GENDER, CUMULATIVE STRAIN AND DEVIANT BEHAVIOR IN TURKEY

Öz

 

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to explore whether General Strain Theory played a similar role for male and female deviant acts among the youths in Turkey. Data was derived from 974 students at a Turkish public university. The findings indicated that cumulative strain, anger, and criminal and non-criminal copings played similar roles for both males and females. The results questioned General Strain Theory’s gender difference thesis.
Keywords: General strain theory, cumulative strain, gender, university students, Turkey

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Genel Gerilim Teorisi, kümülatif gerilim, cinsiyet, üniversite öğrencileri, Türkiye

Kaynakça

1. Agnew, R., & Brezina, T. (1997). Relational problems with peers, gender, and delinquency. Youth and Societ,y 29, 84-111.
2. Agnew, R., Cullen, F. T., Burton, Velmer S. Jr., Evans, D. T., & Dunaway, G. R. (1996). A new test of classic strain theory. Justice Quarterly, 13, 681-704.
3. Baron, W. S. (2007). Street youth, gender, financial strain, and crime: Exploring Broidy and Agnew’s extension to general strain theory. Deviant Behavior, 28, 273-302.
4. Belknap, J., & Holsinger, K. (2006). The gendered nature of risk factors for delinquency. Feminist Criminology, 1, 48-71.
5. Broidy, K. L. (2001). A test of general strain theory. Criminology, 39, 9-36.
6. Broidy, L. & Agnew, R. (1997). Gender and crime: A general strain theory perspective. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 34, 275-306.
7. Burton, S. V. Jr., & Dunaway, R. G. (1994). Strain, relative deprivation, and middle class delinquency. In G. Barak (Ed.), Varieties of criminology (pp. 79-95). Westport: Praeger.
8. Cam, T. (2010). Explaining marijuana use among Turkish juveniles: A test of Hirschi’s social bonding theory. Unpublished Dissertation, University of Texas, U.S.A.

9. Cetin, C. M. (2010). Beden egitimi ve spor yuksekokulu ogrencilerinin stresle basa cıkma stillerinin bazı degiskenlere gore inclenmesi. Milli Egitim, 187, 193206.
10. Ceyhan, E., Ceyhan, S. A., & Kurtyılmaz, Y. (2005). Depression among Turkish female and male university students. Social Behavior and Personality, 33, 329-340.
11. Ceyhan, E., Ceyhan, S. A., & Kurtyılmaz, Y. (2009). Investigation of university students’ depression. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 36, 75-90.
12. Daigle, E. L., Cullen, F. T., & Wright, J. P. (2007). Gender differences in the predictors of juvenile delinquency: Assessing the generality-specificity debate. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 5, 254-286.
13. Durna, U. (2006). Universite ögrencilerinin stres düzeylerinin bazı degiskenler acısından incelenmesi. Erzurum Ataturk Universitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 20, 319-343.
14. Eksi, H. (2010). Personality and coping among Turkish college students: A canonical correlation analysis. Kuram ve Uygulamada Egitim Bilimleri (Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice), 10, 2159-2176.
15. Ferzan, İ. (2009). The perceptions of Turkish police captains about the use of techniques of neutralization (neutralization theory) by Turkish offenders. Unpublished Dissertation, University of Nebraska at Omaha.
16. Hoffman, P. J., & Cerbone, F. G. (1999). Stressful life events and delinquency escalation in early adolescence. Criminology, 37, 343-374.
17. Hoffman, P. J., & Su, S. S. (1997). The conditional effects of stress on delinquency and drug use: A strain theory assessment of sex differences. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 34, 46-78.
18. Jang, J. S. (2007). Gender differences in strain, negative emotions, and coping behaviors: A general strain theory approach. Justice Quarterly, 24, 523-553.
19. Johnson, C. M. & Morris, R. G. (2008). The moderating effects of religiosity on the relationship between stressful life events and delinquent behavior. Journal of Criminal Justice, 36, 486-493.
20. Liu, X., R., & Lin, W. (2007). Delinquency among Chinese adolescents: Modeling sources of frustration and gender differences. Deviant Behavior, 28, 409432.
21. Manasse, E. M., & Ganem, N. M. (2009). Victimization as a cause of delinquency: The role of depression and gender. Journal of Criminal Justice, 37, 371-378.
22. Mazerolle, P. (1998). Gender, general strain, and delinquency: An empirical examination. Justice Quarterly, 15, 65-91.
23. Morash, M., & Moon, B. (2007). Gender differences in the effects of strain on the delinquency of South Korean youth. Youth & Society, 38, 300-321.
24. Neff, L. J. & Waite, D. E. (2007). Male versus female substance abuse patterns among incarcerated juvenile offenders: Comparing strain and social learning variables. Justice Quarterly, 24, 106-132.
25. Ostrowsky, K. M., & Messner, S. F. (2005). Explaining crime for a young adult population: An application of general strain theory. Journal of Criminal Justice, 33, 463-476.
26. Örücü, C. M. & Demir, A. (2009). Psychometric evaluation of perceived stress scale for Turkish university students. Stress and Health, 25, 103-109.
27. Özbay, Ö. (2003), Merton's strain theory: Evidence from the high schools in Ankara. Cumhuriyet Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 27, 59-76.
28. Özbay. Ö. (2008b). Self control, gender, and deviance among university students in Turkey. Journal of Criminal Justice, 36, 72-80.
29. Özbay, Ö. (2011). Does general strain theory account for youth deviance in Turkey? Nevsehir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1, 107-129.
30. Özbay, Ö. & Özcan, Y. Z. (2006a). Classic strain theory and gender: The case of Turkey. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 50, 21-38.
31. Özbay, Ö. & Köksoy, O. (2009). Is low self control associated with violence among youth in Turkey? International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 53, 145-167.
32. Özbay, Ö. & Özcan, Y. Z. (2006b) A test of Hirschi's social bonding theory on juvenile delinquency in the high schools of Ankara, Turkey. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 50, 711-26.
33. Piquero, L. N., & Sealock, M. D. (2004). Gender and general strain theory: A preliminary test of Broidy and Agnew’s gender/gst hypotheses. Justice Quarterly, 21, 125-158.
34. Robbers, L. P. M. (2004). Revisiting the moderating effect of social support on strain: A gendered test. Sociological Inquiry, 74, 546-569.
35. Sharp, F. S., Brewster, D., & Love, S. R. (2005). Disentangling strain, personal attributes affective response and deviance: A gendered analysis. Deviant Behavior, 26, 133-157.
36. Sigfusdottir, I., Farkas, G., & Silver, E. (2004). The role of depressed mood and anger in the relationship between family conflict and delinquent behavior. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33, 509-522.
37. Simons, L. R., Chen, Y., Stewart, E. A., & Broidy, G. H. (2003). Incidents of discrimination and risk for delinquency: A longitudinal test of strain theory with an African American sample. Justice Quarterly, 20, 827-854.
38. Vowell, R. P., & May, D. C. (2000). Another look at classic strain theory: Poverty status, perceived blocked opportunity, and gang membership as predictors of adolescent violent behavior. Sociological Inquiry, 70, 42-60.