Improving Expropriation Management via QGIS: A SWOT-based Digital Approach in North Macedonia

Edmond Jonuzi; Ömer Faruk Atiz; Hüseyin Zahit Selvi; Süleyman Savaş Durduran

doi:10.47112/neufmbd.2026.111

EN TR

Improving Expropriation Management via QGIS: A SWOT-based Digital Approach in North Macedonia

Öz

This study aims to investigate the potential of open-source geospatial technologies to facilitate the transformation of expropriation management from traditional, paper-based workflows to an integrated digital framework. In many developing countries, including North Macedonia, the absence of comprehensive digital systems to support expropriation processes has resulted in inefficiencies, data inconsistencies, administrative bottlenecks, procedural delays, and a lack of transparency. By employing QGIS, Google Earth Pro, and the national Portal for E-Services (E-Uslugi Katastar), the research proposes a digital transformation model aimed at enhancing the efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of expropriation procedures. Utilizing a representative expropriation case study, with specific reference to the Polog Region of North Macedonia, the analysis incorporates both SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) and TOWS (Threats, Opportunities, Weaknesses and Strengths) Matrix methodologies to critically assess the feasibility and strategic implications of adopting open-source geospatial solutions. The results highlight the capacity of these tools to support advanced spatial analysis, improve cartographic visualization through high-resolution satellite imagery, and provide real-time access to cadastral datasets, thereby strengthening the operational framework of expropriation management. The study advocates for the establishment of a fully integrated Expropriation Information System in North Macedonia and positions Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a pivotal instrument for advancing digital transformation within the broader context of land governance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Digital Transformation, GIS, Land Expropriation, SWOT Analysis, TOWS Matrix

Teşekkür

We extend our gratitude to QGIS, Google Earth Pro, and the Portal for E-Services (E-Uslugi Katastar, North Macedonia) of the Cadastre in North Macedonia for providing essential digital tools that significantly contributed to the analysis, visualization, and management of spatial data in this study.

QGIS ile Kamulaştırma Yönetiminin İyileştirilmesi: Kuzey Makedonya'da SWOT Tabanlı Dijital Bir Yaklaşım

Öz

Bu çalışma, kamulaştırma yönetiminin geleneksel, kağıt tabanlı iş akışlarından entegre bir dijital çerçeveye dönüşümünü kolaylaştırmak için açık kaynaklı coğrafi teknolojilerin potansiyelini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Kuzey Makedonya da dahil olmak üzere birçok gelişmekte olan ülkede, kamulaştırma süreçlerini destekleyecek kapsamlı dijital sistemlerin bulunmaması, verimsizliklere, veri tutarsızlıklarına, idari darboğazlara, prosedür gecikmelerine ve şeffaflık eksikliğine yol açmıştır. QGIS, Google Earth Pro ve ulusal E-Hizmetler Portalı (E-Uslugi Katastar) kullanılarak yapılan araştırma, kamulaştırma prosedürlerinin verimliliğini, şeffaflığını ve erişilebilirliğini artırmayı amaçlayan bir dijital dönüşüm modeli önermektedir. Kuzey Makedonya'nın Polog Bölgesi'ne özel atıfta bulunan temsili bir kamulaştırma vaka çalışması kullanılarak yapılan analiz, açık kaynaklı coğrafi çözümlerin benimsenmesinin fizibilitesini ve stratejik etkilerini eleştirel bir şekilde değerlendirmek için hem SWOT (Güçlü Yönler, Zayıf Yönler, Fırsatlar ve Tehditler) hem de TOWS (Tehditler, Fırsatlar, Zayıf Yönler ve Güçlü Yönler) Matrisi metodolojilerini içermektedir. Sonuçlar, bu araçların gelişmiş uzamsal analizi destekleme, yüksek çözünürlüklü uydu görüntüleri aracılığıyla kartografik görselleştirmeyi iyileştirme ve kadastro veri setlerine gerçek zamanlı erişim sağlama kapasitesini vurgulamakta ve böylece kamulaştırma yönetiminin operasyonel çerçevesini güçlendirmektedir. Çalışma, Kuzey Makedonya'da tam entegre bir Kamulaştırma Bilgi Sisteminin kurulmasını savunmakta ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemlerini (GIS) arazi yönetiminin daha geniş bağlamında dijital dönüşümü ilerletmek için temel bir araç olarak konumlandırmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

