The effect of side wall and side wall opening on the out-of-plane behavior of masonry structures

Öz

The masonry structures built without technical knowledge are damaged and collapsed due to earthquakes. The walls forming the structural system of masonry structures are affected by parameters; such as material, labor, mortar, wall slenderness, gaps in the wall and in/out of plane position. The presence of supporting walls and the openings left in the wall, which are one of the parameters affecting the wall behavior, change the behavior considerably. In this study, the out-of-plane behavior of brick masonry walls was investigated experimentally and analytically. The presence of support walls placed perpendicular to the main wall in an out-of-plane position and the effect of door and window openings on the supporting walls on the main wall behavior have been the subject of research. In this context, ½ scale walls were produced with a single line and plain bond using harman bricks. The walls were tested on a one-way bending table. The walls were built between brick units without using mortar and 7 different wall models were considered. These are 4 U and 3 L geometry wall models in which the effects of side walls and openings are investigated. Three experiments were repeated in order to reach the correct result in each model. In the Abaqus-2019 program, the walls were modeled only on the basis of friction and pushover analysis were made with the simplified micro modeling technique. According to the results, the presence of side walls increased the stiffness of the main wall and the horizontal load capacity. The door and window openings on the side walls have reduced the rigidity of both the wall and the main wall. Earlier and brittle failure was observed with the increase in the number of openings.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Out-of-plane behavior
• Bending table
• Pushover analysis
• Brick
• Masonry

Proje Numarası

117M316

Yığma yapıların düzlem dışı davranışlarına yan duvarın ve yan duvar boşluğunun etkisi

Öz

Teknik bilgi içermeden yapılan yığma yapılar yaşanan depremler nedeniyle oldukça hasar görmekte ve göçmektedir. Yığma yapıların taşıyıcı sistemini oluşturan duvarlar; malzeme, işçilik, harç, duvar narinliği, duvarda bulunan boşluklar ve düzlem içi/dışı konumu gibi parametrelerden etkilenmektedir. Duvar davranışını etkileyen parametrelerden biri olan destek duvarların varlığı ve duvarda bırakılan boşluklar davranışı oldukça değiştirmektedir. Bu çalışmada tuğla yığma duvarların düzlem dışı davranışları deneysel ve analitik olarak araştırılmıştır. Düzlem dışı konumda bulunan ana duvara dik yerleştirilmiş destek duvarların varlığı ve destek duvarlarda bulunan kapı, pencere boşluklarının ana duvar davranışına etkisi araştırma konusu olmuştur. Bu bağlamda harman tuğlası kullanılarak tek sıra ve düz örgü ile ½ ölçekte duvarlar üretilmiştir. Duvarlar tek yönlü hareket eden eğilme masası üzerinde test edilmiştir. Duvarlar tuğla birimleri arasında harç kullanılmadan örülmüş ve 7 farklı duvar modeli göz önüne alınmıştır. Bunlar yan duvarların ve boşlukların etkisinin araştırıldığı 4 adet U ve 3 adet L geometrisinde duvar modelidir. Her modelde doğru sonuca ulaşmak için 3 adet deney tekrarlanmıştır. Duvarlar Abaqus-2019 programında basitleştirilmiş mikro modelleme tekniği ile sadece sürtünme esaslı modellenmiş ve itme analizleri yapılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre yan duvarların bulunması ana duvar rijitliğini ve yatay yük kapasitesini artırmıştır. Yan duvarlarda bulunan kapı ve pencere boşlukları hem bulunduğu duvarın hem de ana duvarın rijitliğini düşürmüştür. Boşluk miktarı artışı ile daha erken ve gevrek göçme görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Düzlem dışı davranış
• Eğilme masası
• İtme analizi
• Tuğla
• Yığma yapı

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

117M316

Teşekkür

Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK) tarafından 117M316 projesi ile destekleyen TÜBİTAK'a teşekkürlerimizi sunarım.

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