Corporate governance, gender diversity and risk: A panel data analysis of USA banks

Öz

This study explores the impact of gender diversity on risk management within the corporate governance framework in the banking sector. Utilizing panel data from 49 U.S. banks listed in the NASDAQ 100 Financial Index between 2010 and 2022, the research investigates the relationship between female representation at the board and executive levels and key risk indicators (non-performing loans, loan loss provisions, total capital adequacy ratio). The study models the ratio of women on boards (WOB) and the number of female executives (NOFE) as key variables, employing advanced panel data techniques (e.g., CSD, PCSE) to account for cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity. Findings reveal that NOFE has a more consistent and statistically significant risk-reducing effect, while WOB’s impact varies across banks. These results suggest that gender diversity enhances risk governance capacity not only as an ethical imperative but as a concrete strategic asset. The study underscores the critical importance of empowering women in decision-making roles in banking to reinforce financial stability and provides significant insights for policymakers and industry leaders

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Corporate Governance
• Bank Risk
• Board Gender Diversity
• Risk Management

Kurumsal yönetim, cinsiyet çeşitliliği ve risk: ABD bankalarına ilişkin bir panel veri analizi

Öz

Bu çalışma, kurumsal yönetim çerçevesinde cinsiyet çeşitliliğinin bankacılık sektöründe risk yönetimi üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. 2010–2022 yılları arasında NASDAQ 100 finans endeksinde yer alan 49 ABD bankasına ait panel veriler kullanılarak, yönetim kurulu ve üst düzey yönetimde kadın temsili ile banka risk göstergeleri (sorunlu krediler, kredi zarar karşılıkları, toplam sermaye yeterliliği oranı) arasındaki ilişkiler analiz edilmiştir. Yönetim kurulu düzeyinde kadın oranı (WOB) ve üst düzey kadın yönetici sayısı (NOFE) temel değişkenler olarak modellenmiş, panel düzeyindeki bağımlılıklar ve heterojenlikler dikkate alınarak CSD ve PCSE gibi istatistiksel yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, NOFE’nin kredi riski göstergeleri üzerinde risk azaltıcı etkisinin daha güçlü ve tutarlı olduğunu, WOB’un etkisinin ise banka bazında farklılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu sonuçlar, yalnızca etik ve temsil adaleti açısından değil, aynı zamanda somut bir yönetişim girdisi olarak cinsiyet çeşitliliğinin risk yönetimi kapasitesini artırabileceğini göstermektedir. Araştırma, bankacılık sektöründe karar alma düzeylerinde kadınların etkinliğinin artırılmasının finansal istikrar açısından stratejik önem taşıdığını vurgulamakta ve politika yapıcılara önemli çıkarımlar sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kurumsal Yönetim
• Banka Riski
• Yönetim Kurulu Cinsiyet Çeşitliliği
• Risk Yönetimi

Kaynakça

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