DIŞ POLİTİKA ANALİZİNDE GELENEKSEL REALİST TEORİYİ SORGULAYAN YAKLAŞIMLARIN ORTAYA ÇIKIŞI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Öz

Özet Dış Politika (DP), en genel anlamıyla farklı aktörlerin, özellikle de devletlerin, uluslararası sistem içerisinde birbirileriyle olan etkileşimleri ve takındıkları tavırların tümü olarak tanımlanabilir. Dış Politikanın gelişimi ulusal sınırlar içerisinde gelişen düşüncelerden, başka devletlerin politikalarından, tavırlarından veya belirli jeopolitik amaçları gütme planlarından etkilenir. Dış Politika Analizi (DPA) de en genel anlamıyla bu farklı aktörlerin, özellikle de devletlerin, dinamik uluslararası sistem içerisinde birbirleriyle kurdukları ilişkileri ve bu ilişkilerin uygulamalarını inceler. DPA disiplininin gelişim süreci içerisinde doğan her yeni yaklaşım farklı bir bakış açısına sahiptir. Bu yüzden dış politika, Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplinin nerdeyse bütün ana yaklaşımları için olduğu kadar, disiplinler arası bir inceleme gerektirmektedir. DPA disiplinin merkezinde, karar vermeyi, bireysel karar vericileri, dış politikayı ve alınan kararların çıktılarını etkileyen süreç ve koşulların incelenmesi yer alır. Bu nedenle, DPA doğal olarak yalnızca devletin resmi karar alma mekanizmasına dâhil olan aktörleri değil, aynı zamanda devletin dış politikası üzerinde etkisi olan ulus-altı ve ulus-ötesi unsurları da inceleme konusu yapar. Bu çalışma merkezine “Günümüze dek gelen süreç içerisinde Dış Politika Analizine yönelik ne tür yaklaşımlar gelişti ve gelişen bu farklı yaklaşımların özelde Dış Politika Analizine, genelde ise Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplinine katkıları nelerdir?” sorusunu almaktadır. Bu çalışma, merkezine aldığı sorunsalı açıklamaya çalışırken bu yaklaşımların ortaya çıkışını zorunlu kılan faktörlerin genel bir betimlemesini yaparak dış politikanın nasıl bir yaklaşımla daha iyi analiz edilebileceği tartışmalarına da değinerek DPA alanının temel kusurunun ne olduğunu belirterek bitirecek.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Devlet,
• Dış Politika,
• Uluslararası İlişkiler,
• İdealizm,
• Realizm,
• Çoğulculuk.

A STUDY ON THE EMERGENCE OF THE APPROACHES QUESTIONING THE TRADITIONAL REALIST THEORY OF FOREIGN POLICY ANALYSIS

Öz

Abstract Foreign policy, in the most general sense, can be defined as the conduct and practice of relations between different actors, principally states in international system. The Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) however, is the study of the activities and interactions between different actors, chiefly states, in global system. The field of FPA emerged as a direct result of general dissatisfaction and reactions arising precisely from the evident inability of realism to produce credible statements about foreign policy outcomes. Subsequently, the field developed naturally as a reaction to hegemony of realism in the discipline and to its mainly state-centric explanations of state, state’s bilateral relations or its interactions through multilateral institutions. The Foreign Policy Analysis focuses on the foreign policy processes instead of foreign policy outcomes. As it is the case for almost all the essential approaches of the International Relations discipline, foreign policy too indicates an interdisciplinary study of the subject. This paper, thus touches upon the fundamental studies of foreign policy analysts in the 1950s and 1960s and other arguments that have been put forward against the realist views and the unquestionable superiority of realism in the discipline of international relations. The paper attentively examines the emergence of Foreign Policy Analysis Approaches. Within these perspectives this study attempts to answer the following central questions: What kind of approaches have emerged in the development process of the FPA that has come to date? what are the main contributions of these various approaches to FPA in particular and to the discipline of International Relations in general?

Anahtar Kelimeler

• State, Foreign Policy,
• Internarional Relations,
• Idealism, Realism, Pluralism.

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