Bütüncül dengeleme kuramı çerçevesinde Gürcistan'ın ittifak tercihlerini anlamak

Öz

Uluslararası ilişkilerde neorealist kuram, sistemdeki aktörleri benzer birimler olarak tanımlamış farklılığı yaratan unsurun ise kapasiteleri olduğuna işaret etmiştir. Buna göre güç dağılımındaki farklılıklar aktörlerin ilişkilerini belirlemektedir. Devletler güvenliklerini sağlamak için ise güç dengesi kuramına uygun ittifak ilişkileri kurmaktadırlar. Fakat bu yaklaşım Üçüncü Dünya ülkelerinin ittifak tercihlerini açıklamakta açıkça başarısız olmuştur. David Singer bu başarısızlığa dikkat çekmiş ve 1991’de güç dengesi kuramına meydan okuyan bütüncül dengeleme kuramını (omnibalancing) ortaya atmıştır. Bu çalışma Sovyet sonrası Gürcistan’ın dış politika ve ittifak tercihlerini bütüncül dengeleme kuramı bağlamında anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Nitel analiz yöntemiyle ele alınan çalışmada neden-sonuç ilişkisine dayalı bir siyasi tarih anlatısı tercih edilmiş, bu analiz Gürcistan’ın ittifak tercihlerinde kırılmalar dikkate alınarak üç ayrı dönemde incelenmiştir. Bağımsızlık sonrası bütüncül dengeleme yaparak varlığını koruyan Gürcistan’ın 2004-2012 yılları arasındaki dönemde bu yaklaşımı terk ettiği ve önemli askeri ve siyasi sonuçlarla karşılaştığı görülmüştür. 2012 sonrası Gürcistan’da yaşanan politik ve idari dönüşüm tekrar bütüncül dengelemeye dönüşü simgelemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Güç Dengesi
• İttifak
• Bütüncül Dengeleme
• Dış Politika
• Gürcistan

Understanding the Georgia’s alliance preferences within the framework of Omnibalancing Theory

Öz

Neorealist theory in the international relations defined the actors in the system as similar units and pointed out that the factor that creates the difference is their capacities. Accordingly, differences in power distribution determine the relationship of actors. To ensure their security, states establish alliances in accordance with the balance of power theory. But this approach has clearly failed to explain the alliance preferences of Third World countries. David Singer drew attention to this failure and in 1991 put forward the omnibalancing theory that challenged the balance of power theory. This study aims to understand post-Soviet Georgia's foreign policy and alliance preferences in the context of omnibalancing theory. In the study handled with the qualitative analysis method, a political history narrative based on cause-effect relationship was preferred, and this analysis was examined in three separate periods, taking into account the breaks in Georgia's alliance preferences. It was observed that Georgia, which maintained its existence by omnibalancing after independence, abandoned this approach in the period between 2004 and 2012 and faced significant military and political consequences. The political and administrative transformation in Georgia after 2012 symbolizes a return to omnibalancing.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Balance of Power
• Alliance
• Omnibalancing
• Foreign Policy
• Georgia

Kaynakça

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