CBS, Dijital Dönüşüm, Kamulaştırma, SWOT Analizi, TOWS Matrisi

Kaynakça

F.J. Chehrehbargh, A. Rajabifard, B. Atazadeh, D. Steudler, B. W. Nugraha, Towards Sustainable Land Governance: Extending the LADM to Support Global Initiatives Parameters-A Case Study in Indonesia, In 12th International FIG Land Administration Domain Model & 3D Land Administration Workshop, Kuching, Malaysia, 2024.
I. Williamson, S. Enemark, J. Wallace, A. Rajabifard, Land Administration for Sustainable Development, ESRI Press Academic, Redlands, CA, 2010.
A.P. Frenț, A.C. Badea, H.P. Eng, P.I. Dragomir, Geospatial data management related to expropriation works, RevCAD Journal of Geodesy and Cadastre. (2022), 33–40.
E.V. Yarotskaya, K. V. Shumaeva, Analysis of modern GIS in land management at municipal and regional levels, Colloquium-Journal, 26 (2019), 43–45.
U.E. Chigbu, T. Bendzko, M.R. Mabakeng, E.D. Kuusaana, D.O. Tutu, Fit-for-purpose land administration from theory to practice: Three demonstrative case studies of local land administration initiatives in Africa, Land. 10 (2021) 476. doi:10.3390/land10050476.
T. Bendzko, U.E. Chigbu, A. Schopf, W.T. de Vries, Consequences of Land Tenure on Biodiversity in Arabuko Sokoke Forest Reserve in Kenya: Towards Responsible Land Management Outcomes. In: Y. Bamutaze, S. Kyamanywa, B. Singh, G. Nabanoga, R. Lal, (eds), Agriculture and Ecosystem Resilience in Sub Saharan Africa. Climate Change Management. Springer, 167-179, 2019. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-12974-3_8
U.E. Chigbu, Masculinity, men and patriarchal issues aside: How do women’s actions impede women’s access to land? Matters arising from a peri-rural community in Nigeria, Land Use Policy. 81 (2019), 39–48. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.10.033
X. Guo, Land expropriation and rural conflicts in China, The China Quarterly. 166 (2001), 422–439. doi:10.1017/S0009443901000201
E.C. M. Hui, H.J. Bao, X.L. Zhang, The policy and praxis of compensation for land expropriations in China: An appraisal from the perspective of social exclusion, Land Use Policy. 32 (2013), 309–316. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.11.004
C.C. M. Tsui, From public interest to public obligation: Compulsory land expropriation for capital reconstruction in Nationalist China, Urban History. 49 (2022), 383–400. doi:10.1017/S0963926820001005

