NİĞDE BÖLGESİ KALSİTLERİNİN KAZISINDA KOLLU GALERİ AÇMA MAKİNESİ KULLANILABİLİRLİĞİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Öz

Niğde bölgesinde yer alan kalsit işletmeleri açık ocak madenciliği yöntemi ile işletilmekte ve bu işletmelerde kazı için delme patlatma yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Delme ve patlatma yönteminin masrafları toplam işletme masrafları içerisinde önemli bir parametredir. Bunun yanında özellikle verimsiz delme patlatma uygulamalarından sonra oluşan büyük bloklar da bu maliyeti artıracaktır. Mekanize kazı yöntemlerinin uygulandığı işletmelerde ise kazı işlemleri daha hızlı olmakta ve uygun kazıcının seçilmesi ile üretim maliyeti delme patlatma yöntemine kıyasla daha az olmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmada Niğde bölgesinde bulunan kalsit işletmelerinde kollu galeri açma makinesi (KGAM) kullanılabilirliği ve performansları araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda farklı kalsit işletmelerine ait hammadde sahalarından numuneler alınmış ve laboratuvar deneyleri ile fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Farklı araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen performans tahmin modelleri kullanılarak kalsit kazısı için KGAM kazı performans tahmini yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, KGAM kullanımında önemli bir parametre olan kesici uç tüketimi de teorik yaklaşımlar kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kollu galeri açma makinesi,Kalsit,Performans tahmini,Kesici uç tüketimi,Anlık kazı hızı

INVESTIGATION OF THE USABILITY OF ROADHEADERS IN EXCAVATION OF CALCITE IN NİĞDE REGION

Abstract

Open-pit mining method is used in many calcite mines located in Niğde region and drilling and blasting method is applied in these mines for excavation. The application costs of drilling and blasting are important parameters in total operating costs. In addition, especially large blocks obtained after inefficient drilling blasting applications will increase this cost. The excavations are faster in mines that using the mechanical excavators and by selecting the proper machine, the cost of production is less than the drilling and blasting method. In this study, the usability and performances of roadheaders were investigated in calcite mines in Niğde region. In this purpose, calcite samples were collected from the different calcite mines in Niğde region and firstly, their physical and mechanical properties were determined by laboratory tests. Then, for calcite excavation, the performance of KGAM was estimated with using performance prediction models developed by different researchers. In addition, cutter consumption rate, an important parameter in the use of KGAM, has been estimated using theoretical models.

Keywords

• Roadheaders,Calcite,Performance prediction,Cutter consumption,Instantaneous cutting rate

Kaynakça

1. [1] PAKES, G., “Selection of Methods”, World Tunneling, 4, 9, November, 1991.
2. [2] ESKİKAYA, Ş., “Ereğli Kömür İşletmesi Kozlu ve Armutçuk Bölgelerinde Hazırlık Galerilerinin Galeri Açma Makinaları ile Açılması ve En Uygun Makina Tiplerinin Tespiti, TÜBİTAK Projesi, Proje No: 542, 1981.
3. [3] ÖZDEMİR, L., (Çeviren : Prof. Dr. Ş. Eskikaya), "Sert Kayaç Madenciliği Mekanik Kazı Teknolojisinde Son Gelişmeler", İTÜ Maden Fakültesi Tünel ve Galeri Açma Meslek içi Semineri, 1994.
4. [4] BREITRICK. M.E., “Using a Roadheader for Underground Gold Mining” Mining Engineering, 43-46, March, 1998.
5. [5] BİLGİN, N., ÇOPUR, H., BALCI, C., TUNÇDEMİR, H., TUMAÇ, D., FERİDUNOĞLU, C., “Selection of a mechanical mining system for an underground chromite mine”, in: Int. Symp. Mine Plann. Equip. Selection. Banff Alberta Canada, pp. 120–144, 2005.
6. [6] TUNÇDEMIR, H., COPUR, H., FERIDUNOGLU, C., BILGIN, N., “Possibility of Using Mechanical Miners in Underground Chromite Mines’ Ore Productions and Two Different Examples”, 18th Int. Mining Congress, 135–141, 2003.
7. [7] TUNÇDEMIR, H., “Investigation into Application of Boom Type Machines for Mineral Excavations”, PhD Thesis. Istanbul Technical University, 2002.
8. [8] COMAKLI, R., KAHRAMAN, S., BALCI, C., “Performance Prediction of Roadheaders in Metallic Ore Excavation” Tunneling and Underground Space Technology 40, 38–45, 2014.

