Seismic behavior assessment of RC buildings controlled by passive and active techniques

Yıl 2024, , 10 - 27, 15.01.2024

Mustafa Ergün , Mehmet Uyar

https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1318649

Öz

In this paper, a numerical study was carried out on the effectiveness of the active earthquake control method in improving the earthquake response of RC buildings. High damping rubber bearing design was made according to the criteria of the Uniform Building Code. Three different types of isolators were obtained geometrically. Passive earthquake control of the building was provided by placing these isolators under the columns. For active earthquake control of the building, controller design was realized by integrating it into the FE transient analysis in ANSYS. The active earthquake control design was studied using a force-based and displacement-based controller with acceleration and displacement feedback. The linear dynamic earthquake analysis in the time history of all three states of the building (un-controlled, passive, and active-controlled) was made using the acceleration record of the Seferihisar (İzmir) earthquake. When the results are examined, it is seen that the active earthquake control method provides almost all of the positive behavior expected from the passive earthquake control method. In addition, it eliminates some of the disadvantages of the passive earthquake control method.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Reinforced Concrete Building, High Damping Rubber Bearing, Passive Earthquake Control, Active Earthquake Control, Actuator Type, Actuator Location

Pasif ve aktif tekniklerle kontrol edilen betonarme binaların sismik davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu makalede, betonarme binaların deprem davranışını iyileştirmede pasif deprem kontrol yöntemine bir alternatif olarak aktif deprem kontrol yönteminin etkinliği üzerine sayısal bir çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Binanın pasif kontrolü için gerekli olan yüksek sönümlü kauçuk izolatörlerin tasarımı Uniform Bina Yönetmeliği kriterlerine göre yapılmıştır. Geometrik olarak üç farklı tip izolatör elde edilmiştir. Bu izolatörler kolonların altına yerleştirilerek binanın pasif deprem kontrolü sağlanmıştır. Binanın aktif kontrolü için kullanılan kontrolör tasarımı, ANSYS'te sonlu eleman tabanlı zaman tanım alanında analizlere entegre edilerek gerçekleştirilmiştir. Aktif deprem kontrol tasarımı, ivme ve yer değiştirme geri beslemeli kuvvet tabanlı ve yer değiştirme tabanlı bir kontrolör kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Yapının her üç durumunun (kontrolsüz, pasif kontrollü ve aktif kontrollü) zaman tanım alanında doğrusal deprem analizi, Seferihisar (İzmir) depreminin ivme kaydı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde aktif deprem kontrol yönteminin pasif deprem kontrol yönteminden beklenen olumlu davranışların tamamına yakınını sağladığı ve bununla birlikte pasif deprem kontrol yönteminin bazı dezavantajlarını da ortadan kaldırdığı görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Betonarme Bina, Yüksek Sönümlü Kauçuk İzolatör, Pasif Deprem Kontrolü, Aktif Deprem Kontrolü, Aktüatör Tipi, Aktüatör Konumu