C. Li, J. Wu, Z. Xi, W. Zhang, Farmers’ satisfaction with land expropriation system reform: A case study in China. Land. 10 (2021), 1353. doi:10.3390/land10121353
A.G. Teshafun, Expropriation challenges in large infrastructure project in rural area of Ethiopia: the case of Hamusit-Estie road project, Master's Thesis, University of Twente, Enschede, 2022.
B. Carvalhinho, R. R. Silva, J. Bernardino, A tool for better land management, Information. 11 (2020), 554. doi:10.3390/info11120554
M.A. Sayar, H. Z. Selvi, İ. Buğdaycı, Determination of Suruç Tent City Area by Analytic Hierarchy Method, Necmettin Erbakan University Journal of Science and Engineering. 1 (2019), 20–31.
T. Alkan, S.S. Durduran, Analysis of house selection process with AHP Based TOPSIS method, Necmettin Erbakan University Journal of Science and Engineering. 2 (2020), 12–21. doi:10.47112/neufmbd.2020.2
M.G. Gümüş, S. S. Durduran, Sürdürülebilir arazi yönetiminde optimal tarım arazilerinin belirlenebilmesi için çok kriterli karar destek sistemlerinin kullanımı: Beyşehir-Kaşaklı alt havzası örneği. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 9(2) (2020), 883-897.
I.R. Chowdhury, P.R. Chowdhury, Holdout and eminent domain in land acquisition, Indian Economic Review. 51 (2016), 1–19.
H. Ostadabbas, H. Weippert, F.J. Behr, Database transformation, cadastre automatic data processing in QGIS and implementation in web GIS, The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 42 (2019), 175–178. doi: 10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W14-175-2019
S.O. Babalola, I.O. Uyi, A web-based land information system, tool for online land administration in Akure Nigeria, The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 42 (2019), 137–142. doi: 10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W16-137-2019
T. Zein, Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration: An implementation model for cadastre and land administration systems, In Proceedings of the Land and Poverty Conference. Washington, DC, USA, 2016.
I. Yakubu, R.Y. Asah, Development of a GIS-Based Land Records Management: A Case Study, Ghana Journal of Technology. 7 (2023), 19–29.
M. Neupane, R. Jaiswal, R. Khati, S. Dhakal, S. Sharma, E-CAD: Web-based information service for land management, The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 42 (2019), 65–69. doi:10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-5-W3-65-2019
M.S. Dhote, U.R. Saharkar, S. Gabale, System of land records using gis – a review, International Journal of Advanced Technology in Engineering and Science. 5 (2017), 57–64.
K. Yang, M. Pan, Y. Luo, K. Chen, Y. Zhao, X. Zhou, A time-series analysis of urbanization-induced impervious surface area extent in the Dianchi Lake watershed from 1988–2017, International Journal of Remote Sensing. 40 (2019), 573–592.
K. Yang, Z. Yu, Y. Luo, Y. Yang, L. Zhao, X. Zhou, Spatial and temporal variations in the relationship between lake water surface temperatures and water quality-A case study of Dianchi Lake, Science of the Total Environment. 624 (2018), 859–871. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.119
V. Burja, A. Tamas-Szora, I.B. Dobra, Land concentration, land grabbing and sustainable development of agriculture in Romania, Sustainability. 12 (2020), 2137. doi: 10.3390/su12052137.
M. Pejović, Z. Gospavić, B. Milovanović, I. Arsić, Solving a surveying problem by using R and QGIS: Setting out of a land expropriation zone, Geonauka. 2 (2014), 12–18.
S. Smajić, A. Kadušić, A. Omerović, M. Kovačević, GIS analysis of landscape topography transformation of the open pit "Grivice" (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Journal for Geography. 15(2) (2020), 33-50.
A. Karabegovic, M. Ponjavic, E. Ferhatbegovic, E. Karabegovic, Spatial data and processes integration in local governance of Bosnia and Herzegovina, In 2018 41st International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO), IEEE, 2018, 1298-1303.
M.A. Kamal, City planning and development using geographic information systems, In 2008 11th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, IEEE, 2008, 31-35.
S. Ključanin, B. Sarajevo, M. Ponjavić, A. Karabegović, Geoportals in Bosnia and Herzegovina as segments of NSDI, In INSPIRE and integrated land and water management scientific workshop, Sibenik, Croatia, 2013.
Y. Kuka, P. Ameti, B. Ajvazi, M. Sylka, Development of nationally standardized application for land expropriation in Kosovo, In 5th International Conference on Cartography & GIS, Riviera, Bulgaria, 2014.
A. Besim, Modelling and integration of geospatial analytical functions for decision making, Doctoral dissertation, 2023.
