenge. The traditional treatment approach
is a crown restorations applied on a core structure supported by the root canal post for these teeth. However, the difficulties encountered
in preparing the post space have led to the development of alternative treatment options. Endocrown restorations are monoblock restorations
that combines the core structure with the crown restoration, providing macro and micromechanical retantion. Endocrown restorations
are applied to cavities prepared by considering caries and material loss. It is indicated for the restoration of teeth with limited
interocclusal distance, insufficient clinical crown and ferrule length. Limitations on the use of intraradicular-posts, such as short or curved
roots, calcified or small root canals, and fracture instruments, may be overcome with endocrowns. Due to endocrown restorations, root
dentin contamination is prevented, and possible complications are prevented since no preparation is made on the root dentin. In addition,
supragingival finish of the restoration provides many advantages. The aim of this review was to define endocrown restorations and report
current studies.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Kanat-Ertürk B, Saridağ S, Köseler E, et al. Fracture strengths of endocrown restorations fabricated with different preparation depths and CAD/CAM materials. Dent Mater J. 2018;37:256-65.
  • 2. Reeh ES, Messer HH and Douglas WH. Reduction in tooth stiffness as a result of endodontic and restorative procedures. J Endod. 1989;15: 512-6.
  • 3. Tribst JPM, Dal Piva AMdO, Madruga CFL, et al. Endocrown restorations: Influence of dental remnant and restorative material on stress distribution. Dent Mater. 2018;34:1466-73.
  • 4. Gianluca P, Luigi T, Nicola M, et al. Symmetry of Root and Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary and Mandibular Molars in a White Population: A Cone-beam Computed Tomography Study In Vivo. J Endod. 2013;39:1545-8.
  • 5. Pissis P. Fabrication of a metal-free ceramic restoration utilizing the monobloc technique. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent. 1995;7:83-94.
  • 6. Bindl A and Mörmann WH. Clinical evaluation of adhesively placed Cerec endo-crowns after 2 years-preliminary results. J Adhes Dent.1999; 1.
  • 7. Lise DP, Van Ende A, De Munck J, et al. Biomechanical behavior of endodontically treated premolars using different preparation designs and CAD/CAM materials. J Dent. 2017;59:54-61.
  • 8. Dietschi D, Duc O, Krejci I, et al. Biomechanical considerations for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth: a systematic review of the literature, Part II (Evaluation of fatigue behavior, interfaces, and in vivo studies). Quintessence international 2008;39.
  • 9. Zarone F, Sorrentino R, Apicella D, et al. Evaluation of the biomechanical behavior of maxillary central incisors restored by means of endocrowns compared to a natural tooth: a 3D static linear finite elements analysis. Dent Mater. 2006;22:1035-44.
  • 10. Lin C-L, Chang Y-H and Pai C-A. Evaluation of failure risks in ceramic restorations for endodontically treated premolar with MOD preparation. Dent Mater. 2011;27:431-8.
  • 11. Mordohai N, Reshad M and Jivraj SA. To extract or not to extract? Factors that affect individual tooth prognosis. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2005;33:319-28.
  • 12. Bindl A, Richter B and Mörmann WH. Survival of ceramic computer-aided design/manufacturing crowns bonded to preparations with reduced macroretention geometry. Int J Prosthodont. 2005; 18.
  • 13. Dartora NR, de Conto Ferreira MB, Moris ICM, et al. Effect of intracoronal depth of teeth restored with endocrowns on fracture resistance: in vitro and 3-dimensional finite element analysis. J Endod. 2018;44:1179-85.
  • 14. Sevimli G, Cengiz S and Oruc MS. Endocrowns. J Istanbul Univ Fac Dent. 2015; 49: 57.
  • 15. Dejak B and Młotkowski A. Strength comparison of anterior teeth restored with ceramic endocrowns vs custom-made post and cores. J. Prosthodont. Res. 2018;62:171-6.
  • 16. Lin J, Lin Z and Zheng Z. Effect of different restorative crown design and materials on stress distribution in endodontically treated molars: a finite element analysis study. BMC Oral Health 2020;20:1-8.
