Güney Afrika’da Ticaret ve Yatırım Dinamikleri: Çevresel Sürdürülebilirliğe Etkileri

Öz

iİklim değişikliği ve çevre kirliliğinin her geçen yıl daha da kötüleşmesiyle birlikte, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkeler ithal enerjiye olan bağımlılıklarını azaltırken çevre dostu doğrudan yabancı yatırımları (DYY) çekmeye çalışmaktadır. Güney Afrika gibi büyük ölçüde kömür ve diğer fosil yakıtlara dayanan ülkelerde çevre kirliliği artmakta, sürdürülebilir kalkınma engellenmekte ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının önemi giderek daha fazla kabul görmektedir. Bu çalışma, Güney Afrika'da 1990-2021 döneminde yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi, ekolojik ayak izi (EA), ticaret dengesi ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar arasındaki ilişkileri ARDL sınır testi kullanarak incelemekte ve bu değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli bir eşbütünleşme ilişkisi olduğunu tespit etmektedir. Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testi sonuçları, değişkenlerin uzun vadede birbirlerini etkilediğini göstermektedir; DYY, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve ticaret dengesi EA'yı etkilerken, EA ve ticaret dengesi DYY'yi etkilemektedir. Yenilenebilir enerji tüketimindeki bir artış çevresel iyileşmeye katkıda bulunurken, ticaret dengesindeki bir iyileşme Güney Afrika'nın EA'sını azaltabilir. Çalışma ayrıca yenilenebilir enerji kullanımının ticaret dengesini olumlu yönde etkileyebileceğini öne sürmekte ve gelecekteki araştırmalar için politika önerileri, kısıtlamalar ve öneriler sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yenilenebilir Enerji
• Ekolojik Ayak İzi
• Ticaret Dengesi
• Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar
• Güney Afrika

Trade and Investment Dynamics in South Africa: Implications for Environmental Sustainability

Abstract

With climate change and environmental pollution worsening each year, especially developing countries are seeking to attract environmentally friendly foreign direct investment (FDI) while reducing dependence on imported energy. In countries like South Africa that rely heavily on coal and other fossil fuels, environmental pollution is increasing, sustainable development is being hampered and the importance of renewable energy sources is becoming more and more recognized. This study examines the relationships between renewable energy consumption, ecological footprint (EF), trade balance and FDI in South Africa over the period 1990-2021 using ARDL bounds test and finds that there is a long run cointegration relationship between these variables. The Toda-Yamamoto causality test results show that the variables affect each other in the long run; FDI, renewable energy consumption and trade balance affect EF, while EF and trade balance affect FDI. An increase in renewable energy consumption contributes to environmental improvement, while an improvement in the trade balance can reduce South Africa's EF. The study also suggests that the use of renewable energy can positively affect the trade balance and provides policy recommendations, constraints and suggestions for future research.

Keywords

• Renewable Energy
• Ecological Footprint
• Trade Balance
• Foreign Direct Investment
• South Africa

Kaynakça

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