M. Meha, B. Rexha, I. Shala, B. Dragusha, Using geographical information system for implementing resettlement strategies in mining areas in Kosovo, WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications. 8(1) (2011), 18-27.
M. Held, Digitalization of procedures in spatial planning and construction law in Croatia, EU and comparative law issues and challenges series (ECLIC). 7 (2023), 243-270.
J. Lisjak, M. Roić, H. Tomić, S. Mastelić Ivić, Croatian LADM profile extension for state-owned agricultural land management, Land. 10(2) (2021), 222.
J.Ž. Miljković, V. Popović, Land use regulation and property rights regime over land in Serbia, Spatium. (2014), 22-27.
M. Prica, Expropriation in a material sense, Зборник радова Правног факултета у Нишу. (89) (2020), 139-160.
S. Khan, K. Mohiuddin, Evaluating the parameters of ArcGIS and QGIS for GIS Applications, International Journal of Advance Research in Science and Engineering. 7 (2018), 582–594.
N. Moyroud, F. Portet, Introduction to QGIS, In: N. Baghdadi, C. Mallet, M. Zribi (eds), QGIS and Generic Tools, Wiley, 1–17, 2018. doi:10.1002/9781119457091.ch1
K. Menke, R. Smith, L. Pirelli, J. V. Hoesen, Mastering QGIS, Packt Publishing Ltd, Birmingham 2016.
E. Jonuzi, H.Z. Selvi, Compiling and designing maps for primary school pupils based on children's cognitive development: A case study of North Macedonia, Turkish Journal of Geographic Information Systems. 6 (2024), 1–13. doi:10.56130/tucbis.1361260
B. Tuul, GIS based land information system for Mandal Soum, Selenge Aimag of Mongolia, in: ISPRS Mid-Term Symposium Commission VI, Enschede, Netherlands, 2010.
T.W.S. Warnasuriya, M.P. Kumara, S.S. Gunasekara, K. Gunaalan, R.M.R.M. Jayathilaka, An improved method to detect shoreline changes in small-scale beaches using Google Earth Pro, Marine Geodesy. 43 (2020), 541–572. doi:10.1080/01490419.2020.1822478.
B.T. Taylor, P. Fernando, A.E. Bauman, A. Williamson, J.C. Craig, S. Redman, Measuring the quality of public open space using Google Earth, American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 40 (2011), 105–112.
K.W. Glaister, J.R. Falshaw, Strategic planning: still going strong?, Long Range Planning. 32 (1999), 107–116.
R.W. Puyt, F.B. Lie, C.P. Wilderom, The origins of SWOT analysis, Long Range Planning. 56 (2023), 102304.
D. Leigh, SWOT analysis, In: K. H. Silber, W. R. Foshay, R. Watkins, D. Leigh, J. L. Moseley, J. C. Dessinger (Eds), Handbook of Improving Performance in the Workplace: Volumes 1–3, Wiley, 2009: pp. 115-140,. doi:10.1002/9780470592663.ch24
T. Sammut‐Bonnici, D. Galea, SWOT analysis, Wiley Encyclopedia of Management, 2015, 1–8.
M.M. Helms, J. Nixon, Exploring SWOT analysis–where are we now? A review of academic research from the last decade, Journal of Strategy and Management. 3 (2010), 215–251. doi: 10.1108/17554251011064837
J. Sandberg, H. Tsoukas, Grasping the logic of practice: Theorizing through practical rationality, Academy of Management Review. 36 (2011), 338–360. doi: 10.5465/amr.2009.0183
R. Suddaby, C. Hardy, Q.N. Huy, Introduction to special topic forum: Where are the new theories of organization?, Academy of Management Review. 36 (2011), 236–246. doi: 10.5465/amr.36.2.zok236
B. Üsdiken, M. Kipping, L. Engwall, Professional school obsession: An enduring yet shifting rhetoric by US business schools, Academy of Management Learning & Education. 20 (2021), 442–458. doi:10.5465/amle.2020.0109.
D.J. Collis, Why do so many strategies fail, Harvard Business Review. 99 (2021), 82–93.
A.N.A. Rozmi, The perception of ICT adoption in small medium enterprise: A SWOT analysis, International Journal of Innovation and Business Strategy (IJIBS). 9 (2018), 69–79.
Y. Wu, The marketing strategies of IKEA in China using tools of PESTEL, five forces model and SWOT analysis, In International Academic Conference on Frontiers in Social Sciences and Management Innovation (IAFSM 2019), Beijing, China, 2019. doi:10.2991/assehr.k.200207.054
M.A. Benzaghta, A. Elwalda, M.M. Mousa, I. Erkan, M. Rahman, SWOT analysis applications: An integrative literature review, Journal of Global Business Insights. 6 (2021), 55–73. doi: 10.5038/2640-6489.6.1.1148
BB. Uzun, V. Yıldırım, Y.E. Çoruhlu, O. Yıldız, F. Terzi, B.A. Atasoy, Enhancing Turkish land readjustment via a combination of IPA-based on SWOT and workshops, Land Use Policy. 144 (2024), 107245. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2024.107245
P.M. Spanidis, C. Roumpos, F. Pavloudakis, Evaluation of strategies for the sustainable transformation of surface coal mines using a combined SWOT–AHP methodology, Sustainability. 15 (2023), 7785. doi:10.3390/su15107785
