Rölanti koşullarında çalışan benzinli bir motorun performans ve emisyonlarına asetilenin etkisi

Yıl 2024, , 1382 - 1388, 15.10.2024

Mehmet İlhan İlhak

https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1527226

Öz

Taşıt trafiğinin yoğun olduğu saatlerde yapılan şehir içi yol testlerine göre, taşıtların bekleme süreleri toplam çalışma zamanının yaklaşık %30-38’ ini oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle şehir içi ulaşım söz konusu olduğunda, içten yanmalı motorlar ile tahrik edilen ve taşıt sayısının büyük bir kısmını oluşturan binek otomobillerin boşta çalışırken tükettikleri yakıt miktarı ve buna bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan egzoz emisyonları önemli hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışma, yakıt olarak benzin-asetilen karışımları ve %100 asetilen kullanımının benzinli bir motorun rölanti performansı üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktadır. Dört zamanlı, dört silindirli, su soğutmalı, buji ateşlemeli bir otomobil motoru üzerinde yapılan deneyler, tek başına benzin yerine benzin-asetilen karışımlarının ve %100 asetilen kullanılmasının, karbon monoksit ve hidrokarbon emisyonlarında azalmaya, nitrojen oksit emisyonunda ise artışa neden olduğunu gösterdi. Benzinle çalışmada %2.2 olan karbonmonoksit emisyonu, benzine 100 ve 150 g/h debisinde asetilen ilavesi ile sırasıyla %1.1 ve %0.7 değerine düşerken, 895 ppm olan HC emisyonları ise 576 ppm ve 520 ppm olmuştur. Test motorunda %100 asetilen kullanılarak yapılan deneylerde, benzinle çalışmaya kıyasla karbon monoksit ve hidrokarbon emisyonlarında %96 azalma, nitrojen oksit emisyonlarında ise %650 artış olduğu gözlendi. Motora olan enerji akışında ise %20.5 azalma olduğu tespit edildi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Asetilen, Benzin, Kıvılcım ateşlemeli motorlar, Emisyonlar, Enerji

Effect of acetylene on the performance and emissions of a gasoline engine operating under idle conditions

Öz

According to city road tests conducted during peak vehicle traffic hours, vehicle idle times constitute about 30-38% of the total running time. Therefore, when it comes to urban transportation, the fuel consumption and resulting exhaust emissions from passenger cars powered by internal combustion engines and constitute a large portion of the number of vehicles, become significant while idling. This study investigates the effects of using acetylene as fuel on the idling performance of a gasoline engine. Experiments conducted on a four-stroke, four-cylinder, water-cooled, spark-ignition automobile engine showed that using gasoline-acetylene mixtures and 100% acetylene instead of gasoline alone resulted in a decrease in carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions and an increase in nitrogen oxide emission. Carbon monoxide emissions, which were 2.2% in gasoline operation, decreased to 1.1% and 0.7% with the addition of acetylene to gasoline at 100 and 150 g/h flow rates, respectively, while HC emissions, which were 895 ppm, became 576 ppm and 520 ppm. In experiments using 100% acetylene in the test engine, it was observed that there was a 96% reduction in carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions and a 650% increase in nitrogen oxide emissions compared to running on gasoline. It was found that there was a 20.5% decrease in the energy flow to the engine.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Acetylene, Gasoline, Spark ignition engines, Emissions, Energy

