TRANSLATION THEORIES

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 97 - 108, 30.06.2017

Lokman Tanrıkulu

Öz

Translation process is an
irreplaceable activity which brings societies and individuals together and
which helps them have dialogue and communicate with each other. It dates back
as far as the beginning of the history of mankind. Through this historical period
inter-communal communication has gradually grown and translation process has
developed and become a field of science. As translation science is based on a
broad historical process, we need to mention quite a lot of factors when
defining the term of translation process. Translation science is a discipline
which studies the translation process and the text produced as a result of this
process with all its details.

According to Anton Popovic (1987),
translation theory is a science which studies the systemic examination of
translation and its task is to structure the translation process and the text.
Similarly, Peter Newmark (1981) defines translation theory as a body of
information related to translation process.

By the second half of the 20th
century the prevailing opinion was that morphological properties of texts
should be given particular attention and artistic influences of written texts
may not be conveyed to the target recipient with full correctness and therefore
source text oriented linguistic approaches were adopted. In this approach the
criteria is the source text. With this understanding, translator makes
translation depending on the source text, which means depending only on the
words without looking to the general text. In source text oriented translation,
target culture reader is not expected to be as much influenced as the source
culture reader. 

Translator depending on the source
text deals with the text within the discourse facilities in his own language or
may present the text with a different form of expression which is unfamiliar to
the reader of his mother tongue. Given the fast growing globalization and
accordingly, rapidly  increasing communication facilities, international
relations, increasing interest of men in other cultures, source language
oriented approaches were replaced with target language oriented approaches. In
this new approach the general text is of more importance than the words. The
goal is not translating the words but being able to convey the main idea of the
text in the source language to the target recipient. In target language
oriented approach, target culture reader is expected to get influenced from the
text as much as the source culture reader. The studies up to now examine
various aspects of translation process.  Quite a number of dignified
scientists in this field mention that translation is a very complicated process
and it has pragmatic and communicational dimensions. In our study we are going
to try to sum up briefly the theories and views of Levy, Koller, Klöpfer, Apel
and Reiss & Vermeer. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Translation Process, Translation Science, History of Translation

Kaynakça

• Aksoy, B., Bengi, İ. &Karantay, S. (1995): Çeviri ve çeviri kuramı üstüne söylemler. İstanbul:Düzlem.
• Aksoy, B. (2002): Geçmişten günümüze yazın çevirisi. Ankara:İmge.
• Aktaş, T. (1996): Çeviri işlemine genel bir bakış. Ankara:Orsen.
• Apel, F. (1983): Literarische Übersetzung. Stuttgart: Metzler Verlag.
• Baker, M. (2001): Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies. Londra:Routledge.
• Eruz, F.Sakine (2003):’’Çeviriden Çeviribilime’’,Multılıngual Yabancı Dil Yayınları, İstanbul.
• Göktürk, A. (2002): Çeviri: Dillerin Dili. İstanbul. Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
• Gürçağlar, Şehnaz Tahir (2016): Çevirinin ABC’si, Say Yayınları, İstanbul.
• Kloepfer, Rolf. (1967): Die Theorie der literarischen Übersetzung. W.Fink, München.
• Koller, Werner (1972): Grundprobleme der Übersetzungstheorie. Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung schwe¬disch-deutscher Übersetzungsfälle. Francke, Bern/München.
• Koller, Werner (1987): Einführung in die Übersetzungswissenschaft. Quelle & Meyer, Heidelberg.
• Levy,Jiri (1969): ‘’Die literarische Übersetzung,Theorie einer Kunstgattung’’ Frankfurt am Main-Bonn.
• Link, Jürgen (1997):Elemente der Lyrik. In: Literaturwissenschaft. Ein Grundkurs. Hg. von Helmut Brackert und Jörn Stückrath. Reinbek b. Hamburg 1997(=Rowohlts Enzyklopädie), S. 86-101.
• Newmark, Peter (1981): Approaches to Translation, Oxford-Frankfurt/M.
• Nord, Christiane (1993) :’’Einführung in das funktionale Übersetzen am Beispiel von Titeln und Überschriften’’,Tübinger Beiträge zur Linguistik 281,Tübingen.
• Ozankaya, Özer (1995): Temel Toplumbilimleri Sözlüğü, Cem Yayınevi, İstanbul, s. 85
• Popovic, Anton (1987): ‘’Yazın Terimleri Sözlüğü’’ Haz.Suat Karantay-Yurdanur Salman Metis Yay.,İstanbul.
• Rifat, Mehmet (2004): Çeviri (bilim) nedir? –Başkasının Bakışı. İstanbul:Dünya.
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• Türkçe Sözlük, (1988): Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları 549, Ankara, s. 929.
• Vardar, Berke (1988): “Açıklamalı Dilbilim Terimleri Sözlüğü”, ABC Kitapevi, İstanbul.
• Vermeer, H.J. (2004): Hans J. Vermeer ile söyleşi. Varlık Aylık Edebiyat ve Kültür Dergisi, 1155, 30-33.
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