Effect of tempering and cryogenic treatment on microstructure and tribological properties in X40CrMoV5-1 hot work tool steel

Öz

In this study, the effect of different heat treatments on the microstructure and hardness of an X40CrMoV5-1 hot work tool steel used as a mold material was investigated. Heat treatment processes were applied as austenitization, cryogenic treatment and two-stage tempering at three different temperatures. After heat treatments, the microstructures of the samples were examined with a light microscope and RockwellC hardness was measured. Then, tribological properties were investigated by applying nitriding surface treatment with gas nitriding method to certain samples selected according to tempering temperature and cryogenic treatment condition. The effect of cryogenic treatment on the tribological properties of nitrided samples was investigated with the specific wear rate and microscopic examinations as a result of the dry friction wear test. The results showed that the tribological properties of the nitrided samples in terms of specific wear rate and wear mechanism were better in the deep cryogenic treatment applied sample.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hot work tool steel
• Cryogenic treatment
• Nitriding
• Tribology

X40CrMoV5-1 sıcak iş takım çeliğinde menevişleme ve kriyojenik işlemin mikroyapı ve tribolojik özelliklere etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmada kalıp malzemesi olarak kullanılan bir X40CrMoV5-1 sıcak iş takım çeliğinde öncelikli olarak farklı ısıl işlemlerin mikroyapı ve sertlik üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Isıl işlem prosesleri, östenitleme, kriyojenik işlem ve üç farklı sıcaklıkta iki aşamalı menevişleme olarak uygulanmıştır. Isıl işlemler sonrasında numunelerin mikroyapıları ışık mikroskobu ile incelenmiş ve RockwellC sertlikleri ölçülmüştür. Daha sonra meneviş sıcaklığı ve kriyojenik işlem durumuna göre seçilen belirli numunelere gaz nitrasyon yöntemi ile nitrürleme yüzey işlemi uygulanarak tribolojik özellikler araştırılmıştır. Nitrürlenmiş numunelerde kriyojenik işlemin tribolojik özelliklere etkisi kuru sürtünme aşınma testi uygulanarak spesifik aşınma oranı ve mikroskobik incelemeler ile araştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, nitrürlenmiş numunelerden derin kriyojenik işlemin uygulandığı numunede tribolojik özelliklerin spesifik aşınma oranı ve aşınma mekanizması açısından daha iyi özellikler sergilediğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sıcak iş takım çeliği
• Kriyojenik işlem
• Nitrasyon
• Triboloji

Kaynakça

1. N. B. Dhokey, S. S. Maske and P. Ghosh, Effect of tempering and cryogenic treatment on wear and mechanical properties of hot work tool steel (H13). Materials Today: Proceedings, 43(5), 3006-3013, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.361.
2. E. B. Fonseca, J. D. Escobar, A. H. G. Gabriel, G. G. Ribamar, T. Boll and É. S. N. Lopes. Tempering of an additively manufactured microsegregated hot-work tool steel: A high-temperature synchrotron X-ray diffraction study. Additive Manufacturing, 55, 102812, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2022.102812.
3. F. Liu, C. Kang, R. Qian, Z. Jiang, X. Geng and H. Li. Effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and properties of a new type of nitrogen-containing hot-work die steel 3Cr7Mo2NiSiVN. Steel Research International, 93, 2200013, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202200013.
4. R. Thakurai, H. Patle, B. R. Sunil and R. Dumpala. Effect of cryogenic treatment duration on the microhardness and tribological behavior of 40CrMoV5 tool steel. Materials Today: Proceedings, 38(5), 2140-2144, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.05.126.
5. U. Al-Qawabeha. Effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties, microhardness, and impact energy of H13 alloy steel. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 8(2), 100-104, 2017.
6. H. Ding, T. Liu, J. Wei, L. Chen, F. Cao, B. Zhang, R. Luo and X. Cheng. Microstructure and tempering softening mechanism of modified H13 steel with the addition of tungsten, molybdenum, and lowering of chromium. Materials and Design, 224, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.111317.
7. S. Farahany, M. Ziaie and N. A. Nordin. Effect of triple tempering temperature on microstructure, mechanical and wear properties of K340 cold work tool steel. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-07791-4.
8. Z. Cheng, L. Pu, W. Shizhong, Y. Long, W. Xiaodong, M. Feng, J. Dongliang, C. Chong, P. Kunming, L. Cheng and L. Jingkui. Effect of tempering temperature on impact wear behavior of 30Cr3Mo2WNi hot-working die steel. Frontiers in Materials, 6, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2019.00149.

9. M. Tayanç ve G. Zeytin. Yüksek hız çeliklerinin iç yapı ve ısıl işlem özellikleri. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c.2, 1, 103-122, 2000.
10. D. Das, K. K. Ray and A. K. Dutta. Influence of temperature of sub-zero treatments on the wear behaviour of die steel. Wear, 267, 9–10, 1361-1370, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2008.11.029.
11. K. Arslan ve A. Şelte. Takım çeliklerinde sıfıraltı işlem mekanizması. Metalurji Dergisi, 167, 37-40, 2013.
12. M. Villa, K. Pantleon and M. A. J. Somers. Evolution of compressive strains in retained austenite during sub-zero celsius martensite formation and tempering. Acta Materialia, 65, 383-392, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2013.11.007.
13. A. Antony, N. M. Schmerl, A. Sokolova, R. Mahjoub, D. Fabijanic and N. E. Stanford. Quantification of the dislocation density, size, and volume fraction of precipitates in deep cryogenically treated martensitic steels. Metals, 10(11), 1561, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10111561.
14. P. Jurči, I. Dlouhý , P. Priknerová and Z. Mrštný. Effect of sub-zero treatment temperatures on hardness, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of Vanadis 6 ledeburitic die steel. Metals, 8(12), 1047, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8121047.
15. M. Kaba, M. Altay, E. Akyıldız, F. Muhaffel, S. Ozkurt, E. Atar, M. Baydogan and H. Çimenoğlu. Surface degradation of nitrided hot work tool steels under repeated impact-sliding contacts: Effect of compound layer. Wear, 498–499, 204300, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2022.204300.
16. V. Joshi, A. Srivastava, R. Shivpuri and E. Rolinski, Investigating tribochemical behavior of nitrided die casting die surfaces. Proceedings of the 6th International Tooling Conference, pp. 961-977, Karlstad, Sweden, 2002.
17. P. Ried, J. J. Moore, J. Lin, S. Carrera, S. Myers, A. Kunrath and B. Mishra, Design methodology for optimized die coatings used in aluminum pressure die casting. CastExpo’05, pp. 40-55, St. Louis, Missouri, ABD, 2005.
18. Y. Yamada, E. Hirohito and K. Takahashi. Influence of crystal structure of nitride compound layer on torsion fatigue strength of alloy steel. Metals, 9(12), 1352, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9121352.