Japonya'nın bir göç ülkesine temkinli geçişi ve Türkiye için olası fırsatlar

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: Türkiye-Japonya İlişkileri 100. Yıl Özel Sayısı, 272 - 288

Kıvılcım Erkan

https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1550925

Öz

Daha önce düşük vasıflı yabancı işçilere kapalı bir ülke olan Japonya, düşük vasıflı yabancı işçi alımını ve kalıcı yerleşimini aşamalı bir şekilde artırmayı amaçlayan yeni programlar uygulamaya koymuştur. Japonya'nın yeni girişimlerini ele alan az sayıda çalışma olmasına rağmen, Japonya'nın düşük vasıflı işçilerin kalıcı yerleşimi konusunda neden dolambaçlı bir yol benimsediği sorusu şimdiye kadar aydınlatılamamıştır. Bu makalenin amacı, Japonya'da ortaya çıkan yeni göç politikası açılımının temel özelliklerini ve bunun altında yatan nedenleri incelemektir. Çalışma, kamuya açık resmi belgeleri ve ikincil kaynakları kullanarak belge analizi uygulamıştır. Çalışmanın temel bulguları, Japonya’nın, göçmen işçilerin haklarının genişletilmesini ve daimî ikametgahı mesleki becerilerin geliştirilmesine bağlayan beceri temelli bir bakış açısı geliştirdiğidir. Yeni göç politikasını ortaya çıkaran başlıca nedenler, ülkenin ekonomik ihtiyaçları, ulusal imaj ve itibarını koruma arzusu ve düşük vasıflı/vasıfsız olarak adlandırılan yabancı işçiler üzerindeki olumsuz kamuoyu algısının etkisidir. Son bölümde Japonya'nın yeni göç politikasının Türkiye' için getirebileceği olası fırsatlar tartışılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Göç, Japonya, Düşük vasıflı işçiler, Türkiye

Japan's cautious transition to a migration country and potential opportunities for Türkiye

Öz

Previously a country closed to the so-called low-skilled foreign workers, Japan introduced new programs aimed at increasing the their intake and permanent settlement in an incremental way. Although few studies address these initiatives, the question of why Japan has adopted a convoluted way to the permanent settlement of low-skilled workers has not been illuminated so far. The objective of this paper is to examine the main characteristics of the emerging immigration policy in Japan and the underlying reasons thereof. The paper applied documentary analysis by utilizing publicly available official documents, and secondary literature on the topic. The main findings of the study are that Japan has developed a skills-based perspective which ties expansion of rights and permanent residency to the development of occupational skills. The new immigration policy has resulted from the economic needs of the country, the desire to protect its national image and reputation, and the influence of a negative public perception on the so-called low-skilled/unskilled foreign workers. The final section discusses the possible opportunities that Japan’s new immigration policy can bring for Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

IMMIGRATION, JAPAN, LOW-SKILLED WORKERS, TÜRKİYE

Kaynakça

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