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A LITERATURE SURVEY ON PARAMETERS AFFECTING MODIFICATION OF POLYMER MODIFIED BITUMEN

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 954 - 964, 31.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.479148

Öz

Such as in many other countries, highway
pavements are mostly constructed as bituminous mixtures in Turkey. Although the
amount of bituminous binders in the mixture is low (5-7% by weight), the
properties of the binder have great effect on pavement. Deteriorations are
reducing the life cycle of pavement and increasing maintenance and repair
costs. The performance of pavement with virgin bitumen often does not reach the
desired level under repeated and increasing traffic loads and adverse climatic
conditions. Especially in the last 20-30 years, in addition to the durability
concerns reducing the economic and environmental losses for sustainable
pavement have become a necessity and the bituminous binders have begun to be
modified using various additives. These additives can be either a natural
material or industrially produced waste or commercially available products. The
most commonly used additives in bitumen modification are polymers, and the
modification of the bitumen needs to be done successfully in order to achieve
the intended contribution. A good polymer modification depends on the
characteristics of the bitumen and bitumen, the polymer used for the purpose of
modification, the polymer modified bitumen production conditions. In this
study, a literature review on the parameters affecting the polymer modified
bitumen (PMB) was made and it was aimed to create an awareness for both the
researchers and the sector representatives.

