Investigation of material deterioration and seismic behavior of Fertek and Hançerli Churches in Cappadocia Region

Abstract

Cappadocia is one of the rare natural and cultural centers on earth with its fairy chimneys, underground cities, rock churches, stone buildings and natural beauties. Among these artifacts, Fertek and Hançerli Churches that are subjected to the scope of the study are very original buildings with their superior construction techniques and rich workmanship according to the period they were built. In this study, the architectural features of Fertek and Hançerli Churches which were built in the 19th century and located within Niğde province in the Cappadocia Region were examined and material deteriorations were determined. In the light of the determinations, the existing static properties of these buildings were examined using Dynamic Finite Element Analysis program. Discoloration, vegetation, crack formation, humidification and partial mortar and stone loss were detected in both churches. When the analysis results are evaluated it has been determined that the buildings need repair and conservation depending on the region and soil class and considering the earthquake forces.

Keywords

• Cappadocia
• Church
• Seismic performance
• Stone deterioration.
• Historical monument

Kapadokya bölgesindeki Fertek ve Hançerli Kiliselerinin malzeme bozulmalarının ve sismik davranışlarının incelenmesi

Öz

Kapadokya Peribacaları, yeraltı şehirleri, kaya kiliseleri, taş yapıları ve doğal güzellikleri ile yeryüzündeki ender doğal ve kültürel merkezler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu eserlerden çalışma kapsamına alınan Fertek ve Hançerli Kiliseleri, yapıldıkları döneme göre üstün yapım teknikleri ve zengin işçiliği ile oldukça özgün yapılardır. Bu çalışmada Kapadokya Bölgesinde yer alan Niğde ili sınırları içerisinde bulunan ve 19. yüzyılda inşa edilen Fertek ve Hançerli Kiliselerinin mimari özellikleri incelenmiş ve malzeme bozulmaları tespit edilmiştir. Bu tespitler ışığında yapıların mevcut statik özellikleri Dinamik Sonlu Elemanlar Analizi programı kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Her iki kilise yapısında da renk bozulması, bitkilenme, çatlak oluşumu, nemlenme, kısmi harç ve taş kayıpları tespit edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde, yapıların bulunduğu bölgeye ve zemin sınıfına bağlı olarak ve deprem kuvvetleri dikkate alınarak onarım ve korumaya gereksinimlerinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kapadokya
• Kilise
• Sismik performans
• Taş bozulması.
• Tarihi anıt

Kaynakça

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