Yapay Zekâ Kaynaklı Deepfake Tehdidine Karşı Amerikan Modeli: İçeriği–Erişimi Engelle Kanunu Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Öz

Yapay zekâ tabanlı üretim tekniklerinin gelişimi, deepfake teknolojisini dijital şiddetin en yaygın araçlarından biri hâline getirmiştir. Özellikle rıza dışı üretilen müstehcen içeriklerin kadınlar ve çocuklar üzerindeki yıkıcı etkileri, mevcut hukuki çerçevelerin bu yeni tehdide cevap vermekte yetersiz kaldığını göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, Amerikan hukukunda 2025’te kabul edilen “İçeriği–Erişimi Engelle Kanunu (İEKK)”nun bu boşluğu nasıl doldurduğunu incelemektedir. İEKK, rıza dışı mahrem içerikleri federal suç olarak tanımlamakta, platformlara kırk sekiz saat içinde kaldırma ve tekrar yüklemeyi engelleme yükümlülüğü getirmekte ve mağdurlara erişilebilir, kullanıcı dostu başvuru mekanizmaları sunmaktadır. Ayrıca Federal Ticaret Komisyonu’na verilen geniş yaptırım yetkileri, düzenlemeye gerçek bir uygulama kapasitesi kazandırmaktadır. Çalışma, bu federal modelin yalnızca Amerikan hukukunda bir paradigma değişimi yaratmadığını; küresel platform mimarisi üzerinde fiilî standartlar oluşturduğunu ve özellikle Türkiye gibi dijital dönüşüm sürecindeki ülkeler için uygulanabilir politika araçları sunduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Bu çerçevede, hızlı kaldırma standartları, hash tabanlı tekrar yükleme önleme teknolojileri ve çocuklara yönelik “öncelikli kaldırma” yaklaşımı, Türk hukukuna uyarlanabilecek mekanizmalar olarak değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Deepfake
• Rıza Dışı İçerik
• İEKK
• Platform Sorumluluğu
• Dijital Mahremiyet.

Regulatory Responses to the AI-Generated Deepfake Threat: an Examination of the U.S. ‘Content and Access Restriction Act’ within the American Legal Framework

Öz

Advances in artificial intelligence-based generative models have transformed deepfake technology into one of the most prevalent instruments of digital violence. Non-consensually produced sexual deepfake content creates severe and disproportionate harm, particularly for women and children, revealing the inadequacy of existing legal frameworks to address this emerging threat. This article examines how the Take It Down Act (TIDA)- the U.S. federal legislation adopted in 2025- fills this regulatory gap. The Act criminalizes non-consensual intimate depictions at the federal level, imposes a forty-eight-hour takedown requirement and re-upload prevention obligations on platforms, and establishes accessible and user-friendly reporting procedures for victims. The Federal Trade Commission’s expanded enforcement powers further ensure that the statute operates with meaningful regulatory effect. The study argues that this federal model not only represents a paradigm shift in American law but also generates de facto global governance standards due to the centrality of U.S.-based social media platforms. The article contends that key components of the TIDA- such as rapid removal standards, hash-based re-upload prevention, and priority removal for minors- offer practical and adaptable policy tools for countries undergoing digital transformation, including Türkiye.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Deepfake
• Non-Consensual Content
• Take It Down Act
• Platform Liability
• Digital Privacy.

Kaynakça

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