Tüf katkılı yüksek plastisiteli killerde kıvam limitleri ve şişme potansiyeli ilişkisi

Yasemin Aslan Topçuoğlu; Zülfü Gürocak

doi:10.28948/ngumuh.1251975

Araştırma Makalesi

Tüf katkılı yüksek plastisiteli killerde kıvam limitleri ve şişme potansiyeli ilişkisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 514 - 524, 15.04.2023

Yasemin Aslan Topçuoğlu , Zülfü Gürocak

https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1251975

Öz

Bu çalışmada asidik ve bazik tüf katkısının yüksek plastisiteli kilin kıvam limitleri ile şişme potansiyeline olan etkileri ve bu özellikler arasındaki ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla %5, 10, 15 ve 20 oranlarında asidik tüf ve bazik tüf katkıları içeren örnekler optimum su içeriğinde sıkıştırılarak kür öncesi ve 28 günlük kür sonrasındaki kıvam limitleri, şişme basıncı ve şişme yüzdesi belirlenmiştir. Katkısız kil ve tüf katkılı örneklerde şişme basıncı ve şişme yüzdesi değişimlerinin kıvam limitleriyle olan ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Yapılan deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda artan katkı oranı ve kür etkisiyle hem LL hem de PI değerlerinde azalmalar, PL değerlerinde ise artma ve azalmalar oluşmuştur. Örneklerin şişme basıncı ve şişme yüzdesi değerleri de artan katkı oranı ile azalmıştır. Regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre asidik tüf katkılı örneklerin LL, PL ve PI ile şişme basıncı ve şişme yüzdesi arasında çok kuvvetli-kuvvetli pozitif ilişkilerin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bazik tüf katkılı örnekler de ise LL ve PI ile şişme basıncı ve şişme yüzdesi arasında çok kuvvetli bir pozitif ilişkiler bulunurken, PL ile şişme basıncı ve şişme yüzdesi arasında herhangi bir anlamlı ilişki belirlenememiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tüf, Likit Limit, Plastik limit, Şişme basıncı, Şişme yüzdesi, Regresyon analizi

Destekleyen Kurum

Fırat Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (FÜBAP)

