Araştırma Makalesi

Constructing the ‘Other’ within the Context of Eurocentrism, Orientalism, and the Civilizing Discourse

Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2 27 Aralık 2025
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Constructing the ‘Other’ within the Context of Eurocentrism, Orientalism, and the Civilizing Discourse

Öz

This study critically examines the role of historiography in shaping Western perceptions of the East through the concepts of othering, barbarism, and civilization. From antiquity to the modern era, the West constructed its own identity by defining itself in opposition to an imagined barbarian other. Drawing on examples from Greek and Roman texts, medieval chronicles, Enlightenment thought, and colonial discourses, the article demonstrates how Eurocentric historiography systematically legitimized Western superiority. The act of labeling the East as despotic, stagnant, and uncivilized not only provided a mirror through which the West glorified itself, but also produced a narrative that became institutionalized over centuries. The study highlights Michel Foucault’s theory of knowledge/power and Edward Said’s critique of Orientalism as theoretical frameworks for understanding how historiography functions as an ideological tool. Furthermore, the article discusses the Russian adaptation of the Western “civilizing mission” in the Caucasus and Turkestan, revealing how imperial powers appropriated the discourse of civilization to justify conquest and subjugation. Special attention is given to the notion of Eurocentrism in modern historiography, where the Middle Ages were constructed as “dark” while the Islamic world’s flourishing was obscured, and where non-European societies were depicted as passive or peripheral. By analyzing these mechanisms, the study demonstrates that historiography is not a neutral record of events but a contested terrain of meaning production. Ultimately, it argues that the persistence of Eurocentric narratives continues to influence global politics, reinforcing dichotomies between “civilized” and “barbaric”.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Ahmad, A. (1995). Teoride Sınıf, Ulus, Edebiyat. trans. by A. Fethi, İstanbul: Alan Yayıncılık.
  2. АКАК, (1875). Акты Собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Коммиссиею, ст. Сов. Ад. Берже, Тифлись, Том. VI, Часть II (1816-1827) [Aktı Sabraniye Kafkazskuyu Arheografiçeskuyu Komissieyu, St. Sov. Ad. Berje, Tbilisi, V. VI/II (1816-1827)].
  3. Akan, M. (2019). Bilinmeyenden ‘Öteki’ye: Rusya’nın Kafkasya’yı İşgalinde Oryantalizm Etkisi. İstanbul: İdeal Kültür Yayıncılık.
  4. Aksu, Ş. (2006). Hegel ve Tarih Felsefesi. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  5. Ammianus Marcellinus (1902). The Roman History of Ammianus Marcellinus [for the years 353 to 378]. trans. by C. D. Yonge, London: George Bell & Sons.
  6. Anderson, B. (2006). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
  7. Anonymous (1966). Karolus Magnus et Leo Papa: Ein Paderborner Epos vom Jahre 799. Ed. and trans. by Joseph Brockmann, Paderborn, 1966.
  8. Aristoteles (2024). Politika, trans. by Y. G. Sev, İstanbul: Ketebe Yayınları.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Avrupa Çalışmaları, Ortadoğu Çalışmaları, Türk Dünyası Çalışmaları

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

27 Aralık 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

8 Kasım 2025

Kabul Tarihi

4 Aralık 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Uncu, C. (2025). Constructing the ‘Other’ within the Context of Eurocentrism, Orientalism, and the Civilizing Discourse. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2), 449-481. https://izlik.org/JA59KE29UC
AMA
1.Uncu C. Constructing the ‘Other’ within the Context of Eurocentrism, Orientalism, and the Civilizing Discourse. JNEUSBF. 2025;7(2):449-481. https://izlik.org/JA59KE29UC
Chicago
Uncu, Cem. 2025. “Constructing the ‘Other’ within the Context of Eurocentrism, Orientalism, and the Civilizing Discourse”. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi 7 (2): 449-81. https://izlik.org/JA59KE29UC.
EndNote
Uncu C (01 Aralık 2025) Constructing the ‘Other’ within the Context of Eurocentrism, Orientalism, and the Civilizing Discourse. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi 7 2 449–481.
IEEE
[1]C. Uncu, “Constructing the ‘Other’ within the Context of Eurocentrism, Orientalism, and the Civilizing Discourse”, JNEUSBF, c. 7, sy 2, ss. 449–481, Ara. 2025, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA59KE29UC
ISNAD
Uncu, Cem. “Constructing the ‘Other’ within the Context of Eurocentrism, Orientalism, and the Civilizing Discourse”. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi 7/2 (01 Aralık 2025): 449-481. https://izlik.org/JA59KE29UC.
JAMA
1.Uncu C. Constructing the ‘Other’ within the Context of Eurocentrism, Orientalism, and the Civilizing Discourse. JNEUSBF. 2025;7:449–481.
MLA
Uncu, Cem. “Constructing the ‘Other’ within the Context of Eurocentrism, Orientalism, and the Civilizing Discourse”. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 7, sy 2, Aralık 2025, ss. 449-81, https://izlik.org/JA59KE29UC.
Vancouver
1.Cem Uncu. Constructing the ‘Other’ within the Context of Eurocentrism, Orientalism, and the Civilizing Discourse. JNEUSBF [Internet]. 01 Aralık 2025;7(2):449-81. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA59KE29UC
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