CAD-CAM Ve Konvansiyonel Akrilik Rezinlerin Candida Albicans Tutulumuna Çay Ağacı Yağının Etkisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 179 - 187, 27.12.2023

Seda Üstün Aladağ , Elif Aydoğan Ayaz

https://doi.org/10.51122/neudentj.2023.75

Öz

Amaç: Isı ile polimerize polimetil metakrilat (PMMA) ve bilgisayar destekli tasarım ve üretim (CAD-CAM) ile millenebilen PMMA yüzeylerinde Candida albicans oluşumuna, temizleme tableti (COR) ve çay ağacı yağı (CY) solüsyonlarının etkisini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Isı ile polimerize PMMA ve CAD-CAM PMMA kullanılarak 60 adet örnek hazırlandı. Örnekler oda sıcaklığında nötr pH’taki yapay tükürükte 24 saat bekletildi. Candida albicans sabouraud dekstroz agarda 37℃’de 48 saat inkübe edilip çoğaltıldı. Örnekler mikroorganizma ekiminin ardından, distile suda (K), COR ve CY solüsyonlarında bekletilmek üzere 3 alt gruba ayrıldı (n=10). COR ve CY örnekleri solüsyonlarda 5 dakika bekletildi. Son solüsyon üzerinden kolonilerin sayımı tamamlandı. Colony Forming Unit formülüyle hesaplama yapıldı. Verilerin analizinde Shapiro-Wilk, İki yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve Bonferroni testleri kullanıldı (P<0.05).
Bulgular: Koloni sayımına göre en yüksek ortalama değer ısı ile polimerize PMMA’ya ait K grubunda, ardından COR grubunda görüldü. En düşük ortalama değer CAD-CAM PMMA’ya ait CY grubunda izlendi. Isı ile polimerize PMMA’ya ait CY grubunda koloni oluşumu, K ve COR grubuna kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde daha azdı (P<0.05).
Sonuç: CAD-CAM PMMA yüzeyinde koloni oluşumu daha az olduğundan özellikle protez stomatitine yatkın bireylerde kullanılabilir. Protez yüzeylerinde koloni oluşumunu COR veya CY ile hazırlanmış solüsyonlar azaltabilir. CY solüsyonları protez temizliğinde doğal bir yöntem olarak tercih edilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bilgisayar yardımlı tasarım, Polimetil metakrilat, Candida albicans, Çay ağacı yağı

Effect of Tea Tree Oil on Candida Albicans Retention of CAD-CAM and Conventional Acrylic Resins

Öz

Aim: To evaluate the effect of cleansing tablet (COR) and tea tree oil (CY) solutions on the formation of Candida albicans on heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and Computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD-CAM) millable PMMA surfaces.
Material and Methods: 60 samples were prepared using heat-polymerized PMMA and CAD-CAM PMMA. The samples kept in artifi-cial saliva at neutral pH at room temperature for 24 hours. Candida albicans was grown by incubating on sabouraud dextrose agar at 37°C for 48 hours. After the microorganism cultivation, the samples were divided into 3 subgroups and kept in distilled water (K), COR and CY solutions (n=10). COR and CY samples were kept in solutions for 5 minutes. Counting of colonies was completed on the last solution. Calculation was made with the Colony Forming Unit formula. Shapiro-Wilk, Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni tests were used for data analysis (P<0.05).
Results: According to the colony count, the highest mean value was seen in the K group of heat-polymerized PMMA, followed by the COR group. The lowest mean value was observed in the CY group of CAD-CAM PMMA. Colony formation was significantly less in the CY group of heat-polymerized PMMA compared to the K and COR groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Since colony formation is less on the CAD-CAM PMMA surface, it can be used especially in individuals prone to denture stomatitis. Solutions prepared with COR or CY can reduce colony formation on denture surfaces.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Computer-aided design, Polymethyl methacrylate, Candida albicans, Tea tree oil