Kaynakça

  • [1] ASMÜD. (2017, 14.08.2017). Karayolu ağının kaplama tipine göre oranı.
  • [2] L. Liu, F. Xiao, H. Zhang, and S. Amirkhanian, "Rheological characteristics of alternative modified binders," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 144, pp. 442-450, 2017.
  • [3] M. Sienkiewicz, K. Borzędowska-Labuda, A. Wojtkiewicz, and H. Janik, "Development of methods improving storage stability of bitumen modified with ground tire rubber: A review," Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 159, pp. 272-279, 2017.
  • [4] M. Yılmaz and B. V. Kök, "Stiren-Butadien-Stiren modifiyeli bitümlü bağlayıcıların superpave sistemine göre yüksek sıcaklık performans seviyesinin ve işlenebilirliğinin belirlenmesi," 2008.
  • [5] C. Giavarini, "Polymer-modified bitumen," Developments in Petroleum Science, vol. 40, pp. 381-400, 1994.
  • [6] I. Asphalt, The Bitumen Industry - A Global Perspective ( Production, chemistry, use, specification and occupational exposure ): Asphalt Institute, 2015.
  • [7] ISFALT, Asfalt ve Uygulamaları, 1 ed. İstanbul: İSFALT, 2001.
  • [8] C. Plug, A. de Bondt, and H. Roos, "Performance of bitumen 70/100 obtained from different suppliers," presented at the 5th European Asphalt Technology Association Conference, Germany, 2013.
  • [9] D. Lesueur, "The colloidal structure of bitumen: Consequences on the rheology and on the mechanisms of bitumen modification," Advances in colloid and interface science, vol. 145, pp. 42-82, 2009.
  • [10] G. VAKILINEZHAD, B. Soltani, K. KIANINASAB, and G. A. MANSOURI, "Investigation on the Existence of Diamondoids in South-West Iranian Crude Oils," 2005.
  • [11] U. Isacsson and H. Zeng, "Relationships between bitumen chemistry and low temperature behaviour of asphalt," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 11, pp. 83-91, 1997.
  • [12] L. Lewandowski, "Polymer modification of paving asphalt binders," Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol. 67, pp. 447-480, 1994.
  • [13] J. Neves, A. Correia Diogo, and L. de Picado Santos, "Bituminous Binders and Mixtures," in Materials for Construction and Civil Engineering: Science, Processing, and Design, M. C. Gonçalves and F. Margarido, Eds., ed Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015, pp. 237-271.
  • [14] J. Oner, B. Sengoz, S. F. Rija, and A. Topal, "Investigation of the rheological properties of elastomeric polymer-modified bitumen using warm-mix asphalt additives," Road Materials and Pavement Design, vol. 18, pp. 1049-1066, 2017.
  • [15] A. Sağlık and E. Öztürk, "Türkiye'de üretilen sathi kaplamalarda kullanılan bitümlerin performans sınıflarının belirlenmesi " Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 29, 2014.
  • [16] Y. Yildirim, "Polymer modified asphalt binders," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 21, pp. 66-72, 2007.
  • [17] M. Yılmaz, B. V. Kök, N. Kuloğlu, and T. Alataş, "Elastomer türü polimerler ile modifiye edilmiş bitümlü bağlayıcıların depolama stabilitelerinin ve reolojik özeliklerinin," Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi,, vol. 15, pp. 67-77, 2013.
  • [18] Ü. Giriş, "Esnek üstyapılar ile rijit üstyapıların teknik ve ekonomik yönden karşılaştırılması," Yüksek Lisans, Civil Engineering, Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye, 2007.
  • [19] A. Pérez-Lepe, F. Martınez-Boza, C. Gallegos, O. González, M. Munoz, and A. Santamarıa, "Influence of the processing conditions on the rheological behaviour of polymer-modified bitumen☆," Fuel, vol. 82, pp. 1339-1348, 2003.
  • [20] B. Sengoz, A. Topal, and G. Isikyakar, "Morphology and image analysis of polymer modified bitumens," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 23, pp. 1986-1992, 2009/05/01/ 2009.
  • [21] A. Topal, "Evaluation of the properties and microstructure of plastomeric polymer modified bitumens," Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 91, pp. 45-51, 2010/01/01/ 2010.
  • [22] A. Topal, M. Yilmaz, B. V. Kok, N. Kuloglu, and B. Sengoz, "Evaluation of rheological and image properties of styrene-butadiene-styrene and ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer modified bitumens," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 122, pp. 3122-3132, 2011.
  • [23] S. Pyshyev, V. Gunka, Y. Grytsenko, and M. Bratychak, "Polymer Modified Bitumen," Chemistry & Chemical Technology, pp. 631-636, 2016.
  • [24] B. Sengoz and G. Isikyakar, "Analysis of styrene-butadiene-styrene polymer modified bitumen using fluorescent microscopy and conventional test methods," Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 150, pp. 424-432, 2008.
  • [25] R. Blanco, R. Rodríguez, M. García‐Garduño, and V. Castaño, "Rheological properties of styrene‐butadiene copolymer–reinforced asphalt," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 61, pp. 1493-1501, 1996.