  • 17. El-Damanhoury HM, Haj-Ali RN and Platt JA. Fracture resistance and microleakage of endocrowns utilizing three CAD-CAM blocks. Oper Dent 2015;40: 201-10.
  • 18. Carvalho MAd, Lazari PC, Gresnigt M, et al. Current options concerning the endodontically-treated teeth restoration with the adhesive approach. Brazilian Oral Res. 2018; 32.
  • 19. Rocca GT, Saratti CM, Poncet A, et al. The influence of RCs reinforcement on marginal adaptation of CAD/CAM composite resin endocrowns after simulated fatigue loading. Odontology 2016;104: 220-32.
  • 20. Robbins JW. Restoration of the endodontically treated tooth. Dental Clinics 2002;46:367-84.
  • 21. Fages M and Bennasar B. The endocrown: a different type of all-ceramic reconstruction for molars. J Can Dent Assoc 2013; 79: d140.
  • 22. Dejak B and Młotkowski A. 3D-Finite element analysis of molars restored with endocrowns and posts during masticatory simulation. Dent Mater 2013;29: e309-e17.
  • 23. Bozkurt DA, Buyukerkmen EB and Terlemez A. Comparison of the pull-out bond strength of endodontically treated anterior teeth with monolithic zirconia endocrown and post-and-core crown restorations. J Oral Sci 2023;65: 1-5.
  • 24. Edelhoff D and Sorensen JA. Tooth structure removal associated with various preparation designs for anterior teeth. J Prosthet Dent 2002; 87:503-9.
  • 25. Mörmann WH, Bindl A, Lüthy H, et al. Effects of preparation and luting system on all-ceramic computer-generated crowns. Int J Prosthodont 1998; 11.
  • 26. Biacchi GR, Mello B and Basting RT. The endocrown: an alternative approach for restoring extensively damaged molars. J Esthet Restor Dent 2013;25:383-90.
  • 27. Al-Dabbagh RA. Survival and success of endocrowns: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 125: 415. e411-415. e419.
  • 28. Shams A, Elsherbini M, Elsherbiny AA, et al. Rehabilitation of severely-destructed endodontically treated premolar teeth with novel endocrown system: Biomechanical behavior assessment through 3D finite element and in vitro analyses. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 126: 105031.
  • 29. Zardoni JLC, de León Flores MA, Fierro NC, et al. Indications for the use of endocrowns, design and selection of materials: Literature review. 2023.
  • 30. Zhu J, Rong Q, Wang X, et al. Influence of remaining tooth structure and restorative material type on stress distribution in endodontically treated maxillary premolars: A finite element analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2017;117:646-55.
  • 31. Atash R, Arab M, Duterme H, et al. Comparison of resistance to fracture between three types of permanent restorations subjected to shear force: An in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2017;17:239.
  • 32. Sedrez-Porto JA, da Rosa WLdO, da Silva AF, et al. Endocrown restorations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2016;52:8-14.
  • 33. Rocca GT and Krejci I. Crown and post-free adhesive restorations for endodontically treated posterior teeth: from direct composite to endocrowns. Eur J Esthet Dent 2013;8:156-79.
  • 34. Belleflamme MM, Geerts SO, Louwette MM, et al. No post-no core approach to restore severely damaged posterior teeth: An up to 10-year retrospective study of documented endocrown cases. J Dent 2017;63:1-7.
  • 35. Biacchi G and Basting R. Comparison of fracture strength of endocrowns and glass fiber post-retained conventional crowns. Oper Dent 2012;37:130-6.
  • 36. Einhorn M, DuVall N, Wajdowicz M, et al. Preparation ferrule design effect on endocrown failure resistance. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 28: e237-e42.
  • 37. Barallat L, Arregui M, Fernandez-Villar S, et al. Fracture Resistance in Non-Vital Teeth: Absence of Interproximal Ferrule and Influence of Preparation Depth in CAD/CAM Endocrown Overlays—An In Vitro Study. Materials 2022;15:436.
  • 38. Ghajghouj O and Taşar-Faruk S. Evaluation of fracture resistance and microleakage of endocrowns with different intracoronal depths and restorative materials luted with various resin cements. Materials 2019;12: 2528.