Proje Numarası

MF. 19. 22

Teşekkür

FÜBAP MF.19.22 nolu proje

Kaynakça

P.J. Thomas, Quantifying properties and variability of expansive soils in selected map units. PhD Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1998.
A.E. Dif and W.F. Bluemel, Expansive soils under cyclic drying and wetting. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 14(1), 96-102, 1991.
J.H. Hardcastle, Evaluation and treatment of. expansive volcanic soils. US95, Owyhee County, Idaho. Final Report, 2003.
D. Mohan, G.S. Jain and D. Sharma, Foundation practice in expansive soils in India. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Expansive Soils, Haifa, Israel, 125-132, 1973.
M.E. Popescu, Engineering problems associated with expansive clays from Romania. Engineering Geology, 14(1), 43-53, 1979. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(79)90062-0.
F.H. Chen, Foundation expansive soils. 2nd ed. New York, Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co., 280p., 1988.
J. Locat, M.A. Berube ve M. Choquette, Laboratory ınvestigations on the lime stabilization of sensitive clays: shear strength development. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 27(3), 294-304, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1139/t90-040.
S.C. Chu ve H.S. Kao, Study of engineering properties of a clay modified by fly ash and slag, American Society of Civil Engineers, 36, 89-99, 1993.
F.G. Bell, Lime stabilization of clay minerals and soils. Elsevier Science, 42(4), 223-237, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(96)00028-2.
D.I. Boardman, S. Glendinning ve C.F.D. Rogers, Development of stabilization and solidification in lime-clay mixes. Geotechnique, 51(6), 533-543, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2001.51.6.533.
E. Kalkan, and S. Akbulut, The positive effects of silica fume on the permeability, swelling preure and compreive strength of natural clay liners. Engineering Geology, 73(1/2), 145–156, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.01.001.
H.S. Aksoy, M. Yılmaz ve E.E. Akarsu, Stabilization of a clayey soil with Tunçbilek fly ash. Fırat Üniversitesi, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(3), 88-92, 2008.
O. Cuisinier, J-C. Auriol, T. Le Borgne and D. Deneele, Microstructure and hydraulic conductivity of a compacted lime-treated soil. Engineering Geology, 123(3), 187-193, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.07.010.
K. Harichane, M. Ghrici, S. Kenai and K. Grine, Use of natural pozzolana and lime for stabilization of cohesive soils. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 29(5), 759-769, 2011. DOI 10.1007/s10706-011-9415-z.
K.M.A. Hossain and L. Mol, Some engineering properties of stabilized clayey soils ıncorporating natural pozzolans and ındustrial wastes. Construction and Building Materials, 25(8), 3495-3501, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.03.042.
B. Lin, A.B. Cerato, S.M. Andrew and M.E.E. Madden, Effect of fly ash on the behavior of expansive soils: microscopic analysis. Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, 19(1), 85-94, 2013. https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.19.1.85.
P. Voottipruex and P. Jamsawang, Characteristics of expansive soils improved with cement and fly ash in Northern Thailand. Geomechanics and Engineering, 6(5), 437-453, 2014. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2014.6.5.437.
M.R. Asgari, A.B. Dezfuli ve M. Bayat, Experimental study on stabilization of a low plasticity clayey coil with cement/lime. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 8(3), 1439-1452, 2015. DOI 10.1007/s12517-013-1173-1.
A.R. Goodarzi, S. Goodarzi ve H.R. Akbari, Assessing geo-mechanical and micro-structural performance of modified expansive clayey soil by silica fume as ındustrial waste. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology-Transactions of Civil Engineering, 39, 333-350, 2015.
H. Bahadori, A. Hasheminezhad ve F. Taghizadeh, Experimental study on marl soil stabilization using natural pozzolans. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 31(2), 1-10, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002577.
Y. Aslan Topçuoğlu and Z. Gürocak, Changes in the strength of high-plasticity clays after stabilization: an experimental study, Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering, 2022a.
S.W. Lee and U. Dutto, Improved resilient modulus realized with waste products, grouting. Soil Improvement and Geosynthetics, ASCE Publishing, 1987.
R.C. Joshi, and T.S. Nagaraj, Fly ash utilization for soil stabilization, balkema Rotterdam. Environmental Geotechnics and Problematic Soils and Rocks, 77-93, 1987.
A.M. Al-Swaidani, I. Hammoud ve A. Meziab, Effect of adding natural pozzolana on geotechnical properties of lime-stabilized clayey soil. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 8(5), 714-725, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2016.04.002.
S. Keskin, ve Ö. Çimen, Killi zeminlerin mühendislik özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesinde pomza kullanımının araştırılması, I. Isparta Pomza Sempozyumu, Isparta, Türkiye, 1997.
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A. Cheshomi, A. Eshaghi ve J. Haanpour, Effect of lime and fly ash on swelling percentage and atterberg limits of sulfate-bearing clay. Applied Clay Science, 135, 190-198, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.09.019Get rights and content.
Ö. Çimen ve F.Ş. Coşan, Volkanik tüf ve amorf si̇li̇kanın ki̇li̇n mühendi̇sli̇k özelli̇kleri̇ne etki̇si̇. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 7(3), 459-466, 2019.
T.W. Tao and Y. Lee, Consolidation behaviour of a soft mud treated with small cement content. Engineering Geology, 59, 327-335, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00021-7.
A.K. Mishra, M. Ohtsubo, L.Y. Li and T. Higashi, Influence of the bentonite on the consolidation behaviour of soil-bentonite mixtures. Carbonates and Evaporites, 25(1), 43-49, 2010. DOI 10.1007/s13146-010-0006-5.
D. Wang, N.E. Abriak, R. Zentar and W. Chen, Effect of lime treatment on geotechnical properties of dunkirk sediments in France. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 14(3), 485-503, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2012.755935.
İ. Zorluer and S. Gücek, Şişen killerin mermer tozu katkı maddesiyle stabilizasyonu. International Symposium on Innovations in Civil Engineering and Technology, 2019.
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Consistency limits and swelling potential relationship in tuff added high plasticity clays

