Comparison Of Türkiye And Sudan in The Context Of E-Government
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 63 - 81, 30.06.2025
Mustafa Ibrahim Hamad Mohammed
,
İsmail Sevinç
Öz
This study explores the impact of digital transformation on public services, highlighting the critical role of e-government from a global perspective. E-government is portrayed as more than an information platform; it is a complex, dynamic network designed to enhance efficiency, transparency, and accessibility in service delivery. A comparative analysis of e-government applications in Türkiye and Sudan reveals a stark contrast between the two nations. Türkiye has made significant strides, achieving a leading position in e-government through strong public policies, investments in technology, and a clear strategic vision. Conversely, Sudan faces numerous challenges, including inadequate policies, a lack of technological infrastructure, and political instability since 2018, which has hindered the progress of its e-government initiatives. These challenges underscore Sudan's need for a robust approach to digital transformation. The study recommends that Sudan adopt lessons from Türkiye’s successful e-government practices, such as allocating adequate resources, investing in infrastructure, and fostering human capital development. By leveraging Türkiye’s experiences, Sudan can overcome its weaknesses and achieve meaningful advancements in e-government.
Etik Beyan
I declare that the study titled "Comparison of Türkiye and Sudan in the Context of E-Government" has been conducted in accordance with ethical principles.
This study did not involve the direct collection of data from human participants; rather, it was based solely on the analysis of existing sources. Therefore, it does not fall within the scope of research requiring ethical committee approval.
Additionally, academic ethical standards and plagiarism rules have been strictly adhered to throughout the research process.
Teşekkür
I would like to express my gratitude to the editors and reviewers of the Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Political Sciences Journal for evaluating this work.
Kaynakça
-
Abdalla, E., & Li, Q. (2014). The e-government in Sudan: Challenges, barriers and prospects. international conference on global economy, Commerce and Service Science, 2(3), 236-240.
-
Adams, M., & Linda D. (2008). New public management and service science: Preparing students for the 21st century. Journal of Service Science, 1(1), 23-30.
-
Adrees, M., Sheta, O., Omer, M., Stiawan, D., & Budiarto, R. (2019). A framework of promoting government services using social media: Sudan e-government case study. Journal of Physics, 1(1), 1-10.
-
AL-hassan, A. (2020). The legal system for e-government in Sudan. University of Sharjah Journal of Legal Sciences, 6(171), 617-644.
-
Alsuwaidi, M.., Alarabiat, A., & Hujran, O. (2023). Analyzing e-government maturity models. Electronic Government an International Journal. 19(1), 1-21.
-
Bashar, M., Razael, K., & Grout, V. (2011). E-government vs. ordinary bureaucratic government: A comparative study. In The 4th International Conference on Internet Technologies and Applications, (495-515), UK.
-
Białożyt, W. (2017). Digital era governance: A new chapter of public management theory and practice. Mazowsze Studia Regionalne, 22(1), 117-129.
-
BTI Transformation Index (n.d.). BTI governance report. https://bti-project.org/en/reports/global/governance-report.
-
Civelek, M. (2019). Development phases of e-government. International Journal of Society Researches, 13(19), 2532-2548.
-
Cordella, A. (2007). E-government: Towards the e-bureaucratic form?. Journal of Information Technology, 22(2), 265–274.
-
Dalziel, D. (2004). Government online: A multi-country study of e-government usage. Amsterdam: The World Association of Research Professionals.
-
Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2003). World public sector report 2003: E-government at the crossroads. https://publicadministration.desa.un.org/publications/world-public-sector-report-2003.
-
Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2014). E-government survey 2014: E-government for the future we want. United Nations. https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2014.
-
Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2018). E-government survey 2018: gearing E-government to support transformation towards sustainable and resilient societies. https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2018.
-
Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2020). E-government survey 2020: digital government in the decade of action for sustainable development. https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2020.
-
Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2022). E-government survey 2022: the future of digital government. https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/reports/un-e-government-survey-2022.
-
Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2024). E-government survey 2024: accelerating digital transformation for sustainable development with the addendum on artificial intelligence. https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2024.
-
Dimeski, B. (2019). New public management and digital era governance approaches in function of promoting entrepreneurship in the public sector. Journal of Public Administration, 1(1), 48-54.
