COVID-19 salgını sırasında Kayseri'nin hava kalitesi ve eşdeğer CO2 değişiminin değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2021, , 9 - 15, 15.01.2021

Şükrü Taner Azgın , Nesrin Kekecoglu , Ennur Yamac

https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.811079

Cited By: 1

Öz

başladığı 11 Mart 2020 tarihi kıstas alınarak Kayseri ili hava kalitesindeki değişimin belirlenmesi ve CO2 eşdeğeri cinsinden iklim değişikliği üzerinde yarattığı pozitif katkının ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. 11 Mart-5 Mayıs dönemlerine ait 56 günlük 2020 yılı ve geçmiş beş yıla ait PM10 ve SO2 konsantrasyonları, doğal gaz tüketim verileri, ortalama hava sıcaklığı ve araç trafiğine dair veriler temin edilip varyans (ANOVA) ve Tukey-Kramer çoklu karşılaştırma testi yapılmıştır. CO2 eşdeğerlikleri EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) hesaplama kriterleri uyarlanarak hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda kent merkezine ait PM10 ve SO2 konsantrasyonu 2020 yılında 2019’a göre sırasıyla %40 ve %34 azalırken, OSB bölgesi için bu değerler 2019’a kıyasla sırasıyla %9 ve %30 düşüş göstermiştir. Normal duruma göre CO2 emisyonları araç trafiği için 5.5 kat ve doğal gaz tüketimi için ise %16 oranında düşüş göstermiştir. Atmosfere salınımı engellenen CO2 emisyonu toplamda 1 milyon (1,003,455) ton olarak hesaplanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hava Kalitesi, Covid-19, CO2-eşdeğer, İklim Değişikliği, Kayseri, Türkiye

Evaluation of the air quality and CO2-equivalent change of Kayseri during the COVID-19 outbreak

Öz

The focus of this paper is to evaluate the air quality change of Kayseri Province during the Covid-19 outbreak and examine the possible climate change impact. Air quality were evaluated using PM10, SO2, air temperature, and natural gas consumption data for 56-day quarantine period in Kayseri. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) applied to all data set and then the Tukey-Kramer procedure implemented. CO2 equivalent calculated with EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) formulas. The PM10 concentration of 2020 decreased by 40% and 9% in the city center and organized industrial zone (OIZ), respectively compared to 2019. As for SO2, 34% and 30% decreased was seen for the city center and OIZ, respectively. CO2 emission from transportation and natural gas decreased by 5.5 times and 16% than normal periods, respectively. Total reducing CO2 emission during 56-day pandemic period was almost 1 million ton.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Air quality, Covid-19, Climate change, CO2 equivalent, Kayseri, Turkey

Kaynakça

• S. Saadat, D. P. Chaudhery, M. Hussain, Environmental perspective of COVID-19. Science of The Total Environment, 728, 138870, 2020. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138870.
• C. Sohrabi, Z. Alsafi, N. O’Neill, M. Khan, A. Kerwan, A. Al-Jabir, C. Iosifidis and R. Agha, World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery, 76, 71-76, 2020. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.03.036.
• A. Imran and O.M.L Alharbi, COVID-19: Disease, management, treatment, and social impact. Science of The Total Environment, 728, 138861, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138861.
• M. Şahin, Impact of weather on COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Science of The Total Environment, 728, 138810, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv. 2020.138810.
• A. Chauhan and R. P. Singh, Decline in PM2.5 concentrations over major cities around the world associated with COVID-19. Environmental Research, 187, 109634, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres. 2020.109634.
• S. Muhammad, X. Long, and M. Salman, COVID-19 pandemic and environmental pollution: A blessing in disguise?, Science of The Total Environment, 728, 138820, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv. 2020.138820.
• Turkish Ministry of Health daily COVID-19 report. https://www.saglik.gov.tr/, Accessed: 23 May 2020.
• J. Berman and K. Ebisu, Changes in U.S. air pollution during the COVID-19 pandemic, Science of The Total Environment, 739, 139864, 2020. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139864.
• World Health Organization, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report-78. https://www.who.int/ docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/ 20200407-sitrep-78-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=bc43e1b_2, Accessed: 23 May 2020.
• Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Research in the time of COVID-19. https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/ research-time-covid-19, Accessed: 16 May 2020.
• M. A. Zambrano-Monserrate, M. A. Ruano, L. Sanchez-Alcalde, Indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment. Science of the Total Environment, 728, 138813, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv. 2020.138813.
• Justine Calma, The COVID-19 pandemic is generating tons of medical waste. https://www.theverge.com/ 2020/3/26/21194647/the-covid-19-pandemik-is-generating-tons-of-medical-waste, Accessed: 26 May 2020.
• D. Barcelo, An environmental and health perspective for COVID-19 outbreak: Meteorology and air quality influence, sewage epidemiology indicator, hospitals disinfection, drug therapies and recommendations. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 8 (4), 104006, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020. 104006.
• A. P. Yunus, Y. Masago, and Y. Hijioka, COVID-19 and surface water quality: Improved lake water quality during the lockdown. Science of The Total Environment, 731, 139012, 2020. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139012.
• Y. Zhu, J. Xie, F. Huang, L. Cao, Association between short-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 infection: Evidence from China. Science of the Total Environment, 727, 138704, 2020. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138704.
• F. Dutheil, J.S. Baker, and V. Navel, COVID-19 as a factor influencing air pollution?, Environmental Pollution, 263 (A), 114466, 2020. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/ j.envpol.2020.114466.
• Turkish Statistical Institute, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/tr/, Accessed 13 April 2020.
• Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Meteorology. https://mgm.gov.tr/ veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx? k=parametrelerinTurkiyeAnalizi, Accessed: 21 May 2020.
• Kayseri Gaz General Directorate, Annual reports. http://www.kayserigaz.com.tr/faaliyet-raporlari, Accessed 21: May 2020.
• Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, National air quality monitoring network. https://www. havaizleme.gov.tr/, Accessed: 20 April 2020.
• Turkey Statistical Institute (TUIK), Transportation and communication report. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/tr/, Accessed: 13 May 2020.
• Turkish General Directorate of Highways, Highway transportation statistics. https://www.kgm.gov.tr/ SiteCollectionDocuments/KGMdocuments/Yayinlar/YayinPdf/KarayoluUlasimIstatistikleri2019.pdf, Accessed: 11 May 2020.
• Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2017. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, US, Technical Report (EPA), Chapter 3 (Energy), Tables 3-13, 3-14, and 3-15, 2019.
• Light-Duty vehicle greenhouse gas emission standards and corporate average fuel economy standards; Final Rule. Federal Register, 75 (88), 7 May 2010.
• Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2017. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, US, Technical Report (EPA), Annex 2 (Methodology for estimating CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion), Table A-42, 2019.