Dijitalleşmenin Makroekonomik Yapıya Teorik Etkisi: Dijital Paralar, Büyüme ve Mali Politikalar Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

Bu çalışma, dijitalleşmenin makroekonomik yapı üzerindeki teorik etkilerini çok boyutlu bir yaklaşımla analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Dijital teknolojilerin hızla yaygınlaşması, ekonomik sistemlerdeki temel işleyiş mekanizmalarını köklü biçimde dönüştürmekte; bu durum, para ve maliye politikalarının geleneksel sınırlarını zorlamaktadır. Çalışmada, dijital paralar, kripto varlıklar ve merkez bankası dijital paralarının (CBDC) para politikası üzerindeki etkileri ele alınmakta; bunun yanında dijitalleşmenin büyüme, verimlilik, istihdam, üretkenlik ve teknolojik inovasyon üzerindeki rolü incelenmektedir. Ayrıca dijital ekonominin vergilendirilmesindeki zorluklar, kamu harcamalarının dijital önceliklere göre yeniden biçimlenmesi, platform ekonomisinin işgücü piyasasındaki etkileri ve sosyal politikaların dönüşümü gibi konular da kapsamlı şekilde değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışma, mevcut literatürün sistematik bir taramasına dayanan teorik bir analiz yöntemi izlemekte ve dijitalleşmenin makroekonomik teorilerle uyumunu irdelemektedir. Sonuç olarak, dijitalleşmenin yarattığı fırsatlar kadar eşitsizlik, istikrarsızlık ve politika etkisizliği gibi risklerin de dikkate alınması gerektiği belirtilmektedir. Bu bağlamda daha esnek, kapsayıcı ve yenilikçi makro politika anlayışlarına duyulan ihtiyaç artmaktadır. Çalışma, literatüre katkı sağlamayı ve politika yapıcılar için yol gösterici öneriler sunmayı hedeflemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dijitalleşme
• Dijital Para
• Makroekonomik Politika
• Ekonomik Büyüme
• Maliye Politikası

Theoretical Impact of Digitalization on Macroeconomic Structure: An Evaluation on Digital Currencies, Growth, and Fiscal Policies

Öz

This study aims to analyze the theoretical implications of digitalization on the macroeconomic structure through a multidimensional perspective. The rapid diffusion of digital technologies is fundamentally reshaping the operational mechanisms of economic systems, thereby challenging the traditional boundaries of monetary and fiscal policy. The paper discusses the influence of digital currencies, crypto-assets, and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) on monetary policy, while also exploring the broader role of digitalization in fostering growth, enhancing productivity, transforming labor markets, and driving technological innovation. In addition, the study delves into issues such as the complexities of taxing the digital economy, the reconfiguration of public spending in line with digital priorities, the effects of the platform economy on employment dynamics, and the evolution of social policy frameworks. Drawing upon a systematic review of the existing literature, the analysis adopts a theoretical approach that examines the compatibility between digitalization and macroeconomic thought. Ultimately, the study argues that alongside the opportunities digitalization offers, it also poses risks including inequality, instability, and policy ineffectiveness. In this context, the need for more adaptive, inclusive, and innovation-driven macroeconomic policies becomes increasingly pressing. The paper seeks to contribute to the literature and provide actionable insights for policymakers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Digitalization
• Digital Currency
• Macroeconomic Policy
• Economic Growth
• Fiscal Policy

Kaynakça

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