-
Edrees, R., & Khalifa, O. (2015). Challenging development citizen-centric e-governance in Sudan. International Journal of Innovative Science Engineering & Technology, 2(8), 451-456.
-
Elnaim, B. (2014). An overview of e-government strategy in Sudan. European Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, 2(2), 1-9.
-
Farhan, I., & Othman, R. (2019). An evaluation study of the Sudan e-government portal services addressed to citizens. Journal of Engineering and Computer Science (JECS), 20(2), 35.
-
Gil-Garcia, J., Dawes, S., & Pardo, T. (2018). Digital government and public management research: Finding the crossroads. Public Management Review, 20(5), 633-646.
-
Gökmen, A., & Hamsıoglu, A. B. (2014). The contemporary concept of e-government and the case of Turkey: Possible challenges and the e-transformation Turkey project. International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies, 3(2), 633-646.
-
Ingrams, A., Manoharan, A., Hohensinn, L., & Holzer, M. (2020). Stages and determinants of e-government development: A twelve-year longitudinal study of global cities. International Public Management Journal, 23(6), 1–39.
-
International Cooperation and Development. (2019). Guidelines and roadmap for full deployment of e-governance systems in Africa. https://ega.ee/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/eGA_Final-Report-Research-analysis-guidelines-and-roadmap-for-full-deployment-of-e-governance-systems-in-Af.pdf.
-
Kamolov, S. (2017). Digital public governance: Trends and risks. Journal of Constitutional History, 33(1), 188.
-
Khanra, S., & Joseph, R. (2019). E-governance maturity models: A meta-ethnographic study. The International Technology Management Review, 8(1), 3.
-
Mellor, W., & Hood, M. (2001). Online government 2001. New York: Taylor Nelson Sofres.
-
Osbourne, D., & Plastrik, P. (1998). Banishing bureaucracy: The five strategies for reinventing government. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley.
-
Saad, E. (2015). The role of media in preaching the e-government projects in Sudan. American International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(1), 5-55.
-
Saeed, M. (2017). E-government in Sudan: Challenges and future prospects. International Journal of Computer Science Trends and Technology, 5(1), 38-42.
-
Sandri, S., Alshyab, N., & Sha'ban, M. (2022). The effect of digitalization on unemployment reduction. New Medit. 4(1), 29-39.
-
Sayımer, İ. (2015). Electronic government in public administration: An assessment of local government websites in Turkey. International Journal of Ebusiness and Egovernment Studies, 7(2), 1-16.
-
Sztop-Rutkowska, K. (2019.). E-government closer to the people. http://dilersur.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/e-book-final-28.04.2019-1.pdf.
-
Trotsenburg, A. (2024). The digital era for all. https://blogs.worldbank.org/voices/digital-era-all.
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti hükümeti ile Sudan Cumhuriyeti hükümeti arasında kamu yönetimi alanında işbirliği konulu mutabakat muhtırasının onaylanması. (2014). T.C. Resmî Gazete, 6023, 19 Nisan 2014.
-
UN E-Government Knowledgebase. (2024). Sudanese e-government development index. https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Data/Country-Information/id/162-Sudan.
-
UN E-Government Knowledgebase. (2024). Turkish e-government development index. https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Data/Country-Information/id/176-Trkiye.
-
UN E-Government Knowledgebase. (2024). Turkish and Sudanese e-government development index comparison. https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Data/Compare-Countries.
-
US Government. (1993). Reengineering through information technology. http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/library/reports/itexe.html.
-
World Bank. (2017). The state of identification systems in Africa. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/5f0f3977-838c-5ce3-af9d-5b6d6efb5910/content.
