Design and development of an autonomous bicycle
Yıl 2021,
, 364 - 372, 15.01.2021
İlyas Kacar
,
Mehmet Ali Eroğlu
,
Mehmet Kürşat Yalçın
Öz
In this study; a design to build study has been carried out for a self balancing bicycle. Also support and rising up systems to bring it the equilibrium position in case of its fall are added. Finite element simulation of the bicycle frame is performed to get its dynamics and structural responses. Finally, an autonomous bicycle frame with self-balancing capability is designed. Self-balancing has been performed by means of a control momentum gyroscope including a single axis gimbal. The performance of the design has been evaluated for varying loading, driving speed and torque conditions. Implementation of this study with control algorithms will be performed as a future work.
Kaynakça
- H. Demirtaş, Robotik işleme yöntemi üzerine bir derleme. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 1077-1089, 2020. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.600588
- J. He and Z. Mingguo, Control system design of self-balanced bicycles by control moment gyroscope. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 338, 205-214, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46466-3_21
- P. Y. Lam, Design and development of a self-balancing bicycle using control moment gyro. Master Thesis, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 49, 2012.
- A. V. Beznos, A. M. Formal'sky, E. V. Gurfinkel, D. N. Jicharev, A. V. Lensky, K. V. Savitsky, and L. S. Tchesalin. Control of autonomous motion of two-wheel bicycle with gyroscopic stabilisation. Proceedings of 1998 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 3, 2670-2675, Leuven, Belgium, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1998.680749
- M. Yamakita and A. Utano, Automatic control of bicycles with a balancer. 2005 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, pp. 1245-1250, Monterey, CA, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2005.1511181
- Y. Tanaka and T. Murakami, Self-sustaining bicycle robot with steering controller. The 8th IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control AMC '04, pp. 193-197, Kawasaki, Japan, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1109/amc.2004.1297665
- T. M. B. Website. Murata Boy. https:// corporate.murata.com/en-sg/about/mboymgirl/mboy [Accessed: Sept 27, 2019]
- B. V. Melkoumian, New solutions for autonomous control and navigation. Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites IX, 59781Q, 21 October 2005. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.614741
- L. Morine, T. O'Connor, J. Carnazza, H. Varner, and D. Poor, Control moment gyroscope gimbal actuator study. Endix Corp Teterboro NJ Eclipse-Pioneer Div, AD0801885, 1966. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad08018 85
- L. Arena, F. Piergentili, and F. Santoni, Design, manufacturing, and ground testing of a control-moment gyro for agile microsatellites. Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 30(5), 2017. https://doi.org/10.1061/ (asce)as.1943-5525.0000754
- C. Guo, Q. Hu, Y. Zhang, and J. Zhang, Integrated power and vibration control of gyroelastic body with variable-speed control moment gyros. Acta Astronautica, 169, 75-83, 2020. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.12.027
- S. Jia and J. Shan, Vibration control of gyroelastic spacecraft using input shaping and angular momentum devices. Acta Astronautica, 159, 397-409, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.03.062
- E. I. Druzhinin, Calculation of program control not generating singularities in gyrosystems. Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International, 58(2), 260-269, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1134/s10642307190 20060
- G. Li, M. Lu, J. Y. Zhang, D. Y. Wu, and D. Z. Wei, Denoising of 1 000 Nms control momentum gyroscope. Guangxue Jingmi Gongcheng/Optics and Precision Engineering, 20, 117-124, 2012.
- F. Liu, F. Gao, W. Zhang, B. Zhang, and J. He, The optimization design with minimum power for variable speed control moment gyroscopes with integrated power and attitude control. Aerospace Science and Technology, 88, 287-297, 2019. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ast.2019.03.028
- D. Sawyer Elliott, M. Peck, and I. A. D. Nesnas. Optimal solution for torque capability of control moment gyroscopes. 2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings, 1-17, Big Sky, MT, USA 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/ aero.2019.8742213
- S. H. Park and S. Y. Yi, Active balancing control for unmanned bicycle using scissored-pair control moment gyroscope. International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems, 18(1), 217-224, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-018-0749-7
- M. Alshahadat, M. Zohaib, I. Hussain, and A. U. Rahman, Autonomous single track vehicle. 2nd International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT), 163-166, Ankara, Turkey, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ ismsit.2018.8567283
- N. Tamaldin, H. Yusof, M. F. B. Abdollah, G. Omar, and M. Rosley, Design self-balancing bicycle. Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Research Day 2017, pp. 160-161, Melaka, Malaysia, 30 March 2017.
- J. L. Meriam and L. G. Kraige, Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics. Wiley, 2012.
- S. Tamayo-León, S. Pulido-Guerrero, and H. Coral-Enriquez, Self-Stabilization of a riderless bicycle with a control moment gyroscope via model-based active disturbance rejection control. 2017 IEEE 3rd Colombian Conference on Automatic Control (CCAC), 1-6, Cartagena, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCAC. 2017.8276434
- H. Yetkin, S. Kalouche, M. Vernier, G. Colvin, K. Redmill, and U. Ozguner, Gyroscopic stabilization of an unmanned bicycle. 2014 American Control Conference, 4549-4554, Portland, OR, 2014. https:// doi.org/10.1109/acc.2014.6859392
- Ansys, Theory Manual Version 9.0. ANSYS Inc.: Canonsburg, PA, USA., 2004.