  • 39. Magne P and Knezevic A. Thickness of CAD–CAM composite resin overlays influences fatigue resistance of endodontically treated premolars. Dent Mater 2009;25:1264-68.
  • 40. Ghoul WE, Özcan M, Tribst JPM, et al. Fracture resistance, failure mode and stress concentration in a modified endocrown design. Biomater Investig Dent. 2020;7:110-9.
  • 41. Perdigão J. Dentin bonding—Variables related to the clinical situation and the substrate treatment. Dent Mater 2010;26:e24-e37.
  • 42. Magne P, Kim TH, Cascione D, et al. Immediate dentin sealing improves bond strength of indirect restorations. J Prosthet Dent. 2005;94:511-9.
  • 43. Janiga AM. The endocrown: a unique method for restoring endodontically treated teeth. Gen Dent 2021;69:52-5.
  • 44. Ang Y and Tew IM. Conservative management of extensively damaged endodontically treated tooth using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing-based hybrid-ceramic endocrown: A clinical report. J Conserv Dent. 2020;23:644.
  • 45. Deulkar PV, Bane SP, Rathi NV, et al. Rehabilitation of Traumatised Maxillary Anterior Teeth in Children Using Endocrown: A Case Series. Cureus 2022;14.
  • 46. Skalskyi V, Makeev V, Stankevych O, et al. Features of fracture of prosthetic tooth-endocrown constructions by means of acoustic emission analysis. Dent Mater 2018;34:e46-e55.
  • 47. Zheng Z, Sun J, Jiang L, et al. Influence of margin design and restorative material on the stress distribution of endocrowns: a 3D finite element analysis. BMC Oral Health 2022;22:1-12.
  • 48. Zarone F, Di Mauro MI, Ausiello P, et al. Current status on lithium disilicate and zirconia: a narrative review. BMC Oral Health 2019;19:1-14.
  • 49. He J, Zheng Z, Wu M, et al. Influence of restorative material and cement on the stress distribution of endocrowns: 3D finite element analysis. BMC Oral Health 2021;21:1-9.
  • 50. Hassouneh L, Jum’ah AA, Ferrari M, et al. Post-fatigue fracture resistance of premolar teeth restored with endocrowns: An in vitro investigation. J Dent 2020;100:103426.
  • 51. Altier M, Erol F, Yıldırım G, et al. Fracture resistance and failure modes of lithium disilicate or composite endocrowns. Niger J Clin Pract 2018; 21:821-6.
  • 52. Gregor L, Bouillaguet S, Onisor I, et al. Microhardness of light-and dual-polymerizable luting resins polymerized through 7.5-mm-thick endocrowns. J Prosthet Dent 2014;112:942-8.
  • 53. Müller JA, Rohr N and Fischer J. Evaluation of ISO 4049: water sorption and water solubility of resin cements. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 2017;125:141-50.
  • 54. Beji Vijayakumar J, Varadan P, Balaji L, et al. Fracture resistance of resin based and lithium disilicate endocrowns. Which is better?–A systematic review of in-vitro studies. Biomater Investig Dent 2021;8:104-11.
  • 55. Zoidis P, Bakiri E and Polyzois G. Using modified polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as an alternative material for endocrown restorations: A short-term clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2017;117: 335-9.
  • 56. Cheng X, Zhang X-y and Qian W-h. Influence of different base materials and thicknesses on the fracture resistance of endocrown: A three-dimensional finite element analysis. BMC Oral Health 2022;22:363.