  • [26] T. McNally, "1 - Introduction to polymer modified bitumen (PmB)," in Polymer Modified Bitumen, ed: Woodhead Publishing, 2011, pp. 1-21.
  • [27] F. Navarro, P. Partal, F. Martınez-Boza, and C. Gallegos, "Thermo-rheological behaviour and storage stability of ground tire rubber-modified bitumens," Fuel, vol. 83, pp. 2041-2049, 2004.
  • [28] J. Y. Yu, Z. G. Feng, and H. L. Zhang, "9 - Ageing of polymer modified bitumen (PMB) A2 - McNally, Tony," in Polymer Modified Bitumen, ed: Woodhead Publishing, 2011, pp. 264-297.
  • [29] ASMÜD. (2017, 14.08.2017). Türkiye'de son 5 yılda yapılan asfalt uygulamaları ve bitüm tüketimi.
  • [30] J. Zhu, B. Birgisson, and N. Kringos, "Polymer modification of bitumen: Advances and challenges," European Polymer Journal, vol. 54, pp. 18-38, 2014.
  • [31] EAPA. (2017, 14.08.2017). Consumption of bitumen in the road industry "http://www.eapa.org/userfiles/2/Asphalt%20in%20Figures/2016/AIF_2015_v6.pdf".
  • [32] J. C. Salamone, Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia: CRC Press 1996.
  • [33] H. Shi, T. Xu, P. Zhou, and R. Jiang, "Combustion properties of saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes in asphalt binder," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 136, pp. 515-523, 2017/04/01/ 2017.
  • [34] K. A. Bissada, J. Tan, E. Szymczyk, M. Darnell, and M. Mei, "Group-type characterization of crude oil and bitumen. Part I: Enhanced separation and quantification of saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes (SARA)," Organic geochemistry, vol. 95, pp. 21-28, 2016.
  • [35] L. Carbognani, L. Roa-Fuentes, L. Diaz, F. Lopez-Linares, A. Vasquez, P. Pereira-Almao, et al., "Monitoring bitumen upgrading, bitumen recovery, and characterization of core extracts by hydrocarbon group-type SARA analysis," Petroleum Science and Technology, vol. 28, pp. 632-645, 2010.
  • [36] S. H. Firoozifar, S. Foroutan, and S. Foroutan, "The effect of asphaltene on thermal properties of bitumen," Chemical Engineering Research and Design, vol. 89, pp. 2044-2048, 2011.
  • [37] G. D. Airey, "Rheological properties of styrene butadiene styrene polymer modified road bitumens☆," Fuel, vol. 82, pp. 1709-1719, 2003.
  • [38] R. E. Baker, "Polymer modified bitumen," Indian Highways, vol. 26, 1998.
  • [39] V. O. Bulatović, V. Rek, and K. J. Marković, "Polymer modified bitumen," Materials research innovations, vol. 16, pp. 1-6, 2012.
  • [40] X. Lu and U. Isacsson, "Influence of styrene-butadiene-styrene polymer modification on bitumen viscosity," Fuel, vol. 76, pp. 1353-1359, 1997.
  • [41] X. Lu, U. Isacsson, and J. Ekblad, "Rheological properties of SEBS, EVA and EBA polymer modified bitumens," Materials and Structures, vol. 32, pp. 131-139, 1999.
  • [42] G. Polacco, S. Berlincioni, D. Biondi, J. Stastna, and L. Zanzotto, "Asphalt modification with different polyethylene-based polymers," European Polymer Journal, vol. 41, pp. 2831-2844, 2005.
  • [43] Y. Becker, M. P. Mendez, and Y. Rodriguez, "Polymer modified asphalt," in Vision tecnologica, 2001.
  • [44] S. K. Singh, Y. Kumar, and S. S. Ravindranath, "Thermal degradation of SBS in bitumen during storage: Influence of temperature, SBS concentration, polymer type and base bitumen," Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 147, pp. 64-75, 2018.
  • [45] C. Gallegos and M. García-Morales, "7 - Rheology of polymer-modified bitumens A2 - McNally, Tony," in Polymer Modified Bitumen, ed: Woodhead Publishing, 2011, pp. 197-237.
  • [46] K. Golzar, A. Jalali-Arani, and M. Nematollahi, "Statistical investigation on physical–mechanical properties of base and polymer modified bitumen using Artificial Neural Network," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 37, pp. 822-831, 2012.
  • [47] V. González, F. Martínez-Boza, C. Gallegos, A. Pérez-Lepe, and A. Páez, "A study into the processing of bitumen modified with tire crumb rubber and polymeric additives," Fuel processing technology, vol. 95, pp. 137-143, 2012.
  • [48] B. Sengoz and G. Isikyakar, "Evaluation of the properties and microstructure of SBS and EVA polymer modified bitumen," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 22, pp. 1897-1905, 2008.
  • [49] A. Balaguera, G. I. Carvajal, J. Albertí, and P. Fullana-i-Palmer, "Life cycle assessment of road construction alternative materials: A literature review," Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 132, pp. 37-48, 2018.
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POLİMER MODİFİYE BİTÜM MODİFİKASYONUNA ETKİ EDEN PARAMETRELER ÜZERİNE BİR LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 954 - 964, 31.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.479148

