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Challenges and suggestions for municipal solid waste management during the global COVID-19 outbreak

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 72 - 81, 15.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1150538

Öz

COVID-19 turned into a global epidemic in a short time, due to its rapid rate of infection and its longevity on surfaces. Its rapid spread caused problems in the municipal services especially Waste Management. There have been serious increases in the amount of protective equipment such as disposable masks, gloves, goggles and the amount of infected waste from hospital intensive care units. This put pressure on existing waste disposal systems. National and international circulars were published to prevent the spread of the epidemic. In this process emerged innovative studies such as biodegradable plastics, system optimization studies for environmentally and economically appropriate disposal methods, the creation of appropriate management plans, and data generation, storage, processing. In this study, during the epidemic, Waste Management problems, its environmental and economic effects, the related legal regulations, the recommended disposal methods and innovative studies were examined. Considering the increasing population and the long-term effects of climate change, this epidemic is not the first and will not be the last. Innovative studies carried out with the momentum gained in this period should continue without losing speed and their use within the sector should be expanded.

Kaynakça

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Küresel COVİD-19 salgın döneminde kentsel katı atık yönetiminde karşılaşılan güçlükler ve öneriler

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 72 - 81, 15.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1150538

Öz

COVİD-19 hızlı bulaşma oranı ve yüzeylerde uzun süre kalabilmesi nedeni ile kısa sürede küresel bir salgına dönüştü. Hızla yayılımı özellikle belediyecilik hizmetlerinden olan Atık Yönetiminde sorunlara neden oldu. Tek kullanımlık maske, eldiven, gözlük gibi koruyucu ekipmanlar ve hastane yoğun bakımlarından çıkan enfekte atık miktarlarında ciddi artışlar meydana geldi. Bu durum mevcut atık bertaraf sistemleri üzerinde baskı oluşturdu. Ulusal ve uluslararası genelgeler yayınlanarak salgının yayılımı engellenmeye çalışıldı. Bu süreçte biyolojik parçalanabilir plastikler, çevresel ve ekonomik olarak uygun bertaraf yöntemleri ve uygun yönetim planlarının oluşturulmasına yönelik sistem optimizasyon çalışmaları ile veri üretme, saklama ve işleme konusunda yenilikçi çalışmalar ortaya çıktı. Bu çalışmada salgın döneminde Katı Atık Yönetiminde ortaya çıkan sorunlar, çevresel ve ekonomik etkileri, sorunların çözümüne yönelik yapılan yasal düzenlemeler, alınan tedbirler, önerilen uygun bertaraf yöntemleri ile yenilikçi çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Artan nüfus ve iklim değişikliğinin uzun süreli etkileri dikkate alındığında bu salgın ilk değil, son olmayacaktır. Bu dönemde kazanılan ivme ile gerçekleştirilen yenilikçi çalışmalar hız kaybetmeden devam etmeli ve sektör içerisinde kullanılmaları yaygınlaştırılmalıdır.