Kaynakça

• Geology.com. https://geology.com/plate-tectonics.shtml, Accessed 1 October 2022.
• Global Earthquake Hazard Map. https://www.globalquakemodel.org/gem-maps/global-earthquake-hazard-map, Accessed 1 October 2022.
• A. Ellero, G. Ottria, M. Marroni, L. Pandolfi and M. C. Göncüoğlu, Analysis of the North Anatolian Shear Zone in Central Pontides (northern Turkey): Insight for geometries and kinematics of deformation structures in a transpressional zone. Journal of Structural Geology, 72, 124–41, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jsg.2014.12.003.
• V. A. Zayas, S. S. Low and S. A. Mahin, A simple pendulum technique for achieving seismic isolation. Earthquake Spectra, 6, 317–33, 1990. https://doi.org/ 10.1193/1.15855.
• M. Constantinou, A. Mokha and A. Reinhorn, Teflon bearings in base isolation II: Modeling. Journal of Structural Engineering, 116 (2), 455–74, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)07339445(1990)116:2(455).
• D. V. Achillopoulou and N. K. Stamataki, Seismic design and assessment of the response of a glass pavilion. Journal of Building Engineering, 47, 103825, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103825.
• N. Güneş, Risk-targeted design of seismically isolated buildings. Journal of Building Engineering, 46, 103665, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jobe.2021.103665.
• J. Shang, P. Tan, J. Han, Y. Zhang and Y. Li, Performance of seismically isolated buildings with variable friction pendulum bearings under near-fault ground motions. Journal of Building Engineering, 45, 103584, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jobe.2021.103584.
• E. Ozer, M. Inel and B. T. Cayci, Seismic behavior of LRB and FPS type isolators considering torsional effects. Structures, 37, 267–83, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2022.01.011.
• T. Sheng, G. bin Liu, X. cheng Bian, W. xing Shi and Y. Chen, Development of a three-directional vibration isolator for buildings subject to metro and earthquake-induced vibrations. Engineering Structures, 252, 1–31, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113576.
• S. Kitayama and M. C. Constantinou, Performance evaluation of seismically isolated buildings near active faults. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 51 (5), 1017-37, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1002/ eqe.3602.
• J. C. Reyes, Seismic behaviour of torsionally-weak buildings with and without base isolators. Seismic Behaviour and Design of Irregular and Complex Civil Structures IV, Part of the Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering book series (GGEE), 50, 177–88, 2022.
• T. M. Al-Hussaini, M. M. Hoque and A. S. Moghadam, Seismic strengthening solutions for existing buildings. Civil Engineering for Disaster Risk Reduction, Part of the Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering Book Series (SPRTRCIENG), 359–72, 2022.
• S. Kitayama and H. Cilsalar, Seismic loss assessment of seismically isolated buildings designed by the procedures of ASCE/SEI 7-16. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 20, 1143–68, 2022. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/ s10518-021-01274-y.
• H. Du, Y. Wang, M. Han and L. F. Ibarra, Experimental seismic performance of a base-isolated building with displacement limiters. Engineering Structures, 244, 112811, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.engstruct.2021.112811.
• R. Astroza, J. P. Conte, J. I. Restrepo, H. Ebrahimian and T. Hutchinson, Seismic response analysis and modal identification of a full-scale five-story base-isolated building tested on the NEES@UCSD shake table. Engineering Structures, 238, 112087, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112087.
• A. Di Cesare, F. C. Ponzo and A. Telesca, Improving the earthquake resilience of isolated buildings with double concave curved surface sliders. Engineering Structures, 228, 111498, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.engstruct.2020.111498.
• E. Meral, Determination of seismic isolation effects on irregular RC buildings using friction pendulums. Structures, 34, 3436–52, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.istruc.2021.09.062.
• F. Mazza and M. Mazza, Nonlinear modelling of HDRBs in the seismic analysis of retrofitted and new base-isolated r.c. buildings. Structures, 33, 4148–61, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.07.010.
• N. Güneş and Z. Ç. Ulucan, Collapse probability of code-based design of a seismically isolated reinforced concrete building. Structures, 33, 2402–12, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.06.010.
• X. Wang, L. Xie, D. Zeng, C. Yang and Q. Liu, Seismic retrofitting of reinforced concrete frame-shear wall buildings using seismic isolation for resilient performance. Structures, 34, 4745–57, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.10.081.
• K. Jamdade, S. Dumne and P. Kalpana, Seismic analysis of multi-storied rcc building involving semi active vf damper and base isolators. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series A, 102, 1089–103, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-021-00578-1.
• I. Imran, D. M. Siringoringo and J. Michael, Seismic performance of reinforced concrete buildings with double concave friction pendulum base isolation system: case study of design by Indonesian code. Structures, 34, 462–78, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.07.084.
• A. R. Özuygur and E. N. Farsangi. Influence of pulse-like near-fault ground motions on the base-isolated buildings with LRB devices. Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 26, 04021027, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000603
• A. H. Deringöl and E. M. Güneyisi, Effect of using high damping rubber bearings for seismic isolation of the buildings. International Journal of Steel Structures, 21, 1698–722, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-021-00530-w.
• A. Chinchole, C. Singh Tumrate and D. Mishra, Design of base isolation system for a six storey reinforced concrete building. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 796, 012034, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/796/1/012075.
• P. Clemente, A. D. Cicco, F. Saitta and A. Salvatori, Seismic behavior of base isolated civil protection operative center in Foligno, Italy. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 35, 04021027, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001589.
• N. Murota, S. Suzuki, T. Mori, K. Wakishima, B. Sadan, C. Tuzun, F. Sutcu and M. Erdik, Performance of high-damping rubber bearings for seismic isolation of residential buildings in Turkey. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 143, 106620, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2021.106620.