Öz

   Ülkemizde yol üstyapıları, dünyanın diğer
birçok ülkesinde olduğu gibi çoğunlukla bitümlü karışımlar şeklinde inşa
edilmektedir. Bitümlü bağlayıcıların karışım içerisindeki oranı (ağırlıkça
%5-7) düşüktür ama özellikleri üstyapı bozulmaları üzerinde oldukça etkilidir.
Tekrarlanan ve artan trafik yükleri ve olumsuz iklim koşulları altında saf
bitüm ile imal edilen üstyapıların performansı çoğu zaman istenen seviyeye
ulaşamamaktadır. Özellikle son 20-30 yılda dayanım kaygılarının yanında,
sürdürülebilir üstyapılar için ekonomik ve çevresel kayıpların azaltılması da
bir gereklilik haline gelmiş ve bitümlü bağlayıcılar çeşitli katkılar
kullanılarak modifiye edilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu katkılar, doğal olabileceği
gibi endüstriyel üretim sonrası kullanım ömrü tamamlanan atık veya ticari
amaçla üretilen ürünlerde olabilmektedir. Bitüm modifikasyonunda en çok
kullanılan katkı polimerlerdir. Bitümde hedeflenen özelliğin sağlanabilmesi
için modifikasyonunun başarılı bir şekilde yapılması gerekir. İyi bir polimer
modifikasyonu, bitüm ve bitümün karakteristik özelliklerine, modifikasyon amacına
yönelik kullanılan polimere, polimer modifiye bitüm üretim koşullarına
bağlıdır. Bu çalışmada, polimer modifiye bitüm modifikasyonuna etki eden
parametreler üzerine bir araştırma yapılmış, ayrıca konu hakkında gerek
araştırmacılar için gerekse de sektör temsilcileri için bir farkındalık
oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • [1] ASMÜD. (2017, 14.08.2017). Karayolu ağının kaplama tipine göre oranı.
  • [2] L. Liu, F. Xiao, H. Zhang, and S. Amirkhanian, "Rheological characteristics of alternative modified binders," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 144, pp. 442-450, 2017.
  • [3] M. Sienkiewicz, K. Borzędowska-Labuda, A. Wojtkiewicz, and H. Janik, "Development of methods improving storage stability of bitumen modified with ground tire rubber: A review," Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 159, pp. 272-279, 2017.
  • [4] M. Yılmaz and B. V. Kök, "Stiren-Butadien-Stiren modifiyeli bitümlü bağlayıcıların superpave sistemine göre yüksek sıcaklık performans seviyesinin ve işlenebilirliğinin belirlenmesi," 2008.
  • [5] C. Giavarini, "Polymer-modified bitumen," Developments in Petroleum Science, vol. 40, pp. 381-400, 1994.
  • [6] I. Asphalt, The Bitumen Industry - A Global Perspective ( Production, chemistry, use, specification and occupational exposure ): Asphalt Institute, 2015.
  • [7] ISFALT, Asfalt ve Uygulamaları, 1 ed. İstanbul: İSFALT, 2001.
  • [8] C. Plug, A. de Bondt, and H. Roos, "Performance of bitumen 70/100 obtained from different suppliers," presented at the 5th European Asphalt Technology Association Conference, Germany, 2013.
  • [9] D. Lesueur, "The colloidal structure of bitumen: Consequences on the rheology and on the mechanisms of bitumen modification," Advances in colloid and interface science, vol. 145, pp. 42-82, 2009.
  • [10] G. VAKILINEZHAD, B. Soltani, K. KIANINASAB, and G. A. MANSOURI, "Investigation on the Existence of Diamondoids in South-West Iranian Crude Oils," 2005.
  • [11] U. Isacsson and H. Zeng, "Relationships between bitumen chemistry and low temperature behaviour of asphalt," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 11, pp. 83-91, 1997.
  • [12] L. Lewandowski, "Polymer modification of paving asphalt binders," Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol. 67, pp. 447-480, 1994.
  • [13] J. Neves, A. Correia Diogo, and L. de Picado Santos, "Bituminous Binders and Mixtures," in Materials for Construction and Civil Engineering: Science, Processing, and Design, M. C. Gonçalves and F. Margarido, Eds., ed Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015, pp. 237-271.
  • [14] J. Oner, B. Sengoz, S. F. Rija, and A. Topal, "Investigation of the rheological properties of elastomeric polymer-modified bitumen using warm-mix asphalt additives," Road Materials and Pavement Design, vol. 18, pp. 1049-1066, 2017.
  • [15] A. Sağlık and E. Öztürk, "Türkiye'de üretilen sathi kaplamalarda kullanılan bitümlerin performans sınıflarının belirlenmesi " Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 29, 2014.
  • [16] Y. Yildirim, "Polymer modified asphalt binders," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 21, pp. 66-72, 2007.