E-Devlet Bağlamında Türkiye-Sudan Karşılaştırması
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 63 - 81, 30.06.2025
Mustafa Ibrahim Hamad Mohammed
,
İsmail Sevinç
Öz
Bu çalışma, dijital dönüşümün kamu hizmetleri üzerindeki etkisini inceleyerek e-devletin küresel ölçekteki önemini vurgulamaktadır. E-devlet, yalnızca bir bilgi paylaşım platformu değil, aynı zamanda kamu hizmetlerinin etkinliğini, şeffaflığını ve erişilebilirliğini artıran dinamik ve çok boyutlu bir sistemdir. Türkiye ve Sudan’daki e-devlet uygulamalarının karşılaştırmalı analizi, iki ülke arasındaki belirgin farklılıkları ortaya koymaktadır. Türkiye, güçlü kamu politikaları, teknolojik yatırımlar ve uzun vadeli bir stratejik vizyon ile e-devlet alanında önemli ilerlemeler kaydetmiş ve bu alanda öncü ülkelerden biri haline gelmiştir. Buna karşın, Sudan’da yetersiz politikalar, zayıf teknolojik altyapı ve 2018’den itibaren devam eden siyasi istikrarsızlık, e-devlet projelerinin gelişimini ciddi şekilde sınırlamaktadır. Sudan’ın dijital dönüşüm sürecinde başarılı olabilmesi için kapsamlı, sürdürülebilir ve bütüncül bir strateji benimsemesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, Sudan’ın Türkiye’nin başarılı e-devlet uygulamalarından ders çıkararak altyapı yatırımlarını artırmasını, insan sermayesine yönelik eğitim ve kapasite geliştirme programlarına odaklanmasını ve dijitalleşme sürecine daha fazla kaynak tahsis etmesini önermektedir. Bu doğrultuda Sudan, mevcut yapısal zorluklarını aşarak e-devlet alanında sürdürülebilir ve anlamlı ilerlemeler sağlayabilir.
Etik Beyan
"Comparison of Türkiye and Sudan in the Context of E-Government" başlıklı çalışmanın etik ilkeler doğrultusunda gerçekleştirildiğini beyan ederim.
Bu çalışma kapsamında insan katılımcılardan doğrudan veri toplanmamış olup, yalnızca mevcut kaynaklar üzerinden analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Dolayısıyla, insan üzerinde yapılan araştırmalar kapsamına girmediği için etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir.
Ayrıca, çalışma sürecinde akademik etik kurallarına ve intihal kurallarına titizlikle riayet edilmiştir.
Teşekkür
Bu çalışmanın Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi'nde değerlendirilmekte olması nedeniyle dergi editörlerine ve hakemlerine teşekkür ederim.
Kaynakça
-
Abdalla, E., & Li, Q. (2014). The e-government in Sudan: Challenges, barriers and prospects. international conference on global economy, Commerce and Service Science, 2(3), 236-240.
-
Adams, M., & Linda D. (2008). New public management and service science: Preparing students for the 21st century. Journal of Service Science, 1(1), 23-30.
-
Adrees, M., Sheta, O., Omer, M., Stiawan, D., & Budiarto, R. (2019). A framework of promoting government services using social media: Sudan e-government case study. Journal of Physics, 1(1), 1-10.
-
AL-hassan, A. (2020). The legal system for e-government in Sudan. University of Sharjah Journal of Legal Sciences, 6(171), 617-644.
-
Alsuwaidi, M.., Alarabiat, A., & Hujran, O. (2023). Analyzing e-government maturity models. Electronic Government an International Journal. 19(1), 1-21.
-
Bashar, M., Razael, K., & Grout, V. (2011). E-government vs. ordinary bureaucratic government: A comparative study. In The 4th International Conference on Internet Technologies and Applications, (495-515), UK.
-
Białożyt, W. (2017). Digital era governance: A new chapter of public management theory and practice. Mazowsze Studia Regionalne, 22(1), 117-129.
-
BTI Transformation Index (n.d.). BTI governance report. https://bti-project.org/en/reports/global/governance-report.
-
Civelek, M. (2019). Development phases of e-government. International Journal of Society Researches, 13(19), 2532-2548.
-
Cordella, A. (2007). E-government: Towards the e-bureaucratic form?. Journal of Information Technology, 22(2), 265–274.
-
Dalziel, D. (2004). Government online: A multi-country study of e-government usage. Amsterdam: The World Association of Research Professionals.
-
Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2003). World public sector report 2003: E-government at the crossroads. https://publicadministration.desa.un.org/publications/world-public-sector-report-2003.
-
Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2014). E-government survey 2014: E-government for the future we want. United Nations. https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2014.