Kaynakça

• https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Motorlu-Kara-Tasitlari-Haziran-2024-53458&dil=1
• H. Y. Tong, W. T. Hung, and C. S. Cheung, Development of a driving cycle for Hong Kong. Atmospheric Environment, 33 (15), 2323-2335, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00074-6
• Q. Wang, H. Huo, K. He, Z. Yao, and Q. Zhang, Characterization of vehicle driving patterns and development of driving cycles in Chinese cities. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment,13 (5), 289-297, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2008.03.003
• H. Yaşar, İçten Yanmalı Motorlar Mühendislik Temelleri, İzmir Güven Kitabevi, İzmir, 2016.
• C. Ji and S. Wang, Combustion and emissions performance of a hybrid hydrogen–gasoline engine at idle and lean conditions. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 35, 346-355, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.10.074
• S. Wang, C. Ji, M. Zang, and B. Zang, Reducing the idle speed of a spark-ignited gasoline engine with hydrogen addition. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 35, 10580-10588, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.08.002
• Y. He, F. Ma, J. Deng, Y. Shao, and X. Jian, Reducing the idle speed of an SI CNG engine fueled by HCNG with high hydrogen ratio. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 37, 8698-8703, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.02.062
• F. Ma, Y. He, J. Deng, L. Jiang, N. Naeve, M. Wang, and R. Chen, Idle characteristics of a hydrogen fueled SI engine. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36, 4454-4460, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.12.121
• C. Ji, C. Liang, Y. Zhu, X. Liu, and B. Gao, Investigation on idle performance of a spark-ignited ethanol engine with dimethyl ether addition. Fuel Processing Technology, 94, 94-100, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.10.006
• Y. Chen and R. Raine, The effects of hydrogen supplementation on idle performance and emissions of an SI engine. Fuel, 176, 190-199, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.02.055
• Y. Karagöz, T. Sandalcı, and A. S. Dalkılıç, Effects of hydrogen and oxygen enrichment on performance and emissions of an SI engine under idle operating condition. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 40, 8607-8619, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.05.006
• C. Ji, L. Shi, S. Wang, X. Cong, T. Su, and M. Yu, Investigation on performance of a spark-ignition engine fueled with dimethyl ether and gasoline mixture under idle and stoichiometric conditions. Energy, 126, 334-342, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.03.045
• K. V. Shivaprasad, P. R. Chitragar, and G. N. Kumar, Effect of hydrogen addition on combustion and emissions performance of a high speed spark ignited engine at idle condition. Therma Science, 22, (3), 1405-1413, 2018. https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI180407157S
• M. İ. Ilhak, S. Tangöz, S. O. Akansu, and N. Kahraman, An experimental investigation of the use of gasoline-acetylene mixtures at different excess air ratios in an SI engine. Energy 175, 434-444, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.03.058
• G. Çınar, A. Eldamanhory, S. O. Akansu, H. E. Fil, and M. İ. İlhak, Experimental study on an SI engine fuelled by lpg/acetylene mixtures. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 21 (5), 1323-1331, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-020-0125-5
• S. Tangöz, M. İ. Ilhak, S. O. Akansu, and N. Kahraman, Experimental investigation of performance and emissions of an SI engine fueled by acetylene-methane and acetylene-hydrogen blends. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27 (6), 4174-4185, 2018.
• E. Vural ve S. Özer, Buji ateslemeli motorlarda yakıta asetilen gazı ilavesinin egzoz emisyonlarına etkisinin deneysel analizi. BEÜ Fen Bilimleri, 3 (1), 24-34, 2014.
• M. İ. İlhak, R. Doğan, S. O. Akansu, and N. Kahraman, Experimental study on an SI engine fueled by gasoline, ethanol and acetylene at partial loads. Fuel, 261, 116148, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116148
• H. E. Fil, S. O. Akansu, and M. İ. İlhak, Experimental assessment on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the use of diesel-acetylene mixtures at different loads in a ci engine. Fuel, 324, 124469, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124469
• M. İ. İlhak, Effects of using acetylene-enriched biogas on performance and exhaust emissions of a dual fuel stationary diesel engine. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 188, 1318-1325, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.06.018
• T. Lakshmanan and G. Nagarajan, Experimental investigation of timed manifold injection of acetylene in direct injection diesel engine in dual fuel mode. Energy, 35 (8),3172-3178, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2010.03.055
• J. B. Heywood, Internal combustion engine fundamentals. Singapore: McGraw Hill Book Company; 1998.
• R. Stone, Introduction to internal combustion engines (Second edition). The Macmillan Press LTD. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London, 1992.
• C.R. Ferguson and A.T. Kirkpatrick. Internal combustion engines applied thermosciences (3th edition). John Wiley & Sons Ltd, United Kingdom, 2016.