  • [17] M. Yılmaz, B. V. Kök, N. Kuloğlu, and T. Alataş, "Elastomer türü polimerler ile modifiye edilmiş bitümlü bağlayıcıların depolama stabilitelerinin ve reolojik özeliklerinin," Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi,, vol. 15, pp. 67-77, 2013.
  • [18] Ü. Giriş, "Esnek üstyapılar ile rijit üstyapıların teknik ve ekonomik yönden karşılaştırılması," Yüksek Lisans, Civil Engineering, Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye, 2007.
  • [19] A. Pérez-Lepe, F. Martınez-Boza, C. Gallegos, O. González, M. Munoz, and A. Santamarıa, "Influence of the processing conditions on the rheological behaviour of polymer-modified bitumen☆," Fuel, vol. 82, pp. 1339-1348, 2003.
  • [20] B. Sengoz, A. Topal, and G. Isikyakar, "Morphology and image analysis of polymer modified bitumens," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 23, pp. 1986-1992, 2009/05/01/ 2009.
  • [21] A. Topal, "Evaluation of the properties and microstructure of plastomeric polymer modified bitumens," Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 91, pp. 45-51, 2010/01/01/ 2010.
  • [22] A. Topal, M. Yilmaz, B. V. Kok, N. Kuloglu, and B. Sengoz, "Evaluation of rheological and image properties of styrene-butadiene-styrene and ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer modified bitumens," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 122, pp. 3122-3132, 2011.
  • [23] S. Pyshyev, V. Gunka, Y. Grytsenko, and M. Bratychak, "Polymer Modified Bitumen," Chemistry & Chemical Technology, pp. 631-636, 2016.
  • [24] B. Sengoz and G. Isikyakar, "Analysis of styrene-butadiene-styrene polymer modified bitumen using fluorescent microscopy and conventional test methods," Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 150, pp. 424-432, 2008.
  • [25] R. Blanco, R. Rodríguez, M. García‐Garduño, and V. Castaño, "Rheological properties of styrene‐butadiene copolymer–reinforced asphalt," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 61, pp. 1493-1501, 1996.
  • [26] T. McNally, "1 - Introduction to polymer modified bitumen (PmB)," in Polymer Modified Bitumen, ed: Woodhead Publishing, 2011, pp. 1-21.
  • [27] F. Navarro, P. Partal, F. Martınez-Boza, and C. Gallegos, "Thermo-rheological behaviour and storage stability of ground tire rubber-modified bitumens," Fuel, vol. 83, pp. 2041-2049, 2004.
  • [28] J. Y. Yu, Z. G. Feng, and H. L. Zhang, "9 - Ageing of polymer modified bitumen (PMB) A2 - McNally, Tony," in Polymer Modified Bitumen, ed: Woodhead Publishing, 2011, pp. 264-297.
  • [29] ASMÜD. (2017, 14.08.2017). Türkiye'de son 5 yılda yapılan asfalt uygulamaları ve bitüm tüketimi.
  • [30] J. Zhu, B. Birgisson, and N. Kringos, "Polymer modification of bitumen: Advances and challenges," European Polymer Journal, vol. 54, pp. 18-38, 2014.
  • [31] EAPA. (2017, 14.08.2017). Consumption of bitumen in the road industry "http://www.eapa.org/userfiles/2/Asphalt%20in%20Figures/2016/AIF_2015_v6.pdf".
  • [32] J. C. Salamone, Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia: CRC Press 1996.
  • [33] H. Shi, T. Xu, P. Zhou, and R. Jiang, "Combustion properties of saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes in asphalt binder," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 136, pp. 515-523, 2017/04/01/ 2017.
  • [34] K. A. Bissada, J. Tan, E. Szymczyk, M. Darnell, and M. Mei, "Group-type characterization of crude oil and bitumen. Part I: Enhanced separation and quantification of saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes (SARA)," Organic geochemistry, vol. 95, pp. 21-28, 2016.
  • [35] L. Carbognani, L. Roa-Fuentes, L. Diaz, F. Lopez-Linares, A. Vasquez, P. Pereira-Almao, et al., "Monitoring bitumen upgrading, bitumen recovery, and characterization of core extracts by hydrocarbon group-type SARA analysis," Petroleum Science and Technology, vol. 28, pp. 632-645, 2010.
  • [36] S. H. Firoozifar, S. Foroutan, and S. Foroutan, "The effect of asphaltene on thermal properties of bitumen," Chemical Engineering Research and Design, vol. 89, pp. 2044-2048, 2011.
  • [37] G. D. Airey, "Rheological properties of styrene butadiene styrene polymer modified road bitumens☆," Fuel, vol. 82, pp. 1709-1719, 2003.
  • [38] R. E. Baker, "Polymer modified bitumen," Indian Highways, vol. 26, 1998.