Kaynakça

  • Ş. Balbay, A. Sarıhan, E. Avşar, Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de “Döngüsel ekonomi / endüstriyel sürdürülebilirlik” yaklaşımı. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 27, 557-569, 2021. DOI: 10.31590/ejosat.971172.
  • A. E. Gorbalenya, S. C. Baker, R. S. Baric, R. J. de Groot, C. Drosten, A. A. Gulyaeva, B. L. Haagmans, C. Lauber, A. M. Leontovich, B. W. Neuman, D. Penzar, S. Perlman, L. L. M. Poon, D. Samborskiy, I. A. Sidorov, I. Sola, and J. Ziebuhr, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus– the species and its viruses, a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group. BioRxiv, 1–15, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.07.937862
  • F. Wu, S. Zhao, B. Yu, Y. Chen, W. Wang, Z.-G. Song, Y. Hu, Z.-W. Tao, J.-H. Tian, Y.-Y. Pei, M.-L. Yuan, Y.-L. Zhang, F.-H. Dai, Y. Liu, Q.-M. Wang, J.-J. Zheng, L. Xu, E. C. Holmes, and Y.-Z. Zhang, A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature, 579 (7798), 265–269, 2020. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1038/ s41586- 020- 2008-3
  • B. Kulkarni, and V. Anantharama, Repercussions of COVID-19 pandemic on municipal solid waste management: Challenges and opportunities. Science of the Total Environment, 743, 1–7, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140693
  • Shortage of personal protective equipment endangering health workers worldwide; World Health Organization of the United Nations. https://www.who.int/news/item/03-03-2020-shortage-of-personal-protective-equipment-endangering-health-workers-worldwide , Accessed 30 May 2022.
  • İç İşleri Bakanlığı: 81 il valiliğine kapalı alanlarda maske kullanımı genelgesi gönderildi. 27 Nisan 2022. https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/81-il-valiligine-kapali-alanlarda-maske-kullanimi-genelgesi-gonderildi
  • S. Oğur, Ş. Hayta, H. Durmaz Bekmezci, Covid -19 pandemisi sürecinde gıda güvenliği riskleri ve önlemleri. Sağlık, Tarım ve Gıda: Covid-19 Küresel Salgının Siyasi, Sosyal ve Ekonomik Yansımaları. 91-100. (Ed. K.A. Koçak), Vega Basım Hizmetleri, Ankara, TASAV 2020. ISBN:978-605-66939-4-6 https://www.tasav.org/media/k2/attachments/Covid-19_K%C3%BCresel_Salg%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_Siyasi,_Sosyal_ve_Ekonomik_Yans%C4%B1malar%C4%B1_web.pdf , Accessed 30 May 2022.
  • D. Karakuş, E. Avşar, Covid-19 Pandemi sürecinde Türkiye’de hastanelerde alınan önlemlerin ve uygulamaların incelenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 35 564-572. 2022. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1086478
  • M. D. Vaverková, E. K. Paleologos, A. Dominijanni, E. Koda, C. S. Tang, W. Malgorzata, Q. Li, N. Guarena, A. M. O. Mohamed, C. S. Vieira, M. Manassero, B. C. O. Q. X. M. Win Bo, D. Adamcova, A. P. U. M. Anand, A. Mohammad, V. S. N. S. Goli, G. Kuntikana, E. M. P. S. Pathak, D. N. Singh, Municipal solid waste management under COVID-19: challenges and recommendations. Environmental Geotechnics, 1-16, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1680/jenge.20.00082
  • L. Willis, Are We Burying Ourselves In PPE Waste?: The impact of COVID-19 on our waste stream could last decades. 2020. https://emagazine.com/are-we-burying-ourselves-in-ppe-waste/ , Accessed 30 May 2022)
  • J. C. Prata, A. L. P. Silva, T. R. Walker, A. C. Duarte, and T. Rocha-Santos, COVID-19 pandemic repercussions on the use and management of plastics. Environmental Science and Technology, 54 (13), 7760−7765, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c02178
  • D. Hantoko, X. Li, A. Pariatamby, K. Yoshikawa, M. Horttanainen and M. Yan, Challenges and practices on waste management and disposal during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Environmental Management. 286, 112140, 1-9, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112140
  • G. Kampf, D. Todt, S. Pfaender and E. Steinmann, Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents. The Journal of Hospital Infection 104 (3): 246–251. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.01.022
  • N. van Doremalen, T. Bushmaker, D. H. Morris, M. G. Holbrook, A. Gamble, B. N. Wiliamson, A. Tamin, J. L. Harcourt, N. J. Thornburg, S. I. Gerber, J. O. Lloyd-Smith, E. de Wit and V. J. Munster, Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. New England Journal of Medicine, 382, 1564–1567, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2004973.
  • Y. Ye, R. M. Ellenberg, K. E. Graham and K. R. Wigginton, Survivability, partitioning, nd recovery of enveloped viruses in untreated municipal wastewater. Environmental Science and Technology, 50 (10), 5077–5085, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00876
