Kentsel atıksuda ve atıksu arıtma tesisinde bazı analjezik ve anti-enflamatuar farmasötiklerinin varlığı, giderimleri ve çevresel risk değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Farmasötiklerin sucul çevrelere ulaşmasındaki önemli kaynaklardan bir tanesi atıksu arıtma tesisi deşarjlarıdır. Bu çalışmada, Konya kenti kanalizasyon sisteminde bazı analjezik ve anti-enflamatuarların varlığı ve konsantrasyonu, Konya Atıksu Arıtma Tesisin (AAT)’de bu farmasötiklerin giderimi belirlenmiştir. AAT deşarjı ile alıcı ortama deşarj edilen farmasötiklerin oluşturduğu ekotoksikolojik risk balık, Daphnia magna ve alg için değerlendirilmiştir. Kanalizasyon sisteminin 22 farklı noktasından ve ATT giriş-çıkışından alınan örneklerin ekstraksiyonu katı faz ekstraksiyonu ile, farmasötiklerin kalitatif ve kantitatif analizleri ise sıvı kromatografisi kütle spektrometresi (LC-MS/MS) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kanalizasyon sisteminde etodolac 3875 ng/L, diclofenac 119 ng/L, flurbiprofen 247912 ng/L, naproxen 1827 ng/L, paracetamol 7204 ng/L, propyphenazone 2.23 ng/L ortalama konsantrasyonlarında tespit edilmiştir. AAT giriş ve çıkışında ise sırasıyla etodolac 5080 ng/L ve 19688 ng/L, diclofenac 248 ng/L ve 962 ng/L, naproxen 1924 ng/L ve 97.7 ng/L, paracetamol 3286 ng/L ve 109 ng/L, propyphenazone 7.3 ng/L ve 20.9 ng/L ortalama konsantrasyonlarında tespit edilmiştir. AAT’de naproxen, paracetamol farmasötikleri için %90 üzerinde giderim gözlenmiş, diğer farmasötiklerin tesiste giderilemediği görülmüştür. Çıkış atıksuyunda tespit edilen konsantrasyonlar ile yapılan risk değerlendirmesinde risk oranı (RQ) değerleri 4.3x10-5-2.6x10-2 aralığında tespit edilmiştir ve alıcı ortam için önemsiz risk oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna rağmen, farmasötiklerin alıcı ortamlarda bulunan tek kirletici olmadığı, konvansiyonel ve diğer mikrokirleticilerle bir arada bulunduğu, hepsinin ayrı ayrı toksik etkileri birleştiğinde ciddi çevresel sorunlar oluşturabileceği unutulmamalıdır. Ayrıca, farmasötikler çevresel ortamlarda ve canlı dokularda birikebilir, besin zincirine taşınabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Farmasötik
• analjezik
• anti-enflamatuar
• atıksu
• giderim

Presence, removal and environmental risk assessment of some analgesic and anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals in urban wastewater and wastewater treatment plant

Abstract

One of the important sources for pharmaceuticals to reach aquatic environments is wastewater treatment plant discharges. In this study, the presence and concentration of some analgesic and anti-inflammatory in the sewage system and the removal of these pharmaceuticals in Konya Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) were determined. Ecological risk posed by pharmaceuticals discharged to the receiving environment with WWTP discharge has been evaluated for fish, Daphnia magna and algae. Extraction of samples taken from 22 different points of the sewage system and WWTP influent and effluent was carried out with a solid phase extraction system. Qualitative and quantitative analyzes of pharmaceuticals were performed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Mean concentrations of etodolac 3875 ng/L, diclofenac 119 ng/L, flurbiprofen 247912 ng/L, naproxen 1827 ng/L, paracetamol 7204 ng/L, propyphenazone 2.23 ng/L were detected in the sewage system. Mean concentrations were detected for etodolac 5080 ng/L, 19688 ng/L, for diclofenac 248 ng/L, 962 ng/L, for naproxen 1924 ng/L, 97 ng/L, for paracetamol 3286 ng/L, 109 ng/L, for propyphenazone 7.30 ng/L, 20.9 ng/L at the influent and effluent of the WWTP, respectively. Over 90% removal was observed for naproxen and paracetamol in the WWTP, and it was observed that other pharmaceuticals could not be removed in the plant. In the risk assessment made with the concentrations detected in the effluent, the RQ values were determined in the range of 4.3x10-5-2.6x10-2 and it poses an insignificant risk for the receiving environment. However, it should be kept in mind that pharmaceuticals are not the only pollutants found in receiving environments, they coexist with conventional and other micropollutants, and when their toxic effects are combined, they can create serious environmental problems. In addition, pharmaceuticals can accumulate in environment and living tissues, enter the food chain.

Keywords

• Pharmaceutical
• analgesic
• anti-inflammatory
• wastewater
• removal

Kaynakça

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