Bombus Arısı Hastalık ve Parazitleri

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 5 , 228 - 235, 04.04.2016

Bahar Argun Karslı Fehmi Gürel

https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.211002

Öz

Bombus arıları doğal ve tarımsal ekosistemlerdeki dünyanın en önemli tozlaştırıcıları olarak bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle, bazı bombus arısı türleri ticari olarak yetiştirilmekte ve bitkisel üretimde tozlaşma amacıyla yoğun olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak, son yıllarda doğal bombus arısı populasyonları ve tür çeşitliliği bütün dünyada azalmaktadır. Habitat parçalanması, pestisit kullanımı ve yanlış tarımsal uygulamalar bu azalış ve yok oluşların önemli sebepleri arasında sayılırken, özellikle parazit ve patojenlerin önemli miktarda koloni kayıplarına yol açtığı belirlenmiştir. Ticari ve doğal bombus kolonileri çok sayıda iç ve dış parazitler, protozoa, virüs, bakteri ve nematod gibi hastalık yapan organizmalara maruz kalmaktadır. En sık bildirilen bombus arısı patojenleri Nosema bombi, Crithidia bombi, Apicystis bombi mikrosporları bir trake akarı olan Locustacarus buchneri ve Sphaerularia bombi nematodudur. Genellikle bu parazitler koloni kurma, ömür uzunluğu, hayatta kalma ve üreme-gelişme üzerine olumsuz etkilere sahiptirler. Bu yüzden, bombus arısı hastalık ve parazitleri hakkında yeterli bilgi sahibi olunması ve doğru bir şekilde tanımlanması çok önemlidir. Böylece hem hastalıkların yayılması önlenebilecek hem de kolonilerin sağlıklı gelişimi ve tozlaşma etkinliği arttırılacaktır. Bu derlemede, bombus arılarında en yaygın görülen hastalıklar, yayılma yolları ve hastalığa sebep olan parazitler hakkında bilgiler özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akar, Bombus arısı, Nematod, Parazit, Protozoa

Kaynakça

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