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 514 - 524, 15.04.2023

Yasemin Aslan Topçuoğlu , Zülfü Gürocak

https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1251975

Öz

In this study, the effects of acidic and basic tuff additives on the consistency limits and swelling potential of high plasticity clay and the relationship between these properties were investigated. For this purpose, samples containing 5, 10, 15 and 20% acidic tuff and basic tuff additives were compressed at optimum water content, and the consistency limits, swelling pressure and swelling percentage were determined before and after curing for 28 days. The relationship of swelling pressure and swelling percentage changes with consistency limits in pure clay and tuff added samples was investigated. As a result of the experimental studies, decreases in both LL and PI values, and increases and decreases in PI values have occurred with increasing additive ratio and curing effect. Swelling pressure and swelling percentage values of the samples also decreased with increasing additive ratio. According to the results of the regression analysis, it was determined that there were very strong positive relationships between LL, PL and PI of the acidic tuff added samples, with swelling pressure and swelling percentage. In the basic tuff added samples, there was a very strong positive relationship between LL and PI with swelling pressure and swelling percentage, but no significant relationship was found between PL with swelling pressure and swelling percentage.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Liquid limit, Plastic limit, Regression analysis, Swelling pressure, Swelling percentage, Tuff

Proje Numarası

MF. 19. 22

Kaynakça

P.J. Thomas, Quantifying properties and variability of expansive soils in selected map units. PhD Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1998.
A.E. Dif and W.F. Bluemel, Expansive soils under cyclic drying and wetting. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 14(1), 96-102, 1991.
J.H. Hardcastle, Evaluation and treatment of. expansive volcanic soils. US95, Owyhee County, Idaho. Final Report, 2003.
D. Mohan, G.S. Jain and D. Sharma, Foundation practice in expansive soils in India. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Expansive Soils, Haifa, Israel, 125-132, 1973.
M.E. Popescu, Engineering problems associated with expansive clays from Romania. Engineering Geology, 14(1), 43-53, 1979. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(79)90062-0.
F.H. Chen, Foundation expansive soils. 2nd ed. New York, Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co., 280p., 1988.
J. Locat, M.A. Berube ve M. Choquette, Laboratory ınvestigations on the lime stabilization of sensitive clays: shear strength development. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 27(3), 294-304, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1139/t90-040.
S.C. Chu ve H.S. Kao, Study of engineering properties of a clay modified by fly ash and slag, American Society of Civil Engineers, 36, 89-99, 1993.
F.G. Bell, Lime stabilization of clay minerals and soils. Elsevier Science, 42(4), 223-237, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(96)00028-2.
D.I. Boardman, S. Glendinning ve C.F.D. Rogers, Development of stabilization and solidification in lime-clay mixes. Geotechnique, 51(6), 533-543, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2001.51.6.533.
E. Kalkan, and S. Akbulut, The positive effects of silica fume on the permeability, swelling preure and compreive strength of natural clay liners. Engineering Geology, 73(1/2), 145–156, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.01.001.
H.S. Aksoy, M. Yılmaz ve E.E. Akarsu, Stabilization of a clayey soil with Tunçbilek fly ash. Fırat Üniversitesi, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(3), 88-92, 2008.
O. Cuisinier, J-C. Auriol, T. Le Borgne and D. Deneele, Microstructure and hydraulic conductivity of a compacted lime-treated soil. Engineering Geology, 123(3), 187-193, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.07.010.
