ÇATES lojmanları için merkezi ısıtma sistemlerinin farklı türlerinin teknik ve ekonomik yapılabilirliği üzerine bir durum çalışması

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Zonguldak Çatalağzı ÇATES lojmanları için su kaynaklı ısı pompası, kömür ve doğal gaz kazan-radyatörlü merkezi ısıtma sistemlerinin ekonomiksel olarak uygulanabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Bu sistemlerin toplam maliyetleri üzerinde TL/USD döviz kuru ile birlikte kömür, doğal gaz ve elektrik fiyarlarının etkileri gelecek 15 yıllık projeksiyonlar için ayrıca incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, doğal gaz kazan-radyatör sisteminin daha çok yapılabilir olduğu ve ısı pompası sisteminin kömürün artan fiyatlarından dolayı kurulumlarından yaklaşık olarak 3.5 yıl sonra toplam maliyetlerde kömür kazan-radyatör sistemi ile başa baş noktasına geldiğini göstemektedir. Diğer değişkenlerin son on yılın eğilimde olduğu şartlar altında, doların değerindeki artış tüm sistemlerin maliyetini düşürmekte ve ısı pompası ve kömür sistemleri için başa baş noktasına ulaşma zamanını uzatmaktadır. Buna ilaveten, yükselen elektrik fiyatları ısı pompası sisteminin maliyetini önemli derecede artırmaktadır. Kömür ısıtma systemi ısı pompası sistemine göre her yıl kömür fiyatındaki %13 azalma ile daha çok ekonomik olmaktadır. Doğal gazın fiyatında yıllık % 12 artış ısı pompası sistemini daha uygulanabilir yapmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Isıtma
• Isı pompası
• Kazan-radyatör
• Ekonomik analiz

A case study on the technical and economical feasibility of different types of central heating systems for ÇATES lodgements

Abstract

In this study, the practicability of central heating systems of water source heat pump, coal and natural gas boiler-radiator are economically investigated for ÇATES lodgements in Zonguldak Çatalağzı. The effects of prices of coal, natural gas and electricity with TL/USD exchange rates over the total costs of these systems are also examined for next 15 year projections. The results indicate that natural gas boiler-radiator system is more applicable and the heat pump system comes the head to head point with the coal boiler-radiator system in the total costs 3.5 years approximately after their installations because of increasing prices of coal. Under the conditions that the other variables are in the trends of the last ten years, the increase in the value of dollar decreases the costs of all systems and prolongs the time of reaching to the head to head point for the systems of heat pump and coal. Moreover, ascending electricity’s price significantly increases the cost of heat pump system. Coal heating system become more economic according to heat pump system by 13% decrease in coal’s price every year, and annual 12% increment in the price of natural gas makes heat pump system feasible.

Keywords

• Heating
• Heat pump
• Boiler-radiator
• Economic analysis

Kaynakça

1. S. Bazarchi, G. R. N. Bidhendi, I. Ghazi and A. A. Kasaeian, Techno-economic feasibility study for reducing the energy consumption in a building: A solar energy case study for Bandar Abbas. Journal of Thermal Engineering, 6, 4, 633-650, 2020.
2. F. Busato, R. Lazzarin and M. Noro, The control of renewable energies to improve the performance of multisource heat pump systems: A two-case study. Appl. Sci., 11, 6653, 17, 2021. https://doi.org/10.339 0/app11146653.
3. B. M. Salim, I. F. Abdulqadir, and F. M. Younis, Economic feasibility study of modern and conventional central heating systems for villa located in Duhok City, Iraq. Engineering and Technology Journal, 35, 725-736, 7, 2017.
4. S. Asumadu-Sarkodie and P. A. Owusu, Feasibility of biomass heating system in Middle East Technical University, Northern Cyprus Campus. Cogent Engineering, 3, 15, 1134304, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/23311916.2015.1134304.
5. J. Huang, J. Fan, and S. Furbo, Feasibility study on solar district heating in China. ISES Solar World Congress, Daegu, Korea, 2015.
6. Y. Cui, E. Theo, T. Gurler, Y. Su and R. Saffa, Feasibility of hybrid renewable heating system application in Poultry House: A case study of East Midlands, UK. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 16, 73–88, 2021. http://dx.doi:10.1093/ijlct/ctaa037.
7. Y. D. Jeong, M. G. Yu and Y. N. Narula, Feasibility study of a heating, cooling and domestic hot water system combining a photovoltaic-thermal system and a ground source heat pump. Energies, 10, 1243, 29, 2017. http://doi:10.3390/en10081243.
8. E. A. Sokolova, V. Linhartova and V. V. Sergeev, Economic feasibility of geothermal heat pumps for housing estate heating. St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University Journal. Economics, 228, 5, 43-53, 2015.

