Air pollution in Eskişehir: Spatio-temporal variation of PM10, PM2.5, and SO2 concentrations and evaluation of sources

Abstract

Determining the sources and their contributions to air quality in a region is of great importance for the development of effective control strategies. In this study, PM10, PM2.5, and SO2 data obtained from three different stations in Eskişehir were analyzed for 2023. At all stations, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations exceeded the limit values recommended by the World Health Organization. Analysis of temporal and spatial variations in pollutants, along with bivariate polar plots, revealed that traffic and residential heating have high contribution on all pollutants at Station 1. At Station 2, the contributions of traffic and residential heating to pollutants differed. At Station 3, anthropogenic sources were more effective for SO2 and PM2.5, while contribution of soil emissions was also observed for PM10. For PM10, the concentration weighted trajectory model identified the Central Anatolia and Aegean regions in Türkiye, as well as regions over Greece, as significant source regions.

Keywords

• Seasonal variation
• Bivariate polar plot
• Concentration weighted trajectory

Eskişehir’de hava kirliliği: PM10, PM2.5 ve SO2 konsantrasyonlarının mekânsal-zamansal değişimi ve kaynaklarının değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bir bölgedeki hava kalitesine etki eden kaynakların ve katkılarının belirlenmesi etkin kontrol stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Eskişehir'deki üç farklı istasyondan elde edilen PM10, PM2.5 ve SO2 verileri 2023 yılı için incelenmiştir. Tüm istasyonlarda, PM10 ve PM2.5 konsantrasyonlarının Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından önerilen sınır değerlerin üzerinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kirleticilerin zamansal ve mekânsal değişimleri ile iki değişkenli polar grafikleri incelendiğinde, İstasyon 1'de trafik ve evsel ısınmanın tüm kirleticiler üzerinde yüksek katkısı gözlenmiştir. İstasyon 2'de ise trafik ve ısınmanın kirleticiler üzerindeki katkıları farklılık göstermiştir. İstasyon 3'te ise SO2 ve PM2.5 üzerinde antropojenik kaynaklar daha etkili olurken, PM10'da toprak emisyonlarının etkisi de gözlenmiştir. PM10 için konsantrasyon ağırlıklı yörünge modeli, Türkiye'de İç Anadolu ve Ege bölgeleri ile Yunanistan üzerindeki bölgeleri önemli katkı sağlayan bölgeler olarak belirlemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mevsimsel değişim
• İki değişkenli polar grafik
• Konsantrasyon ağırlıklı yörünge

Kaynakça

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