  • [39] V. O. Bulatović, V. Rek, and K. J. Marković, "Polymer modified bitumen," Materials research innovations, vol. 16, pp. 1-6, 2012.
  • [40] X. Lu and U. Isacsson, "Influence of styrene-butadiene-styrene polymer modification on bitumen viscosity," Fuel, vol. 76, pp. 1353-1359, 1997.
  • [41] X. Lu, U. Isacsson, and J. Ekblad, "Rheological properties of SEBS, EVA and EBA polymer modified bitumens," Materials and Structures, vol. 32, pp. 131-139, 1999.
  • [42] G. Polacco, S. Berlincioni, D. Biondi, J. Stastna, and L. Zanzotto, "Asphalt modification with different polyethylene-based polymers," European Polymer Journal, vol. 41, pp. 2831-2844, 2005.
  • [43] Y. Becker, M. P. Mendez, and Y. Rodriguez, "Polymer modified asphalt," in Vision tecnologica, 2001.
  • [44] S. K. Singh, Y. Kumar, and S. S. Ravindranath, "Thermal degradation of SBS in bitumen during storage: Influence of temperature, SBS concentration, polymer type and base bitumen," Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 147, pp. 64-75, 2018.
  • [45] C. Gallegos and M. García-Morales, "7 - Rheology of polymer-modified bitumens A2 - McNally, Tony," in Polymer Modified Bitumen, ed: Woodhead Publishing, 2011, pp. 197-237.
  • [46] K. Golzar, A. Jalali-Arani, and M. Nematollahi, "Statistical investigation on physical–mechanical properties of base and polymer modified bitumen using Artificial Neural Network," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 37, pp. 822-831, 2012.
  • [47] V. González, F. Martínez-Boza, C. Gallegos, A. Pérez-Lepe, and A. Páez, "A study into the processing of bitumen modified with tire crumb rubber and polymeric additives," Fuel processing technology, vol. 95, pp. 137-143, 2012.
  • [48] B. Sengoz and G. Isikyakar, "Evaluation of the properties and microstructure of SBS and EVA polymer modified bitumen," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 22, pp. 1897-1905, 2008.
  • [49] A. Balaguera, G. I. Carvajal, J. Albertí, and P. Fullana-i-Palmer, "Life cycle assessment of road construction alternative materials: A literature review," Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 132, pp. 37-48, 2018.
  • [50] S. Kalia, K. Thakur, A. Celli, M. A. Kiechel, and C. L. Schauer, "Surface modification of plant fibers using environment friendly methods for their application in polymer composites, textile industry and antimicrobial activities: A review," Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, vol. 1, pp. 97-112, 2013.
  • [51] J. C. Munera and E. A. Ossa, "Polymer modified bitumen: Optimization and selection," Materials & Design (1980-2015), vol. 62, pp. 91-97, 2014/10/01/ 2014.
  • [52] Z. N. Kalantar, M. R. Karim, and A. Mahrez, "A review of using waste and virgin polymer in pavement," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 33, pp. 55-62, 2012.
  • [53] H. Ku, H. Wang, N. Pattarachaiyakoop, and M. Trada, "A review on the tensile properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites," Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 42, pp. 856-873, 2011.
  • [54] N. Karaduman, "Polimer Molekül Ağırlığı," http://kbyapikimyasallari.com/polimer-molekul-agirligi/2018.
  • [55] M. R. Nivitha and J. Murali Krishnan, "What is Transition Temperature for Bitumen and How to Measure It?," Transportation in Developing Economies, vol. 2, p. 3, February 02 2016.
  • [56] V. Wegan, "Effect of Design Parameters on Polymer Modified Bituminous Mixtures," Danish Road Institute, Denmark2001.
  • [57] H. Al-Abdul Wahhab, M. Dalhat, and M. Habib, "Storage stability and high-temperature performance of asphalt binder modified with recycled plastic," Road Materials and Pavement Design, vol. 18, pp. 1117-1134, 2017.
  • [58] U. Isacsson and X. Lu, "Characterization of bitumens modified with SEBS, EVA and EBA polymers," Journal of Materials Science, vol. 34, pp. 3737-3745, 1999.
  • [59] C. O. Rossi, A. Spadafora, B. Teltayev, G. Izmailova, Y. Amerbayev, and V. Bortolotti, "Polymer modified bitumen: Rheological properties and structural characterization," Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol. 480, pp. 390-397, 2015.
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Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İnşaat Mühendisliği
Bölüm İnşaat Mühendisliği
Yazarlar

