Investigation of genetically optimized pixel monopole patch antennas for miniaturization and wideband applications

Abstract

A pixel based synthesis method driven by a genetic algorithm is applied to a rectangular monopole patch antenna on FR 4. A 7x13 grid with 5 mm x 5 mm pixels is optimized with a single |S_11 | objective to realize two contrasting designs: a miniaturized antenna that shifts resonance from 3.5 GHz to 1 GHz while reducing the linear size by 65%, and a wideband antenna that maintains |S_11 |≤-10 dB across 1.9-6 GHz. Full-wave CST simulations validate both cases without altering substrate or feed. The miniaturized version is bandwidth limited, whereas the wideband version exhibits radiation pattern variation—shortcomings that stem from the deliberately simple cost function. Results confirm the versatility of pixel antennas and indicate that multi objective or machine learning assisted optimization can further enhance performance.

Keywords

• Pixel antenna
• Antenna optimization
• Genetic algorithm
• Miniaturization
• Wideband monopole

Minyatürleştirme ve geniş bant çalışmaları için genetik olarak optimize edilmiş piksel monopol yama antenlerin incelemesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, FR 4 üzerinde dikdörtgen monopole yama antene genetik algoritma destekli piksel tabanlı bir tasarım yöntemi uygulanmıştır. 5 mm x 5 mm boyutlu pikseller ile 7x13 olarak pikselleştirilmiş yapı, yalnızca |S_11 |’e bağlı optimize edilerek iki farklı tasarım elde edilmiştir: rezonansı 3.5 GHz’ten 1 GHz’e kaydırarak boyutu doğrusal olarak %65 azaltan minyatür anten ve 1.9-6 GHz aralığında |S_11 |≤-10 dB sağlayan geniş bant anten. Her iki tasarım da besleme veya substrat değiştirmeden tam dalga CST benzetimleriyle doğrulanmıştır. Basit maliyet fonksiyonuna bağlı olarak mini anten dar bant genişliği, geniş bant anten ise desen değişkenliği göstermektedir. Sonuçlar piksel anten yaklaşımının esnekliğini gösterirken, çoklu hedefli veya makine öğrenmesi destekli optimizasyonlarla performansın daha da iyileştirilebileceği görülebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Piksel anten
• Anten optimizasyonu
• Genetik algoritma
• Minyatürizasyon
• Geniş bant monopol

Kaynakça

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