• J. M. Jara, E. J. Hernández and B. A. Olmos, Effect of epicentral distance on the applicability of base isolation and energy dissipation systems to improve seismic behavior of RC buildings. Engineering Structures, 230, 111727, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.engstruct.2020.111727.
• F. Micozzi, A. Flora, L. R. S. Viggiani, D. Cardone, L. Ragni and A. Dall’asta, Risk assessment of reinforced concrete buildings with rubber isolation systems designed by the Italian Seismic Code. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 26 (14), 7245–75, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2021.1961937.
• A. Chanda and R. Debbarma, Probabilistic seismic analysis of base isolated buildings considering near and far field earthquake ground motions. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 18, 97–108, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2020.1836000.
• I. Gołębiowska and M. Dutkiewicz, Application of friction pendulum bearings in multistory buildings. Acoustics and Vibration of Mechanical Structures-AVMS 2019, Part of the Springer Proceedings in Physics book series (SPPHY), 251, 453–61, 2021.
• P. Sunagar, A. Bhashyam, M. Shashikant, K. S. Sreekeshava and A. K. Chaurasiya, Effect of different base isolation techniques in multistoried rc regular and irregular building. Trends in Civil Engineering and Challenges for Sustainability, Part of the Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering book series (LNCE) 99, 391–403, 2021.
• S. Etedali, K. Hasankhoie and M. R. Sohrabi, Seismic responses and energy dissipation of pure-friction and resilient‐friction base-isolated structures: A parametric study. Journal of Building Engineering, 29, 101194, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101194.
• K. Ye, Y. Xiao and L. Hu, A direct displacement-based design procedure for base-isolated building structures with lead rubber bearings (LRBs). Engineering Structures, 197, 109402, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.engstruct.2019.109402.
• H. Gazi and C. Alhan, Reliability of elastomeric-isolated buildings under historical earthquakes with/without forward-directivity effects. Engineering Structures, 195, 490–507, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.05.081.
• S. Kitayama and M. C. Constantinou, Probabilistic seismic performance assessment of seismically isolated buildings designed by the procedures of ASCE/SEI 7 and other enhanced criteria. Engineering Structures, 179, 566–82, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.engstruct.2018.11.014.
• C. Giarlelis, D. Koufalis and C. Repapis, Seismic isolation: An effective technique for the seismic retrofitting of a reinforced concrete building. Structural Engineering International, 30, 43–52, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/10168664.2019.1678449.
• A. H. Deringöl and E. M. Güneyisi, Effect of friction pendulum bearing properties on behaviour of buildings subjected to seismic loads. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 125, 105746, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105746.
• F. Mazza, M. Mazza and Vulcano A, Base-isolation systems for the seismic retrofitting of r.c. framed buildings with soft-storey subjected to near-fault earthquakes. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 109, 209–21, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.02.025.
• S. Kitayama and M. C. Constantinou, Collapse performance of seismically isolated buildings designed by the procedures of ASCE/SEI 7. Engineering Structures, 164, 243–58, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.engstruct.2018.03.008.
• M. M. Nasery, M. Ergun, S. Ates and M. Husem, “ Comparing the dynamic behavior of a hospital-type structure with fixed and isolated base. Earthquakes and Structures, 9, 657–71, 2015. https://doi.org/10.12989/ eas.2015.9.3.657.
• S. Ates S and M. Yurdakul, Site-response effects on RC buildings isolated by triple concave friction pendulum bearings. Computers and Concrete, 8, 693–715, 2011. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2011.8.6.693.
• M. Yurdakul and S. Ates, Modeling of triple concave friction pendulum bearings for seismic isolation of buildings. Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 40, 315–34, 2011. https://doi.org/10.12989/ sem.2011.40.3.315.
• R. C. Ümütlü, H. Ozturk and B. Bidikli, A robust adaptive control design for active tuned mass damper systems of multistory buildings. Journal of Vibration and Control, 27, 2765–77, 2020. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/1077546320966.
• M. Soleymani, A. H. Abolmasoumi, H. Bahrami, A. Khalatbari, E. Khoshbin and S. Sayahi, Modified sliding mode control of a seismic active mass damper system considering model uncertainties and input time delay. Journal of Vibration and Control, 24, 1051–64, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1177/107754631665747.
• C. Collette and S. Chesné, Robust hybrid mass damper. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 375, 19–27, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2016.04.030.
• N. Mamat, F. Yakub, S. A. Z. Shaikh Salim and M. S. Mat Ali, Seismic vibration suppression of a building with an adaptive nonsingular terminal sliding mode control. Journal of Vibration and Control, 26, 2136–47, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/10775463209153.
• R. Guclu and H. Yazici, Vibration control of a structure with ATMD against earthquake using fuzzy logic controllers. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 318, 36–49, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2008.03.058.
• L. Xu, Y. Cui and Z. Wang, Active tuned mass damper based vibration control for seismic excited adjacent buildings under actuator saturation. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 135, 106181, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2020.106181.
• A. Hossein HEIDARI, S. Etedali, M. Reza JAVAHERI-TAFTI. A hybrid LQR-PID control design for seismic control of buildings equipped with ATMD. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 12, 44–57, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-016-0382-6.
• K. Karami, S. Manie, K. Ghafouri and S. Nagarajaiah, Nonlinear structural control using integrated DDA/ISMP and semi-active tuned mass damper. Engineering Structures, 181, 589–604, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.12.059.
• UBC, Uniform Building Code, 1997.
• TEBC-2018, General Directorate for Foundations, Turkey Earthquake Building Code, Ankara, Turkey, 2018.
• General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, MTA 2018. http://www.mta.gov.tr/v3.0/, Accessed 1 October 2022.
• Disaster & Emergency Management Authority Presidential of Earthquake Department, AFAD. https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/, Accessed 1 October 2022.
• SAP2000, Integrated Finite Elements Analysis and Design of Structures, Computers and Structures, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA 2019.
• ANSYS, Swanson Analysis System, USA 2015.