Din Psikolojisinde Bilişsel Yaklaşım : Mcintosh’un ‘Bilişsel Bir Şema Olarak Din ’ Teorisi Örneği

Yıl 2007, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 23, 35 - 50, 01.12.2007

Adem Şahin

Öz

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Din Psikolojisinde Bilişsel Yaklaşım : Mcintosh’un ‘Bilişsel Bir Şema Olarak Din ’ Teorisi Örneği

Öz

alanında, büyük oranda McIntosh’un teorisi ile gündeme gelmiş olan şema kav- ramı, esasen bilişsel psikolojinin konusudur. Algılama, düşünme, hatırlama, unut- ma, problem çözme ve dil davranışı gibi bilişsel süreçler, bilişsel psikolojinin kap- samına girmektedir (Cüceloğlu, 1991, s. 38). Bilişsel psikologlar, bu gün gelinen noktada, bazı temel varsayımları paylaşmaktadırlar. Bunlardan birincisine göre, insanın en temel özelliklerinden birisi, bilgiyi işleyebilmesidir. İkincisine göre, içsel olan birtakım güçler, insanın bilgilenme sürecini yönlendirmektedir. İnsanın bilgi edinme sürecini tam olarak anlamak için, bilginin altında yatan bilişsel yapılar ortaya çıkarılmalıdır. Üçüncüsüne göre ise, bilişsel yapılardan yararlanılarak, çok geniş bir araştırma alanından elde edilen verilerin açıklanabildiği ve gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalara yol gösterecek hipotezlerin geliştirildiği güçlü bir bilim oluş- turulabilir (Barsalou, 1992, s. 341). Bu anlamda bilişsel yapılar, bilimsel açıdan kullanılabilirlik özelliliğine sahiptirler. Yani, bilişsel yapılar, kendilerinden hareketle test edilebilen hipotezlerin oluşturulduğu, daha da önemlisi, verilerle desteklenen hipotezlerin genelleştirildiği bir teorinin oluşturmasına imkân verebilir. Bu bağ- lamda bilişsel psikolojinin verilerinin kullanılması, din ile ilgili bilişsel yapıyı temel alan yeni bir teorinin oluşturulmasına katkı sağlayacaktır

Anahtar Kelimeler

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Kaynakça

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