M.M. Cin, Y. Egercioglu, A sustainable approach to urban regeneration process by SWOT analysis, International Journal of Education and Learning Systems. 1 (2016).
H. Weihrich, The TOWS matrix–A tool for situational analysis, Long Range Planning. 15 (1982), 54–66.
H. Weihrich, Analyzing the competitive advantages and disadvantages of Germany with the TOWS Matrix‐an alternative to Porter’s Model, European Business Review. 99 (1999), 9–22.
R.V. Dandage, S.S. Mantha, S.B. Rane, Strategy development using TOWS matrix for international project risk management based on prioritization of risk categories, International Journal of Managing Projects in Business. 12 (2019), 1003–1029. doi: 10.1108/IJMPB-07-2018-0128
R.D. Pasaribu, D. Shalsabila, T. Djatmiko, Revamping business strategy using Business Model Canvas (BMC), SWOT analysis, and TOWS matrix, Heritage and Sustainable Development. 5 (2023), 1–18. doi:10.37868/hsd.v5i1.125
I. Aslan, O. Çınar, V. Kumpikaitė, Creating strategies from tows matrix for strategic sustainable development of Kipaş Group, Journal of Business Economics and Management. 13 (2012), 95–110. doi:10.3846/16111699.2011.620134
I. Aslan, R. Bozkurt, (2010). Strategic Sustainable Development and Creating Strategies from TOWS Matrix at Kipaş Group, In 2nd International Symposium on Sustainable Development, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2010.
R. Maity, K. Sudhakar, A. Abdul Razak, A. Karthick, D. Barbulescu, Agrivoltaic: A Strategic Assessment Using SWOT and TOWS Matrix, Energies. 16 (2023), 3313. doi:10.3390/en16083313.
G.M. Ravanavar, P.M. Charantimath, Strategic formulation using tows matrix–A Case Study, International Journal of Research and Development. 1 (2012), 87–90.
E. Comino, V. Ferretti, Indicators-based spatial SWOT analysis: Supporting the strategic planning and management of complex territorial systems, Ecological Indicators. 60 (2016), 1104–1117. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.09.003.
Z.A. Polat, M. Alkan, H.G. Sürmeneli, Determining strategies for the cadastre 2034 vision using an AHP-Based SWOT analysis: A case study for the turkish cadastral and land administration system, Land Use Policy. 67 (2017), 151–166. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.05.004.
H.G. Gebrihet, P. Pillay, SWOT Analysis in Urban Land Administration, Administratio Publica. 29 (2021), 207–231.
H.G. Sürmeneli, Comparative Performance Analysis of Türkiye's Land Management System Using SWOT Analysis Method, In Proceedings of the International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism-ICCAUA, Antalya, Türkiye, 2024. doi:10.38027/iccaua2024en0153
M.A.A. Al Salmi, N.B. Hasnan, SWOT and TOWS matrix e-Government analysis review on Sultanate of Oman, International Journal of Learning and Development. 5 (2015), 13–23.
H. Alaaraj, S. Hassan, Developing SWOT/TOWS Strategic Matrix for e-government in Lebanon, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development. 1 (2014), 181–186.
F. Taktak, Behind the obsolescence in the Old Tannery Leather Industrial Zone: structural urban transformation analysis and sustainability strategies in Usak Province, Geomatik. 9 (2024), 286–298. doi:10.29128/geomatik.1453729
E. Jonuzi, S.S. Durduran, T. Alkan, North Macedonian cadastre towards cadastre 2034, Necmettin Erbakan University Journal of Science and Engineering. 4 (2022), 26–44. doi:10.47112/neufmbd.2022.3.
E. Jonuzi, T. Alkan, S.S. Durduran, H.Z. Selvi, Using GIS-supported MCDA method for appropriate site selection of parking lots: The case study of the city of Tetovo, North Macedonia, International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences. 9 (2024), 86–98. doi:10.26833/ijeg.1319605.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO 9001:2015 Quality management systems, Requirements, 2015. https://www.iso.org/standard/62085.html (Access 17 March 2025)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO 56002:2019 Innovation management, Innovation management system, 2019. https://www.iso.org/standard/68221.html (Access 17 March 2025)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO 37101:2016 Sustainable development in communities, Management system for sustainable development, Requirements, 2016. https://www.iso.org/standard/61885.html (Access 17 March 2025)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO 14055-1:2017 Environmental management, Guidelines for establishing good practices for combatting land degradation and desertification, 2017. https://www.iso.org/standard/64646.html (Access 17 March 2025)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO 38200:2018 Chain of custody of wood and wood-based products, 2018. https://www.iso.org/standard/70179.html (Access 17 March 2025)