İslam Gokalp 0000-0003-3198-3508

Hatice Merve Çetin 0000-0002-8687-423X

Yağmur Özinal 0000-0002-8083-6494

Hüseyin Gündoğan 0000-0002-2046-8597

Volkan Emre Uz Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-9328-4756

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Kasım 2018
Kabul Tarihi 17 Mayıs 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Gokalp, İ., Çetin, H. M., Özinal, Y., Gündoğan, H., vd. (2019). POLİMER MODİFİYE BİTÜM MODİFİKASYONUNA ETKİ EDEN PARAMETRELER ÜZERİNE BİR LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 954-964. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.479148
AMA Gokalp İ, Çetin HM, Özinal Y, Gündoğan H, Uz VE. POLİMER MODİFİYE BİTÜM MODİFİKASYONUNA ETKİ EDEN PARAMETRELER ÜZERİNE BİR LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI. NÖHÜ Müh. Bilim. Derg. Temmuz 2019;8(2):954-964. doi:10.28948/ngumuh.479148
Chicago Gokalp, İslam, Hatice Merve Çetin, Yağmur Özinal, Hüseyin Gündoğan, ve Volkan Emre Uz. “POLİMER MODİFİYE BİTÜM MODİFİKASYONUNA ETKİ EDEN PARAMETRELER ÜZERİNE BİR LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 8, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2019): 954-64. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.479148.
EndNote Gokalp İ, Çetin HM, Özinal Y, Gündoğan H, Uz VE (01 Temmuz 2019) POLİMER MODİFİYE BİTÜM MODİFİKASYONUNA ETKİ EDEN PARAMETRELER ÜZERİNE BİR LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 8 2 954–964.
IEEE İ. Gokalp, H. M. Çetin, Y. Özinal, H. Gündoğan, ve V. E. Uz, “POLİMER MODİFİYE BİTÜM MODİFİKASYONUNA ETKİ EDEN PARAMETRELER ÜZERİNE BİR LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI”, NÖHÜ Müh. Bilim. Derg., c. 8, sy. 2, ss. 954–964, 2019, doi: 10.28948/ngumuh.479148.
ISNAD Gokalp, İslam vd. “POLİMER MODİFİYE BİTÜM MODİFİKASYONUNA ETKİ EDEN PARAMETRELER ÜZERİNE BİR LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 8/2 (Temmuz 2019), 954-964. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.479148.
JAMA Gokalp İ, Çetin HM, Özinal Y, Gündoğan H, Uz VE. POLİMER MODİFİYE BİTÜM MODİFİKASYONUNA ETKİ EDEN PARAMETRELER ÜZERİNE BİR LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI. NÖHÜ Müh. Bilim. Derg. 2019;8:954–964.
MLA Gokalp, İslam vd. “POLİMER MODİFİYE BİTÜM MODİFİKASYONUNA ETKİ EDEN PARAMETRELER ÜZERİNE BİR LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 2, 2019, ss. 954-6, doi:10.28948/ngumuh.479148.
Vancouver Gokalp İ, Çetin HM, Özinal Y, Gündoğan H, Uz VE. POLİMER MODİFİYE BİTÜM MODİFİKASYONUNA ETKİ EDEN PARAMETRELER ÜZERİNE BİR LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI. NÖHÜ Müh. Bilim. Derg. 2019;8(2):954-6.

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