  • A. W. H. Chin, J. T. S. Chu, M. R. A. Perera, K P. Y. Hui, H. L. Yen, M. C. W. Chan, M. Peiris and L. L. M. Poon, Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in different environmental conditions. The Lancet Microbe, 1 (1), e10, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(20)30003-3
  • L. D. Nghiem, B. Morgon, E. Donner and M. D. Short, The COVID-19 pandemic: Considerations for the waste and wastewater services sector. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 1, 100006, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2020.100006
  • H. B. Sharma, K. R. Vanapalli, V. R. S. Cheela, V. P. Ranjan, A. K. Jaglan, B. Dubey, S. Goel and J. Bhattacharya, Challenges, opportunities, and innovations for effective solid waste management during and post COVID-19 pandemic. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 162, 105052, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105052
  • R. Suman, M. Javaid, A. Haleem, R. Vaishya, S. Bahl and D. Nandan, Sustainability of coronavirus on different surfaces. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology, 10 (4), 386–390. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jceh.2020.04.020
  • G. Qu, X. Li, L. Hu and G. Jiang, An imperative need for research on the role of environmental factors in the transmission of novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Environmental Science and Technology, 54 (7), 3730–3732, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c01102
  • M. P. G. Mol, and S. Caldas, Can the Human Coronavirus Epidemic Also Spread through Solid Waste? Waste Management and Research, 38, 485-486. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0734242X20918312
  • T. D. T. Oyedotun, O. F. Kasim, A. Famewo, T. D. Oyedotun, S. Moonsammy, N. Ally and D. M. Renn-Moonsammy, Municipal waste management in the era of COVID-19: Perceptions, practices and potentials for research in developing countries. Research in Globalization, 2, 100033. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resglo.2020.100033
  • C. S. Tang, E. K. Paleologos, C. Vitone, Y. J. Du, J. S. Li, N. J. Jiang, Y. F. Deng, J. Chu, Z. Shen, E. Koda, A. Dominijanni, X. Fei, M. D. Vaverkova, P. Osinski, X. Chen, A. Asadi, M. R. H. Takeuchi, M. W. Bo, H. Abuel-Naga, E. C. Leong, A. Farid, T. Baser, B. O’Kelly, B. Jha, V. S. N. S. Goli and D. N. Singh, Environmental geotechnics: challenges and opportunities in the post COVID-19 world. Environmental Geotechnics, 8 (3), 172-192, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1680/jenge.20.00054
  • T. M. Straub, I. L. Pepper and C. P. Gerba, Persistence of viruses in desert soils amended with anaerobically digested sewage sludge. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 58, 636–641, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.58.2.636-641.1992
  • P. Roy, A. K. Mohanty, A. Wagner, S. Sharif, H. Khalil and M. Misra, Impacts of COVID-19 Outbreak on the Municipal Solid Waste Management: Now and beyond the Pandemic. ACS Environmental Au.1 (1), 32-45, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00005
  • B. Henneberry, How Surgical Masks are Made. Thomas Publishing Company, 2020. https://www.thomasnet.com/articles/other/how-surgical-masks-are-made/#:~:text=Masks%20are%20made%20on%20a,sent%20out%20of%20the%20factory. Accessed 30 May 2022.
  • H. J. Choi, (2020). COVID-19 pandemic has spurred materials researchers to develop antiviral masks. Chemical Engineering News (Dinsa Sachan haberi), 98 (31), 2020. ISSN 0009-2347 Copyright © 2022. American Chemical Society. https://cen.acs.org/safety/COVID-19-pandemic-spurred-materials/98/i31, Accessed 30 May 2022.
  • F. S. Quan, I. Rubino, S. H. Lee, B. Koch, H. J. Choi, Universal and reusable virus deactivation system for respiratory protection. Scientific Repports, 7 (1), 39956, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39956
  • Association of Cities and Regions for Sustainable Resource Management; ACR, Municipal Waste Management and COVID-19. 2020. https://www.acrplus.org/en/municipal-waste-management-covid-19. Accessed 30 May 2022.
  • L. Makarichi, W. Jutidamrongphan and K. Techato, The evolution of waste-to-energy incineration: A review. Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews, 91, 812−21, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.088
  • J. Langley, Waste sector receives ‘key worker’ status. 20 March 2020. Letsrecycle.com. https://www.letsrecycle.com/news/waste-sector-receives-key-worker-status/ Accessed 29 july 2022.
  • Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı. Tek kullanımlık maske, eldiven gibi kişisel hijyen malzeme atıklarının yönetiminde Covid-19 tedbirleri. Genelge 2020/12. https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/cygm/icerikler/gng2020-16-cov-d-19-20200408101457.pdf Accessed 30 May.2022.
  • Tıbbi Atıkların Kontrolü Yönetmeliği. Resmi Gazete Sayı: 29959 ve Tarih: 25.01.2017. https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=23273&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5 Accessed 06.Oct.2022.
  • E. Koda and P. Osinski, Bentonite cut-off walls: solution for landfill remedial works. Environmental Geotechnics. 4 (4): 223–232, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1680/jenge.14.00022
  • European Comission, Waste Management in the Context of the Coronavirus Crisis. 14 April 2020. EC, Brussels, Belgium. https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/waste_management_guidance_dg-env.pdf Accessed 30 May 2022
  • L. Kaufman and E. Chasan, Climate adaptation: cities wonder whether recycling counts as essential during the virus. Bloomberg Law, 27 March 2020. https://news.bloomberglaw.com/environment-and-energy/cities-wonder-whether-recycling-is-essential-during-virus Accessed 30 May 2022.
  • A. Almasi, M. Mohammadi, A. Azizi, Z. Berizi, K. Shamsi, A. Shahbazi and S. A. Mosavi, Assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice of the Kermanshahi women towards reducing, recycling and reusing of municipal solid waste. Resources, Conservation Recycling, 141, 329–338, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.10.017
  • C. Nzediegwu and S. X. Chang, Improper solid waste management increases potential for COVID-19 spread in developing countries. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 161,104947. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104947
  • S. Yu and H. Dong, Uncover cost–benefit disparity of municipal solid waste incineration in Chinese provinces. Sustainability. 12 (2), 697, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020697.
  • Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives. Official Journal of the European Union L312/3. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2008/98/oj Accessed 30 May 2022.
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC, Infection Prevention and Control and Preparedness for COVID-19 in Healthcare Settings – third update. 13 May 2020. ECDC, Stockholm, Sweden, Technical Report. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/Infection-prevention-control-for-the-care-of-patients-with-2019-nCoV-healthcare-settings_third-update.pdf Accessed 30.05.2022)
  • Occupational Safety and Health Act; OSHA, Occupational Exposure to COVID-19; Emergency Temporary Standard; Interim Final Rule. 2021. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/federalregister/2021-06-21 , Accessed 29 July 2022
  • Y. Liu, Z. Ning, Y. Chen, M. Guo, Y. Liu, N. K. Gali, L. Sun, Y. Duan, J. Cai, D.Westerdahl, X. Liu, K. Xu, K. Ho, H. Kan, Q. Fu and K. Lan, Aerodynamic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in two Wuhan hospitals. Nature, 582 557–560, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2271-3.
  • E. Çelen, Salgın günlerinde atık yönetimi. 06.06.2020. Escarus Blog, 2020. https://www.escarus.com/salgin-gunlerinde-atik-yonetimi Accessed 30 May 2022.
  • A. N. Bratsev, V. E. Popov, A. F. Rutberg and S. V. Shtengel, A facility for plasma gasification of waste of various types. High Temperature, 44, 823–828, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10740-006-0099-7
  • H. C. Liu, J. X. You, C. Lu and Y. Z. Chen, Evaluating healthcare waste treatment technologies using a hybrid multi-criteria decision making model. Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews, 41, 932−42, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.08.061
  • World Health Oorganization, Overview of technologies for the treatment of infectious and sharp waste from health care facilities. 2019. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241516228 Accessed 29 July 2022.
  • N. Ribeiro, G. C. Soares, V. Santos-Rosales, A. Concheiro, C. Alvarez-Lorenzo, C. A. Garcia-Gonzalez A. L. Oliveira, A new era for sterilization based on supercritical CO2 technology. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 108 (2), 399–428, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.34398.
  • A. Rubabi, M. M. Khan, F. Uddin, Y. A. Bangash and S. A. A. Taqvi, A Study on AI-based Waste Management Strategies for the COVID-19 Pandemic. ChemBioEng Reviews, 9 (2), 212-226, 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/cben.202100044
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Çevre Mühendisliği
Bölüm Çevre Mühendisliği
Yazarlar