Endokuron Restorasyonlar

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 126 - 132, 28.08.2023

Öz

Koronal dokuları aşırı derecede hasar görmüş dişlerde, endodontik tedavi uygulanmış dişlerin restorasyonu klinik bir zorluktur. Geleneksel tedavi yaklaşımı bu dişler için kök kanal postundan destek alan bir kor yapı üzerine uygulanan kuron restorasyonlardır. Ancak post boşluğu hazırlamada karşılaşılan zorluklar alternatif tedavi seçeneklerinin geliştirilmesine neden olmuştur. Endokuron restorasyonlar; kor yapıyı kuron restorasyonla bir araya getiren makro ve mikromekanik tutuculuğa sahip monoblok yapıda restorasyonlardır. Endokuron restorasyonlar, çürük ve madde kaybı dikkate alınarak tasarlanan kavitelere uygulanır. Sınırlı interoklüzal mesafe, yetersiz klinik kron ve yüksük uzunluğu olan dişlerin restorasyonu için endikedir. Endokuronlar, kısa veya kavisli kökler, kalsifiye veya dar kök kanalları, kök kanalında kırık alet varlığı gibi intraradiküler postların kullanımına ilişkin sınırlamalara çözüm olabilir. Endokron restorasyonlar sayesinde kök dentininde preperasyon yapılmayacağından kök dentinin kontaminasyonu önlenmiş olur ayrıca oluşabilecek komplikasyonların da önüne geçilmiş olur. Ayrıca restorasyonun supragingival bitirilmesi de birçok avantajı beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu derlemede endokuron restorasyonlar tanıtılmış endokuron restorasyonları inceleyen güncel çalışmaların bildirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Kanat-Ertürk B, Saridağ S, Köseler E, et al. Fracture strengths of endocrown restorations fabricated with different preparation depths and CAD/CAM materials. Dent Mater J. 2018;37:256-65.
  • 2. Reeh ES, Messer HH and Douglas WH. Reduction in tooth stiffness as a result of endodontic and restorative procedures. J Endod. 1989;15: 512-6.
  • 3. Tribst JPM, Dal Piva AMdO, Madruga CFL, et al. Endocrown restorations: Influence of dental remnant and restorative material on stress distribution. Dent Mater. 2018;34:1466-73.
  • 4. Gianluca P, Luigi T, Nicola M, et al. Symmetry of Root and Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary and Mandibular Molars in a White Population: A Cone-beam Computed Tomography Study In Vivo. J Endod. 2013;39:1545-8.
  • 5. Pissis P. Fabrication of a metal-free ceramic restoration utilizing the monobloc technique. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent. 1995;7:83-94.
  • 6. Bindl A and Mörmann WH. Clinical evaluation of adhesively placed Cerec endo-crowns after 2 years-preliminary results. J Adhes Dent.1999; 1.
  • 7. Lise DP, Van Ende A, De Munck J, et al. Biomechanical behavior of endodontically treated premolars using different preparation designs and CAD/CAM materials. J Dent. 2017;59:54-61.
  • 8. Dietschi D, Duc O, Krejci I, et al. Biomechanical considerations for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth: a systematic review of the literature, Part II (Evaluation of fatigue behavior, interfaces, and in vivo studies). Quintessence international 2008;39.
  • 9. Zarone F, Sorrentino R, Apicella D, et al. Evaluation of the biomechanical behavior of maxillary central incisors restored by means of endocrowns compared to a natural tooth: a 3D static linear finite elements analysis. Dent Mater. 2006;22:1035-44.
  • 10. Lin C-L, Chang Y-H and Pai C-A. Evaluation of failure risks in ceramic restorations for endodontically treated premolar with MOD preparation. Dent Mater. 2011;27:431-8.
  • 11. Mordohai N, Reshad M and Jivraj SA. To extract or not to extract? Factors that affect individual tooth prognosis. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2005;33:319-28.
  • 12. Bindl A, Richter B and Mörmann WH. Survival of ceramic computer-aided design/manufacturing crowns bonded to preparations with reduced macroretention geometry. Int J Prosthodont. 2005; 18.
  • 13. Dartora NR, de Conto Ferreira MB, Moris ICM, et al. Effect of intracoronal depth of teeth restored with endocrowns on fracture resistance: in vitro and 3-dimensional finite element analysis. J Endod. 2018;44:1179-85.
  • 14. Sevimli G, Cengiz S and Oruc MS. Endocrowns. J Istanbul Univ Fac Dent. 2015; 49: 57.
  • 15. Dejak B and Młotkowski A. Strength comparison of anterior teeth restored with ceramic endocrowns vs custom-made post and cores. J. Prosthodont. Res. 2018;62:171-6.