Kaynakça

• 1. Singh S, Palaskar JN, Mittal S. Comparative evaluation of surface porosities in conventional heat polymeri-zed acrylic resin cured by water bath and microwave energy with microwavable acrylic resin cured by microwave energy. Contemp Clin Dent. 2013;4:147-51.
• 2. Gungor H, Gundogdu M, Duymus ZY. Investigation of the effect of different polishing techniques on the sur-face roughness of denture base and repair materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2014;112:1271-7.
• 3. Köroğlu A, Şahin O, Dede DÖ, Deniz ŞT, Karacan Se-ver N, Özkan S. Efficacy of denture cleaners on the surface roughness and Candida albicans adherence of sealant agent coupled denture base materials. Dent Mater J. 2016;35:810-6.
• 4. Alp G, Johnston WM, Yilmaz B. Optical properties and surface roughness of prepolymerized poly(methyl methacrylate) denture base materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;121:347-52.
• 5. Dayan C, Guven MC, Gencel B, Bural C. A Comparison of the color stability of conventional and CAD/CAM polymethyl methacrylate denture base materials. Ac-ta Stomatol Croat. 2019;53:158-67.
• 6. Srinivasan M, Gjengedal H, Cattani-Lorente M, Mous-sa M, Durual S, Schimmel M, et al. CAD/CAM milled complete removable dental prostheses: An in vitro evaluation of biocompatibility, mechanical proper-ties, and surface roughness. Dent Mater J. 2018;37:526-33.
• 7. Ayman AD. The residual monomer content and mec-hanical properties of CAD/CAM resins used in the fabrication of complete dentures as compared to heat cured resins. Electron Physician. 2017;9:4766-72.
• 8. Murakami N, Wakabayashi N, Matsushima R, Kishida A, Igarashi Y. Effect of high-pressure polymerization on mechanical properties of PMMA denture base re-sin. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2013;20:98-104.
• 9. de Oliveira Limírio JPJ, Gomes JML, Alves Rezende MCR, Lemos CAA, Rosa CDDRD, Pellizzer EP. Mecha-nical properties of polymethyl methacrylate as a den-ture base: Conventional versus CAD-CAM resin – A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro stu-dies. J Prosthet Dent. 2022;128:1221-9.
• 10. Infante L, Yilmaz B, McGlumphy E, Finger I. Fabrica-ting complete dentures with CAD/CAM technology. J Prosthet Dent. 2014;111:351-5.
• 11. Prpić V, Schauperl Z, Ćatić A, Dulčić N, Čimić S. Com-parison of mechanical properties of 3D-Printed, CAD/CAM, and conventional denture base materials. J Prosthodont. 2020;29:524-8.
• 12. Chang YH, Lee CY, Hsu MS, DU JK, Chen KK, Wu JH. Effect of toothbrush/dentifrice abrasion on weight variation, surface roughness, surface morphology and hardness of conventional and CAD/CAM denture base materials. Dent Mater J. 2021;40:220-7.
• 13. Baba Y, Sato Y, Owada G, Minakuchi S. Effectiveness of a combination denture-cleaning method versus a mechanical method: comparison of denture cleanli-ness, patient satisfaction, and oral health-related qua-lity of life. J Prosthodont Res. 2018;62:353-8.
• 14. Gendreau L, Loewy ZG. Epidemiology and etiology of denture stomatitis. J Prosthodont. 2011;20:251-60.
• 15. Nalbant AD, Kalkancı A, Filiz B, Kustimur S. Effecti-veness of different cleaning agents against the coloni-zation of Candida spp and the in vitro detection of the adherence of these yeast cells to denture acrylic sur-faces. Yonsei Med J. 2008;49:647-54.
• 16. Budtz-Jörgensen E. Etiology, pathogenesis, therapy, and prophylaxis of oral yeast infections. Acta Odon-tol Scand. 1990;48:61-9.
• 17. Zegarelli DJ. Fungal infections of the oral cavity. Oto-laryngol Clin North Am. 1993;26:1069-89.
• 18. Durkan R, Ayaz EA, Bagis B, Gurbuz A, Ozturk N, Korkmaz FM. Comparative effects of denture clean-sers on physical properties of polyamide and poly-methyl methacrylate base polymers. Dent Mater J. 2013;32:367-75.
• 19. da Silva FC, Kimpara ET, Mancini MN, Balducci I, Jor-ge AO, Koga-Ito CY. Effectiveness of six different di-sinfectants on removing five microbial species and effects on the topographic characteristics of acrylic resin. J Prosthodont. 2008;17:627-33.
• 20. Ayaz EA, Ustun S. Effect of staining and denture clea-ning on color stability of differently polymerized denture base acrylic resins. Niger J Clin Pract. 2020;23:304-9.
• 21. Martins KV, de Lacerda Gontijo SL. Treatment of den-ture stomatitis: Literature review. Rev Bras Odontol. 2017;74:215-20.
• 22. Gad MM, Fouda SM. Current perspectives and the fu-ture of Candida albicans-associated denture stomati-tis treatment. Dent Med Probl. 2020;57:95-102.
• 23. Dalwai S, Rodrigues SJ, Baliga S, Shenoy VK, Shetty TB, Pai UY, et al. Comparative evaluation of antifungal action of tea tree oil, chlorhexidine gluconate and flu-conazole on heat polymerized acrylic denture base resin - an in vitro study. Gerodontology. 2016;33:402-9.
• 24. Al-Mashhadane FAM. Tea tree oil: A new antifungal agents against Candida albicans cells on heat cured acrylic resin denture base material. An in vitro study. Al-Rafiadain Dent J. 2007;7:54-7.
• 25. Pachava KR, Nadendla LK, Alluri LS, Tahseen H, Sajja NP. In vitro antifungal evaluation of denture soft liner incorporated with tea tree oil: a new therapeutic app-roach towards denture stomatitis. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9:62-4.