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Arazi Yönetimi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Edmond Jonuzi ^*
0000-0002-0388-9242
Türkiye

Ömer Faruk Atiz
0000-0001-6180-7121
Türkiye

Hüseyin Zahit Selvi
0000-0001-7486-0992
Türkiye

Süleyman Savaş Durduran
0000-0003-0509-4037
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Aralık 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

8 Nisan 2025

Kabul Tarihi

18 Eylül 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.47112/neufmbd.2026.111

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA79EC72UK

APA

Jonuzi, E., Atiz, Ö. F., Selvi, H. Z., & Durduran, S. S. (2025). Improving Expropriation Management via QGIS: A SWOT-based Digital Approach in North Macedonia. Necmettin Erbakan University Journal of Science and Engineering, 7(3), 512-534. https://doi.org/10.47112/neufmbd.2026.111

AMA

1.Jonuzi E, Atiz ÖF, Selvi HZ, Durduran SS. Improving Expropriation Management via QGIS: A SWOT-based Digital Approach in North Macedonia. NEU Fen Muh Bil Der. 2025;7(3):512-534. doi:10.47112/neufmbd.2026.111

Chicago

Jonuzi, Edmond, Ömer Faruk Atiz, Hüseyin Zahit Selvi, ve Süleyman Savaş Durduran. 2025. “Improving Expropriation Management via QGIS: A SWOT-based Digital Approach in North Macedonia”. Necmettin Erbakan University Journal of Science and Engineering 7 (3): 512-34. https://doi.org/10.47112/neufmbd.2026.111.

EndNote

Jonuzi E, Atiz ÖF, Selvi HZ, Durduran SS (01 Aralık 2025) Improving Expropriation Management via QGIS: A SWOT-based Digital Approach in North Macedonia. Necmettin Erbakan University Journal of Science and Engineering 7 3 512–534.

IEEE

[1]E. Jonuzi, Ö. F. Atiz, H. Z. Selvi, ve S. S. Durduran, “Improving Expropriation Management via QGIS: A SWOT-based Digital Approach in North Macedonia”, NEU Fen Muh Bil Der, c. 7, sy 3, ss. 512–534, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.47112/neufmbd.2026.111.

ISNAD

Jonuzi, Edmond - Atiz, Ömer Faruk - Selvi, Hüseyin Zahit - Durduran, Süleyman Savaş. “Improving Expropriation Management via QGIS: A SWOT-based Digital Approach in North Macedonia”. Necmettin Erbakan University Journal of Science and Engineering 7/3 (01 Aralık 2025): 512-534. https://doi.org/10.47112/neufmbd.2026.111.

JAMA

1.Jonuzi E, Atiz ÖF, Selvi HZ, Durduran SS. Improving Expropriation Management via QGIS: A SWOT-based Digital Approach in North Macedonia. NEU Fen Muh Bil Der. 2025;7:512–534.

MLA

Jonuzi, Edmond, vd. “Improving Expropriation Management via QGIS: A SWOT-based Digital Approach in North Macedonia”. Necmettin Erbakan University Journal of Science and Engineering, c. 7, sy 3, Aralık 2025, ss. 512-34, doi:10.47112/neufmbd.2026.111.

Vancouver

1.Edmond Jonuzi, Ömer Faruk Atiz, Hüseyin Zahit Selvi, Süleyman Savaş Durduran. Improving Expropriation Management via QGIS: A SWOT-based Digital Approach in North Macedonia. NEU Fen Muh Bil Der. 01 Aralık 2025;7(3):512-34. doi:10.47112/neufmbd.2026.111

Improving Expropriation Management via QGIS: A SWOT-based Digital Approach in North Macedonia

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Teşekkür

QGIS ile Kamulaştırma Yönetiminin İyileştirilmesi: Kuzey Makedonya'da SWOT Tabanlı Dijital Bir Yaklaşım

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Konular

Bölüm

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

Gönderilme Tarihi

Kabul Tarihi

Yayımlandığı Sayı

DOI

IZ

Kaynak Göster