9. [9] OCAK, İ., “Comparison of Machine Utilization Time and Performance for Roadheader and Impact Hammer in Kadikoy – Kartal Metro Tunnels (Istanbul)”, 8th International Scientific Conference, Modern Management of Mine Producing, Geology and Environmental Protection. Varna–Bulgaria, 269–276, 2008.
10. [10] OCAK, İ., BILGIN, N., “Comparative Studies on the Performance of a Roadheader, Impact Hammer and Drilling and Blasting Method in the Excavation of Metro Station Tunnels in Istanbul”, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 25, 181–187, 2010.
11. [11] ROSTAMI, J., OZDEMIR, L., NEIL, D.M., “Performance Prediction: a Key Issue in Mechanical Hard Rock Mining”, Min. Eng. 1263–1267, 1994.
12. [12] ULUSAY, R., HUDSON, J.A. (EDS.), “The Complete ISRM Suggested Methods for Rock Characterization, Testing and Monitoring”, ISRM Turkish National Group, Ankara, Turkey, 2007.
13. [13] ALBER, M., YARALI, O., DAHL, F., BRULAND, A., KASLING, H., MICHALAKOPOULOS, T.N., CARDU, M., HAGAN, P., AYDIN, H., OZARSLAN, A., “ISRM Suggested Method for Determining the Abrasivity of Rock by the Cerchar Abrasivity Test” Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 47, 261–266, 2014.
14. [14] GEHRING, K.H., “A Cutting Comparison”, Tunnels Tunnell., 27–30, 1989.
15. [15] THURO, K., PLINNINGER, R.J., “Roadheader Excavation Performance – Geological and Geotechnical Influences”, in: The 9th ISRM Congress, Theme 3: Rock Dynamics and Tectonophysics/Rock Cutting and Drilling. Paris, p. 1241–1244, 1999.
16. [16] TUMAC, D., BILGIN, N., FERIDUNOGLU, C., ERGIN, H., “Estimation of Rock Cuttability From Shore Hardness and Compressive Strength Properties”, Rock Mech Rock Eng. 40, 477–490, 2007.
17. [17] BILGIN, N., DINCER, T., COPUR, H., ERDOGAN, M., “Some Geological and Geotechnical Factors Affecting the Performance of a Roadheader in an Inclined Tunnel”, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 19, 629–636, 2004.
18. [18] BILGIN, N., SEYREK, T., ERDING, E., SHAHRIAR, K., “Roadheaders Glean Valuable Tips for Istanbul Metro”, Tunnels and Tunnelling International, 22, 29–32, 1990.
19. [19] BALCI, C., DEMIRCIN, M.A., COPUR, H., TUNCDEMIR, H., “Estimation of Optimum Specific Energy Based on Rock Properties for Assessment of Roadheader Performance”, Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 104, 633–641, 2004.
20. [20] COPUR, H., OZDEMIR, L., ROSTAMI, J., “Roadheader Applications in Mining and Tunneling”, Mining Engineering, 1998.
21. [21] COPUR, H., ROSTAMI, J., OZDEMIR, L., BILGIN, N., “Studies on Performance Prediction of Roadheaders”, in: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Mine Mechanization and Automation. Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, p. 4A1–4A7, 1997.
22. [22] JOHNSON, S.T., FOWELL, R.J., “Compressive Strength is not Enough: Assessing Pick Wear Rates for Drag Tool Equipped Machines”, in: Hartman, H.L. (Ed.), 27th US Rock Mech. Symp. Tuscazoosa, AL. AIME, New York, pp. 840–845, 1986.
23. [23] OZDEMIR, L., “Mechanical Tunneling, Raise Boring and Shaft Drilling”, Short Course. Golden, Colorado, 1998.
24. [24] KAHRAMAN, E., KAHRAMAN, S., “The Performance Prediction of Roadheaders from Easy Testing Methods”, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 75, 1585–1596, 2016.