Landsat-8 uydu verilerini kullanarak Kütahya'daki kentsel isı adasının (UHI) mekansal değerlendirmesi

Yıl 2025, , 122 - 131, 15.01.2025

Ali Samet Öngen , Enes Zengin

https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1527341

Öz

Kentsel Isı Adası (UHI) etkisi, şehir alanlarının, insan faaliyetleri ve değişiklikleri nedeniyle, kırsal çevreye göre önemli ölçüde daha yüksek sıcaklıklara maruz kalması olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu değişiklikler arasında doğal arazi örtüsünün geçirimsiz yüzeylerle değişmesi, bitki örtüsünün azalması ve ısıyı emen malzemelerin artması yer almaktadır. Kütahya merkez ilçesinin, yoğun nüfusu ve bina yerleşimi UHI etkisinin artmasına neden olmaktadır. Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS) ve araçları, kentsel alanlardaki UHI'yi değerlendirmede yaygın olarak kullanılmakta olup, hem araştırmacılara hem de yerel yetkililere önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında Landsat-8 uydu verileri kullanılarak Kütahya’daki kentsel ısı adasının mekansal olarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma alanı için Kentsel Isı Adası (UHI) haritası oluşturmak amacıyla 8 Ağustos 2023'te (Path: 179, Row: 33, Cloud Cover: %0) alınan Landsat-8 görüntüleri kullanılmış, 10.60 - 11.19 µm aralığında çalışan verilerinden yararlanılmıştır. Kütahya şehir merkezi için Landsat-8 verileri kullanılarak yapılan mekansal analizle altı farklı sınıf tanımlanmış olup, arazi yüzey sıcaklığı değerleri kullanılarak UHI haritası oluşturulmuştur. En yüksek ve en düşük UHI değerleri sırasıyla 4.245°C ile -3.457°C arasında değişmektedir. Yoğun bina yapısının bulunmadığı, kaya yüzeyleri ve sınırlı yeşil alanlarla karakterize edilen bölgelerde ortalama UHI'nin %12 arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Buna karşılık, parklar, ormanlar ve seyrek yerleşim alanları olan bölgelerde UHI %10 azalmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile Kütahya şehir merkezi için kapsamlı bir UHI değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçların araştırmacılar ve yerel yetkililer için önemli bir kaynak olması beklenirken, mühendislik jeolojisi, kentsel jeoloji ve şehir planlama alanlarında da faydalı olması öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kütahya, Landsat-8, Yüzey sıcaklığı, Mekansal analiz, Kentsel ısı adası

Proje Numarası

2024-01

Spatial assessment of urban heat island (UHI) in Kütahya using Landsat-8 satellite data

Öz

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect refers to the phenomenon where urban areas experience significantly higher temperatures than their rural surroundings due to human activities and modifications, such as replacing natural land cover with impervious surfaces, reducing vegetation, and increasing heat-absorbing materials. Kütahya central district has a dense population and building layout, which contributes to the intense UHI. Geographic Information System (GIS) and its tools are widely used in assessing UHI in urban areas, providing insights for both researchers and local authorities. The study aims to spatially evaluate the urban heat island in Kütahya using Landsat-8 satellite data. Landsat-8 images, operating in the 10.60 - 11.19 µm range acquired on August 8, 2023 (Path: 179, Row: 33, Cloud Cover: 0%) were utilized to create the Urban Heat Island (UHI) map for the study area. Through spatial analysis using Landsat-8 data for Kütahya city center, six different classes were defined, with the UHI map created using land surface temperature values. The highest and lowest UHI values vary between 4.245°C and -3.457°C. It has been observed that the average UHI increases by 12% in areas lacking dense building structures, characterized by rock surfaces and limited green areas. Conversely, in areas with parks, forests, and sparse settlements, the UHI decreases by 10%. With this study, a comprehensive evaluation of UHI was conducted for Kütahya city center. While the results obtained are expected to be an important resource for researchers and local authorities, they are also anticipated to be beneficial in the fields of engineering geology, urban geology, and urban planning.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kütahya, Landsat-8, Land surface temperature, Spatial analysis, Urban heat island

Proje Numarası

2024-01

Kaynakça

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