• 26. Noumi E, Mejdi S, Bakhrouf A. In vitro effect of Me-laleuca alternifolia and Eucalyptus globulus essential oils on mycelia formation by oral Candida albicans strains. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2010;4:1332-6.
• 27. Shukur BN, Ahmed SM, Al-Aaloosi SRA. Evaluation of anti Candida effect of Melaleuca alternifolia on heat cured acrylic resin. Int J Med Res Health Sci. 2019;8:59-63.
• 28. Mertas A, Garbusińska A, Szliszka E, Jureczko A, Kowalska M, Król W. The influence of tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) on fluconazole activity aga-inst fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strains. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:590470.
• 29. Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV. Antifungal activity of the components of Melaleuca alternifolia oil. J Appl Microbiol. 2003;95:853-60.
• 30. J Pytko-Polonczyk J, Jakubik A, Przeklasa-Bierowiec A, Muszynska B. Artificial saliva and its use in biolo-gical experiments. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2017;68:807-13.
• 31. Sutton S. Microbiology Topics. Measurement of mic-robial cells by optical density. J Valid Tech. 2011;17:46-9.
• 32. Taylor RL, Verran J, Lees GC, Ward AJ. The influence of substratum topography on bacterial adhesion to polymethyl methacrylate. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 1998;9:17-22.
• 33. Quirynen M, Marechal M, Busscher HJ, Weerkamp AH, Darius PL, van Steenberghe D. The influence of surface free energy and surface roughness on early plaque formation. An in vivo study in man. J Clin Pe-riodontol. 1990;17:138-44.
• 34. Murat S, Alp G, Alatalı C, Uzun M. In vitro evaluation of adhesion of Candida albicans on CAD/CAM PMMA-based polymers. J Prosthodont .2019;28:873-9.
• 35. Anusavice KJ. Phillips’ Science of Dental Materials. 11 ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders; 2003. 832 p.
• 36. Urban VM, Machado AL, Oliveira RV, Vergani CE, Pa-varina AC, Cass QB. Residual monomer of reline acry-lic resins. Effect of water-bath and microwave post-polymerization treatments. Dent Mater. 2007;23:363-8.
• 37. Spartalis GK, Cappelletti LK, Schoeffel AC, Michél MD, Pegoraro TA, Arrais CA, et al. Effect of conventional water-bath and experimental microwave polymeriza-tion cycles on the flexural properties of denture base acrylic resins. Dent Mater J. 2015;34:623-8.
• 38. Bidra AS, Taylor TD, Agar JR. Computer-aided techno-logy for fabricating complete dentures: systematic review of historical background, current status, and future perspectives. J Prosthet Dent. 2013;109:361-6.
• 39. Paranhos HF, Silva-Lovato CH, de Souza RF, Cruz PC, de Freitas-Pontes KM, Watanabe E, Ito IY. Effect of three methods for cleaning dentures on biofilms for-med in vitro on acrylic resin. J Prosthodont. 2009;18:427-31.
• 40. Peracini A, Davi LR, de Queiroz Ribeiro N, de Souza RF, Lovato da Silva CH, de Freitas Oliveira Paranhos H. Effect of denture cleansers on physical properties of heat-polymerized acrylic resin. J Prosthodont Res. 2010;54:78-88.
• 41. Nakamoto K, Tamamoto M, Hamada T. Evaluation of denture cleansers with and without enzymes against Candida albicans. J Prosthet Dent. 1991;66:792-5.
• 42. de Freitas Fernandes FS, Pereira-Cenci T, da Silva WJ, Filho AP, Straioto FG, Del Bel Cury AA. Efficacy of denture cleansers on Candida spp. biofilm formed on polyamide and polymethyl methacrylate resins. J Prosthet Dent. 2011;105:51-8.
• 43. Mondello F, De Bernardis F, Girolamo A, Cassone A, Salvatore G. In vivo activity of terpinen-4-ol, the main bioactive component of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel (tea tree) oil against azole-susceptible and -resistant human pathogenic Candida species. BMC Infect Dis. 2006;6:158.
• 44. Traboulsi RS, Mukherjee PK, Ghannoum MA. In vitro activity of inexpensive topical alternatives against Candida spp. isolated from the oral cavity of HIV-infected patients. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2008;31:272-6. 45. Carson CF, Hammer KA, Riley TV. Melaleuca alterni-folia (Tea Tree) oil: a review of antimicrobial and ot-her medicinal properties. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19:50-62.
• 46. Noumi E, Mejdi S, Aouni M. In vitro activity of Me-laleuca alternifolia (Tea tree) and Eucalyptus globu-lus essential oils on oral Candida biofilm formation on polymethylmethacrylate. J. Med. Plant Res. 2013;7:1461-6. 47. Porwal A, Khandelwal M, Punia V, Sharma V. Effect of denture cleansers on color stability, surface rough-ness, and hardness of different denture base resins. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2017;17:61-7.
• 48. Al-Thobity AM, Gad M, ArRejaie A, Alnassar T, Al-Khalifa KS. Impact of denture cleansing solution im-mersion on some properties of different denture base materials: an in vitro study. J Prosthodont. 2019;28:913-9.
• 49. Ozyilmaz OY, Akin C. Effect of cleansers on denture base resins' structural properties. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater. 2019;17:2280800019827797.
• 50. Hong G, Murata H, Li Y, Sadamori S, Hamada T. Influ-ence of denture cleansers on the color stability of three types of denture base acrylic resin. J Prosthet Dent. 2009;101:205‑13.