Otonom bir bisikletin tasarımı ve geliştirilmesi
Yıl 2021,
, 364 - 372, 15.01.2021
İlyas Kacar
,
Mehmet Ali Eroğlu
,
Mehmet Kürşat Yalçın
Öz
Bu çalışmada; kendi kendini dengeleyebilen bir bisiklet için bir tasarım çalışması yapılmıştır. Ayrıca düşmesi durumunda denge konumuna getirmek için destek ve kaldırma sistemleri eklenmiştir. Sonlu eleman simülasyonu yapılarak, bisiklet çerçevesinin dinamikleri ve yapısal tepkileri elde edilmiştir. Netice olarak, kendi kendini dengeleme özelliğine sahip otonom bir bisiklet tasarlarımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kendinden dengeleme, tek eksenli bir gimbal içeren kontrol torku jiroskopu ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tasarımın performansı değişen yükleme, sürüş hızı ve sürüş torku açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın kontrol algoritmaları ile uygulanması müteakip çalışma olarak planlanmıştır.
Kaynakça
- H. Demirtaş, Robotik işleme yöntemi üzerine bir derleme. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 1077-1089, 2020. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.600588
- J. He and Z. Mingguo, Control system design of self-balanced bicycles by control moment gyroscope. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 338, 205-214, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46466-3_21
- P. Y. Lam, Design and development of a self-balancing bicycle using control moment gyro. Master Thesis, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 49, 2012.
- A. V. Beznos, A. M. Formal'sky, E. V. Gurfinkel, D. N. Jicharev, A. V. Lensky, K. V. Savitsky, and L. S. Tchesalin. Control of autonomous motion of two-wheel bicycle with gyroscopic stabilisation. Proceedings of 1998 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 3, 2670-2675, Leuven, Belgium, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1998.680749
- M. Yamakita and A. Utano, Automatic control of bicycles with a balancer. 2005 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, pp. 1245-1250, Monterey, CA, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2005.1511181
- Y. Tanaka and T. Murakami, Self-sustaining bicycle robot with steering controller. The 8th IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control AMC '04, pp. 193-197, Kawasaki, Japan, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1109/amc.2004.1297665
- T. M. B. Website. Murata Boy. https:// corporate.murata.com/en-sg/about/mboymgirl/mboy [Accessed: Sept 27, 2019]
- B. V. Melkoumian, New solutions for autonomous control and navigation. Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites IX, 59781Q, 21 October 2005. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.614741
- L. Morine, T. O'Connor, J. Carnazza, H. Varner, and D. Poor, Control moment gyroscope gimbal actuator study. Endix Corp Teterboro NJ Eclipse-Pioneer Div, AD0801885, 1966. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad08018 85
- L. Arena, F. Piergentili, and F. Santoni, Design, manufacturing, and ground testing of a control-moment gyro for agile microsatellites. Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 30(5), 2017. https://doi.org/10.1061/ (asce)as.1943-5525.0000754
- C. Guo, Q. Hu, Y. Zhang, and J. Zhang, Integrated power and vibration control of gyroelastic body with variable-speed control moment gyros. Acta Astronautica, 169, 75-83, 2020. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.12.027
- S. Jia and J. Shan, Vibration control of gyroelastic spacecraft using input shaping and angular momentum devices. Acta Astronautica, 159, 397-409, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.03.062
- E. I. Druzhinin, Calculation of program control not generating singularities in gyrosystems. Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International, 58(2), 260-269, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1134/s10642307190 20060
- G. Li, M. Lu, J. Y. Zhang, D. Y. Wu, and D. Z. Wei, Denoising of 1 000 Nms control momentum gyroscope. Guangxue Jingmi Gongcheng/Optics and Precision Engineering, 20, 117-124, 2012.
- F. Liu, F. Gao, W. Zhang, B. Zhang, and J. He, The optimization design with minimum power for variable speed control moment gyroscopes with integrated power and attitude control. Aerospace Science and Technology, 88, 287-297, 2019. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ast.2019.03.028
- D. Sawyer Elliott, M. Peck, and I. A. D. Nesnas. Optimal solution for torque capability of control moment gyroscopes. 2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings, 1-17, Big Sky, MT, USA 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/ aero.2019.8742213
- S. H. Park and S. Y. Yi, Active balancing control for unmanned bicycle using scissored-pair control moment gyroscope. International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems, 18(1), 217-224, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-018-0749-7
- M. Alshahadat, M. Zohaib, I. Hussain, and A. U. Rahman, Autonomous single track vehicle. 2nd International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT), 163-166, Ankara, Turkey, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ ismsit.2018.8567283
- N. Tamaldin, H. Yusof, M. F. B. Abdollah, G. Omar, and M. Rosley, Design self-balancing bicycle. Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Research Day 2017, pp. 160-161, Melaka, Malaysia, 30 March 2017.
- J. L. Meriam and L. G. Kraige, Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics. Wiley, 2012.
- S. Tamayo-León, S. Pulido-Guerrero, and H. Coral-Enriquez, Self-Stabilization of a riderless bicycle with a control moment gyroscope via model-based active disturbance rejection control. 2017 IEEE 3rd Colombian Conference on Automatic Control (CCAC), 1-6, Cartagena, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCAC. 2017.8276434
- H. Yetkin, S. Kalouche, M. Vernier, G. Colvin, K. Redmill, and U. Ozguner, Gyroscopic stabilization of an unmanned bicycle. 2014 American Control Conference, 4549-4554, Portland, OR, 2014. https:// doi.org/10.1109/acc.2014.6859392
- Ansys, Theory Manual Version 9.0. ANSYS Inc.: Canonsburg, PA, USA., 2004.