-
Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2018). E-government survey 2018: gearing E-government to support transformation towards sustainable and resilient societies. https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2018.
-
Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2020). E-government survey 2020: digital government in the decade of action for sustainable development. https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2020.
-
Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2022). E-government survey 2022: the future of digital government. https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/reports/un-e-government-survey-2022.
-
Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2024). E-government survey 2024: accelerating digital transformation for sustainable development with the addendum on artificial intelligence. https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2024.
-
Dimeski, B. (2019). New public management and digital era governance approaches in function of promoting entrepreneurship in the public sector. Journal of Public Administration, 1(1), 48-54.
-
Edrees, R., & Khalifa, O. (2015). Challenging development citizen-centric e-governance in Sudan. International Journal of Innovative Science Engineering & Technology, 2(8), 451-456.
-
Elnaim, B. (2014). An overview of e-government strategy in Sudan. European Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, 2(2), 1-9.
-
Farhan, I., & Othman, R. (2019). An evaluation study of the Sudan e-government portal services addressed to citizens. Journal of Engineering and Computer Science (JECS), 20(2), 35.
-
Gil-Garcia, J., Dawes, S., & Pardo, T. (2018). Digital government and public management research: Finding the crossroads. Public Management Review, 20(5), 633-646.
-
Gökmen, A., & Hamsıoglu, A. B. (2014). The contemporary concept of e-government and the case of Turkey: Possible challenges and the e-transformation Turkey project. International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies, 3(2), 633-646.
-
Ingrams, A., Manoharan, A., Hohensinn, L., & Holzer, M. (2020). Stages and determinants of e-government development: A twelve-year longitudinal study of global cities. International Public Management Journal, 23(6), 1–39.
-
International Cooperation and Development. (2019). Guidelines and roadmap for full deployment of e-governance systems in Africa. https://ega.ee/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/eGA_Final-Report-Research-analysis-guidelines-and-roadmap-for-full-deployment-of-e-governance-systems-in-Af.pdf.
-
Kamolov, S. (2017). Digital public governance: Trends and risks. Journal of Constitutional History, 33(1), 188.
-
Khanra, S., & Joseph, R. (2019). E-governance maturity models: A meta-ethnographic study. The International Technology Management Review, 8(1), 3.
-
Mellor, W., & Hood, M. (2001). Online government 2001. New York: Taylor Nelson Sofres.
-
Osbourne, D., & Plastrik, P. (1998). Banishing bureaucracy: The five strategies for reinventing government. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley.
-
Saad, E. (2015). The role of media in preaching the e-government projects in Sudan. American International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(1), 5-55.
-
Saeed, M. (2017). E-government in Sudan: Challenges and future prospects. International Journal of Computer Science Trends and Technology, 5(1), 38-42.
-
Sandri, S., Alshyab, N., & Sha'ban, M. (2022). The effect of digitalization on unemployment reduction. New Medit. 4(1), 29-39.
-
Sayımer, İ. (2015). Electronic government in public administration: An assessment of local government websites in Turkey. International Journal of Ebusiness and Egovernment Studies, 7(2), 1-16.
-
Sztop-Rutkowska, K. (2019.). E-government closer to the people. http://dilersur.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/e-book-final-28.04.2019-1.pdf.
-
Trotsenburg, A. (2024). The digital era for all. https://blogs.worldbank.org/voices/digital-era-all.
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti hükümeti ile Sudan Cumhuriyeti hükümeti arasında kamu yönetimi alanında işbirliği konulu mutabakat muhtırasının onaylanması. (2014). T.C. Resmî Gazete, 6023, 19 Nisan 2014.
-
UN E-Government Knowledgebase. (2024). Sudanese e-government development index. https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Data/Country-Information/id/162-Sudan.
-
UN E-Government Knowledgebase. (2024). Turkish e-government development index. https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Data/Country-Information/id/176-Trkiye.
-
UN E-Government Knowledgebase. (2024). Turkish and Sudanese e-government development index comparison. https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Data/Compare-Countries.
-
US Government. (1993). Reengineering through information technology. http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/library/reports/itexe.html.
-
World Bank. (2017). The state of identification systems in Africa. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/5f0f3977-838c-5ce3-af9d-5b6d6efb5910/content.