  • 16. Lin J, Lin Z and Zheng Z. Effect of different restorative crown design and materials on stress distribution in endodontically treated molars: a finite element analysis study. BMC Oral Health 2020;20:1-8.
  • 17. El-Damanhoury HM, Haj-Ali RN and Platt JA. Fracture resistance and microleakage of endocrowns utilizing three CAD-CAM blocks. Oper Dent 2015;40: 201-10.
  • 18. Carvalho MAd, Lazari PC, Gresnigt M, et al. Current options concerning the endodontically-treated teeth restoration with the adhesive approach. Brazilian Oral Res. 2018; 32.
  • 19. Rocca GT, Saratti CM, Poncet A, et al. The influence of RCs reinforcement on marginal adaptation of CAD/CAM composite resin endocrowns after simulated fatigue loading. Odontology 2016;104: 220-32.
  • 20. Robbins JW. Restoration of the endodontically treated tooth. Dental Clinics 2002;46:367-84.
  • 21. Fages M and Bennasar B. The endocrown: a different type of all-ceramic reconstruction for molars. J Can Dent Assoc 2013; 79: d140.
  • 22. Dejak B and Młotkowski A. 3D-Finite element analysis of molars restored with endocrowns and posts during masticatory simulation. Dent Mater 2013;29: e309-e17.
  • 23. Bozkurt DA, Buyukerkmen EB and Terlemez A. Comparison of the pull-out bond strength of endodontically treated anterior teeth with monolithic zirconia endocrown and post-and-core crown restorations. J Oral Sci 2023;65: 1-5.
  • 24. Edelhoff D and Sorensen JA. Tooth structure removal associated with various preparation designs for anterior teeth. J Prosthet Dent 2002; 87:503-9.
  • 25. Mörmann WH, Bindl A, Lüthy H, et al. Effects of preparation and luting system on all-ceramic computer-generated crowns. Int J Prosthodont 1998; 11.
  • 26. Biacchi GR, Mello B and Basting RT. The endocrown: an alternative approach for restoring extensively damaged molars. J Esthet Restor Dent 2013;25:383-90.
  • 27. Al-Dabbagh RA. Survival and success of endocrowns: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 125: 415. e411-415. e419.
  • 28. Shams A, Elsherbini M, Elsherbiny AA, et al. Rehabilitation of severely-destructed endodontically treated premolar teeth with novel endocrown system: Biomechanical behavior assessment through 3D finite element and in vitro analyses. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 126: 105031.
  • 29. Zardoni JLC, de León Flores MA, Fierro NC, et al. Indications for the use of endocrowns, design and selection of materials: Literature review. 2023.
  • 30. Zhu J, Rong Q, Wang X, et al. Influence of remaining tooth structure and restorative material type on stress distribution in endodontically treated maxillary premolars: A finite element analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2017;117:646-55.
  • 31. Atash R, Arab M, Duterme H, et al. Comparison of resistance to fracture between three types of permanent restorations subjected to shear force: An in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2017;17:239.
  • 32. Sedrez-Porto JA, da Rosa WLdO, da Silva AF, et al. Endocrown restorations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2016;52:8-14.
  • 33. Rocca GT and Krejci I. Crown and post-free adhesive restorations for endodontically treated posterior teeth: from direct composite to endocrowns. Eur J Esthet Dent 2013;8:156-79.
  • 34. Belleflamme MM, Geerts SO, Louwette MM, et al. No post-no core approach to restore severely damaged posterior teeth: An up to 10-year retrospective study of documented endocrown cases. J Dent 2017;63:1-7.
  • 35. Biacchi G and Basting R. Comparison of fracture strength of endocrowns and glass fiber post-retained conventional crowns. Oper Dent 2012;37:130-6.
  • 36. Einhorn M, DuVall N, Wajdowicz M, et al. Preparation ferrule design effect on endocrown failure resistance. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 28: e237-e42.
  • 37. Barallat L, Arregui M, Fernandez-Villar S, et al. Fracture Resistance in Non-Vital Teeth: Absence of Interproximal Ferrule and Influence of Preparation Depth in CAD/CAM Endocrown Overlays—An In Vitro Study. Materials 2022;15:436.