Hülya Durmaz Bekmezci 0000-0001-5164-7750

Zehra Şapcı Ayaş 0000-0002-7811-2235

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ocak 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Temmuz 2022
Kabul Tarihi 9 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Durmaz Bekmezci, H., & Şapcı Ayaş, Z. (2023). Küresel COVİD-19 salgın döneminde kentsel katı atık yönetiminde karşılaşılan güçlükler ve öneriler. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(1), 72-81. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1150538
AMA Durmaz Bekmezci H, Şapcı Ayaş Z. Küresel COVİD-19 salgın döneminde kentsel katı atık yönetiminde karşılaşılan güçlükler ve öneriler. NÖHÜ Müh. Bilim. Derg. Ocak 2023;12(1):72-81. doi:10.28948/ngumuh.1150538
Chicago Durmaz Bekmezci, Hülya, ve Zehra Şapcı Ayaş. “Küresel COVİD-19 salgın döneminde Kentsel Katı atık yönetiminde karşılaşılan güçlükler Ve öneriler”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 12, sy. 1 (Ocak 2023): 72-81. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1150538.
EndNote Durmaz Bekmezci H, Şapcı Ayaş Z (01 Ocak 2023) Küresel COVİD-19 salgın döneminde kentsel katı atık yönetiminde karşılaşılan güçlükler ve öneriler. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 12 1 72–81.
IEEE H. Durmaz Bekmezci ve Z. Şapcı Ayaş, “Küresel COVİD-19 salgın döneminde kentsel katı atık yönetiminde karşılaşılan güçlükler ve öneriler”, NÖHÜ Müh. Bilim. Derg., c. 12, sy. 1, ss. 72–81, 2023, doi: 10.28948/ngumuh.1150538.
ISNAD Durmaz Bekmezci, Hülya - Şapcı Ayaş, Zehra. “Küresel COVİD-19 salgın döneminde Kentsel Katı atık yönetiminde karşılaşılan güçlükler Ve öneriler”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 12/1 (Ocak 2023), 72-81. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1150538.
JAMA Durmaz Bekmezci H, Şapcı Ayaş Z. Küresel COVİD-19 salgın döneminde kentsel katı atık yönetiminde karşılaşılan güçlükler ve öneriler. NÖHÜ Müh. Bilim. Derg. 2023;12:72–81.
MLA Durmaz Bekmezci, Hülya ve Zehra Şapcı Ayaş. “Küresel COVİD-19 salgın döneminde Kentsel Katı atık yönetiminde karşılaşılan güçlükler Ve öneriler”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 12, sy. 1, 2023, ss. 72-81, doi:10.28948/ngumuh.1150538.
Vancouver Durmaz Bekmezci H, Şapcı Ayaş Z. Küresel COVİD-19 salgın döneminde kentsel katı atık yönetiminde karşılaşılan güçlükler ve öneriler. NÖHÜ Müh. Bilim. Derg. 2023;12(1):72-81.

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