ENGINEERING PROPERTIES AND PROBLEMS OF STONES USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AK MADRASA (NIGDE)

Abstract

Ak Madrasa was built in 1409-1410 by Ali Bey who is the son of the sovereign of the Karamanoğlu, Aliâddin Ali Bey. The madrasah, which has survived to the present day with some repairs, maintains its original state and is one of the most important of the madrasah structures of the period. The building has been used for different purposes since the Republican era (school, museum warehouse, library, etc.). In order to protect such structures and transfer them to future generations, they should be maintained regularly. In this study, it was aimed to determine the geomechanical properties and problems of the stones used in the building, and the characteristic features of the stones were determined on three samples. Significant degradation was observed in the building stone close to the basement level due to ground water. After the drainage application performed at the restoration stage of the monument, as a result of coloration, efflorescence formation and decreased resistance of the stone in some parts of the monument, a significant amount of stone losses were observed in some areas. It was determined that the original stone of the region was not used in restoration applications, and it was determined that the restoration stones used instead accelerated the decay process especially in the capillary region.

Keywords

• Ak Medrese
• Decay
• Geomechanical properties
• Cappilary level
• Niğde

AK MEDRESENİN (NİĞDE) YAPIMINDA KULLANILAN TAŞLARIN MÜHENDİSLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ VE SORUNLARI

Öz

Ak Medrese (Niğde) 1409-1410 yılında Karamanoğlu hükümdarı Alâeddin Ali Bey’in oğlu Ali Bey tarafından yaptırılmıştır. Bazı onarımlar görerek günümüze kadar gelen medrese, orijinal durumunun muhafaza etmekte olup, dönem medrese yapıları arasında en önemlilerinden birisidir. Yapı, Cumhuriyet döneminden itibaren farklı amaçlar için kullanılmaktadır (okul, müze deposu, kütüphane vb.). Bu tür yapıların korunması ve gelecek nesillere aktarılması için bakımlarının düzenli bir şekilde yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada yapıda kullanılan taşların jeomekanik özellikleri ve sorunlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmış olup, alınan üç örnek üzerinde taşların karakteristik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Yapıda temel seviyesine yakın kesimlerdeki yapı taşlarında zemin suyuna bağlı olarak önemli oranda bozunmalar gözlenmiştir. Anıtta restorasyon aşamasında gerçekleştirilen drenaj uygulamasından sonra da anıtın bazı kesimlerde zemin suyu ile ilişkili olarak renklenme, çiçeklenme ve taşın dayanımın azalması sonucunda yüzeysel ve bazı kesimlerde oldukça önemli miktarda taş kayıpları gözlenmiştir. Restorasyon uygulamalarında yörenin orijinal taşının kullanılmadığı belirlenmiş olup, yerine kullanılan restorasyon taşların özellikle kapiler bölgede bozunma sürecini hızlandırdığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ak Mederese
• bozunma
• jeomekanik özellikler
• kapiler seviye
• Niğde

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