  • 38. Ghajghouj O and Taşar-Faruk S. Evaluation of fracture resistance and microleakage of endocrowns with different intracoronal depths and restorative materials luted with various resin cements. Materials 2019;12: 2528.
  • 39. Magne P and Knezevic A. Thickness of CAD–CAM composite resin overlays influences fatigue resistance of endodontically treated premolars. Dent Mater 2009;25:1264-68.
  • 40. Ghoul WE, Özcan M, Tribst JPM, et al. Fracture resistance, failure mode and stress concentration in a modified endocrown design. Biomater Investig Dent. 2020;7:110-9.
  • 41. Perdigão J. Dentin bonding—Variables related to the clinical situation and the substrate treatment. Dent Mater 2010;26:e24-e37.
  • 42. Magne P, Kim TH, Cascione D, et al. Immediate dentin sealing improves bond strength of indirect restorations. J Prosthet Dent. 2005;94:511-9.
  • 43. Janiga AM. The endocrown: a unique method for restoring endodontically treated teeth. Gen Dent 2021;69:52-5.
  • 44. Ang Y and Tew IM. Conservative management of extensively damaged endodontically treated tooth using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing-based hybrid-ceramic endocrown: A clinical report. J Conserv Dent. 2020;23:644.
  • 45. Deulkar PV, Bane SP, Rathi NV, et al. Rehabilitation of Traumatised Maxillary Anterior Teeth in Children Using Endocrown: A Case Series. Cureus 2022;14.
  • 46. Skalskyi V, Makeev V, Stankevych O, et al. Features of fracture of prosthetic tooth-endocrown constructions by means of acoustic emission analysis. Dent Mater 2018;34:e46-e55.
  • 47. Zheng Z, Sun J, Jiang L, et al. Influence of margin design and restorative material on the stress distribution of endocrowns: a 3D finite element analysis. BMC Oral Health 2022;22:1-12.
  • 48. Zarone F, Di Mauro MI, Ausiello P, et al. Current status on lithium disilicate and zirconia: a narrative review. BMC Oral Health 2019;19:1-14.
  • 49. He J, Zheng Z, Wu M, et al. Influence of restorative material and cement on the stress distribution of endocrowns: 3D finite element analysis. BMC Oral Health 2021;21:1-9.
  • 50. Hassouneh L, Jum’ah AA, Ferrari M, et al. Post-fatigue fracture resistance of premolar teeth restored with endocrowns: An in vitro investigation. J Dent 2020;100:103426.
  • 51. Altier M, Erol F, Yıldırım G, et al. Fracture resistance and failure modes of lithium disilicate or composite endocrowns. Niger J Clin Pract 2018; 21:821-6.
  • 52. Gregor L, Bouillaguet S, Onisor I, et al. Microhardness of light-and dual-polymerizable luting resins polymerized through 7.5-mm-thick endocrowns. J Prosthet Dent 2014;112:942-8.
  • 53. Müller JA, Rohr N and Fischer J. Evaluation of ISO 4049: water sorption and water solubility of resin cements. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 2017;125:141-50.
  • 54. Beji Vijayakumar J, Varadan P, Balaji L, et al. Fracture resistance of resin based and lithium disilicate endocrowns. Which is better?–A systematic review of in-vitro studies. Biomater Investig Dent 2021;8:104-11.
  • 55. Zoidis P, Bakiri E and Polyzois G. Using modified polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as an alternative material for endocrown restorations: A short-term clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2017;117: 335-9.
  • 56. Cheng X, Zhang X-y and Qian W-h. Influence of different base materials and thicknesses on the fracture resistance of endocrown: A three-dimensional finite element analysis. BMC Oral Health 2022;22:363.
Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Diş Hekimliği
Bölüm DERLEME
Yazarlar

Ömer Faruk Turanoğlu 0000-0003-1592-4006

Seda Turanoğlu 0000-0003-0628-4019

Esra Talay Çevlik 0000-0002-8898-6710

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Ağustos 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Mart 2023
Kabul Tarihi 9 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Turanoğlu ÖF, Turanoğlu S, Talay Çevlik E. Endokuron Restorasyonlar. NEU Dent J. 2023;5(2):126-32.