9. Y. N. Youn and Y. H. Im, Technical feasibility assessment for a novel fifth-generation district heating model of interconnected operation with a large-scale building. Sustainability, 14, 12857, 30, 2022. https:// doi.org/10.3390/su141912857.
10. B. Sangmu, K. Jaemin and N. Yujin, Feasibility study of high-efficiency ground heat exchanger using double u-tube through a real-scale experiment. KIEAE Journal, 17, 4, 33-39, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12813/ kieae.2017.17.4.033.
11. F. Szodrai and F. Z. Lajos, Operational feasibility assessment of geothermal heat harnessing systems. International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences, 6, 4, 46-53, 2021. https://doi.org/ 10.21791 /ijems.2021.4.5.
12. E. Negro, N. Cardinale and G. Rospi, Technical feasibility of heating systems for two school districts in the town of Matera. International Journal of Heat and Technology, 35, 4, 1051-1060, 2017. https://doi.org/ 10.18280/ijht.350442.
13. K. Narula, F. D. O. Filho, J. Chambers, E. Romano, P. Hollmuller and M. K. Patel, Assessment of techno-economic feasibility of centralised seasonal thermal energy storage for decarbonising the Swiss residential heating sector. Renewable Energy, 161, 1209-1225, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.06.099.
14. S. Xiao, D. Nefodov, M. Richter, M. Wordemann, and T. Urbaneck, Large heat pumps with hot water store in local heating systems – Investigation of operation strategies. Journal of Energy Storage, 63, 106924, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.106924.
15. P. Saini, M. Ghasemi, C. Arpagaus, F. Bless, S. Bertsch, and X. Zhang, Techno-economic comparative analysis of solar thermal collectors and high-temperature heat pumps for industrial steam generation. Energy Conversion and Management, 277, 116623, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.116623.
16. Y. Gonga, G. Maa, Y. Jianga, and L. Wanga, Research progress on the fifth-generation district heating system based on heat pump technology. Journal of Building Engineering, 71, 106533, 2023. https:// doi.org/10.101 6/j.jobe.2023.106533.
17. E. Assareh, A. Dejdar, A. Ershadi, M. Jafarian, M. Mansouri, A. S. Roshani, E. Azish, E. Saedpanah, and M. Lee, Techno-economic analysis of combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system integrated with multiple renewable energy sources and energy storage units. Energy & Buildings, 278, 112618, 2023. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112618.
18. O. Arslan, A. E. Arslan and T. E. Boukelia, Modelling and optimization of domestic thermal energy storage based heat pump system for geothermal district heating. Energy & Buildings, 282, 112792, 2023. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.112792.
19. W. Liu, J. Yao, T. Jia, Y. Zhao, Y. Dai, J. Zhu, and V. Novakovic, The performance optimization of DX-PVT heat pump system for residential heating. Renewable Energy, 206, 1106–1119, 2023. https:// doi.org/10.10 16/j.renene.2023.02.089.
20. M. Altınkaynak, R. Demirekin, and A. K. Yakut, Energy and exergy analysis of a PV-T collector welded heat pump system. NOHU J. Eng. Sci., 10, 2, 753-762, 2021. https://doi:10.28948/ngumuh.693384.
21. K. Stokowiec, S. Wcislik and D. Kotrys-Działak, Innovative Modernization of building heating systems: The economy and ecology of a hybrid district-heating substation. Inventions, 8, 43, 2023. https://doi.org/10 .3390/inventions8010043.
22. K. Çalık, Utilizing thermal power plant’s condensate cooling water’s waste heat fot heating of buildings. Ms.S. Thesis, Zonguldak Karaelmas University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Mechanical Engineering Department, Zonguldak, 2003.
23. Investing, TL USD exchange rates. http://tr.investing.com, Accessed 12 February 2023.
24. Energy Market Regulatory Authority, Price of electricity. http://www.epdk.gov.tr, Accessed 12 February 2023.
25. Enerya, Price of natural gas. http://portal.enerya.com.tr, Accessed 12 February 2023.
26. Veri Kaynağı, Price of coal. http://www.verikay nagi.com, Accessed 12 February 2023.
27. S. Öztürk, M. Eyriboyun and K. Çalık, ÇATES lojmanları için su kaynaklı isı pompası sisteminin ekonomik analizi. TTMD, 34-37, 2009.
28. The Ministiry of public works and settlement of the republic of Turkey. Unit Prises, 2023.