K. Harichane, M. Ghrici, S. Kenai and K. Grine, Use of natural pozzolana and lime for stabilization of cohesive soils. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 29(5), 759-769, 2011. DOI 10.1007/s10706-011-9415-z.
K.M.A. Hossain and L. Mol, Some engineering properties of stabilized clayey soils ıncorporating natural pozzolans and ındustrial wastes. Construction and Building Materials, 25(8), 3495-3501, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.03.042.
B. Lin, A.B. Cerato, S.M. Andrew and M.E.E. Madden, Effect of fly ash on the behavior of expansive soils: microscopic analysis. Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, 19(1), 85-94, 2013. https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.19.1.85.
P. Voottipruex and P. Jamsawang, Characteristics of expansive soils improved with cement and fly ash in Northern Thailand. Geomechanics and Engineering, 6(5), 437-453, 2014. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2014.6.5.437.
M.R. Asgari, A.B. Dezfuli ve M. Bayat, Experimental study on stabilization of a low plasticity clayey coil with cement/lime. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 8(3), 1439-1452, 2015. DOI 10.1007/s12517-013-1173-1.
A.R. Goodarzi, S. Goodarzi ve H.R. Akbari, Assessing geo-mechanical and micro-structural performance of modified expansive clayey soil by silica fume as ındustrial waste. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology-Transactions of Civil Engineering, 39, 333-350, 2015.
H. Bahadori, A. Hasheminezhad ve F. Taghizadeh, Experimental study on marl soil stabilization using natural pozzolans. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 31(2), 1-10, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002577.
Y. Aslan Topçuoğlu and Z. Gürocak, Changes in the strength of high-plasticity clays after stabilization: an experimental study, Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering, 2022a.
S.W. Lee and U. Dutto, Improved resilient modulus realized with waste products, grouting. Soil Improvement and Geosynthetics, ASCE Publishing, 1987.
R.C. Joshi, and T.S. Nagaraj, Fly ash utilization for soil stabilization, balkema Rotterdam. Environmental Geotechnics and Problematic Soils and Rocks, 77-93, 1987.
A.M. Al-Swaidani, I. Hammoud ve A. Meziab, Effect of adding natural pozzolana on geotechnical properties of lime-stabilized clayey soil. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 8(5), 714-725, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2016.04.002.
S. Keskin, ve Ö. Çimen, Killi zeminlerin mühendislik özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesinde pomza kullanımının araştırılması, I. Isparta Pomza Sempozyumu, Isparta, Türkiye, 1997.
Ö. Çimen, B. Dereli, F. Yıldırım, Ö.F. Şevkatlioğlu ve A. Eralp, Manisa kula yöresi volkanik tüfünün yüksek plastisiteli kilin mühendislik özelliklerine etkisi. 5. Geoteknik Sempozyumu, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, Türkiye, 2013.
R. Kılıç, Ö. Küçükali ve K. Ulamış, Stabilization of high plasticity clay with lime and gypsum (Ankara, Turkey). Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 75(2), 35-744, 2015. DOI:10.1007/s10064-015-0757-2.
A. Cheshomi, A. Eshaghi ve J. Haanpour, Effect of lime and fly ash on swelling percentage and atterberg limits of sulfate-bearing clay. Applied Clay Science, 135, 190-198, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.09.019Get rights and content.
Ö. Çimen ve F.Ş. Coşan, Volkanik tüf ve amorf si̇li̇kanın ki̇li̇n mühendi̇sli̇k özelli̇kleri̇ne etki̇si̇. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 7(3), 459-466, 2019.
T.W. Tao and Y. Lee, Consolidation behaviour of a soft mud treated with small cement content. Engineering Geology, 59, 327-335, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00021-7.
A.K. Mishra, M. Ohtsubo, L.Y. Li and T. Higashi, Influence of the bentonite on the consolidation behaviour of soil-bentonite mixtures. Carbonates and Evaporites, 25(1), 43-49, 2010. DOI 10.1007/s13146-010-0006-5.
D. Wang, N.E. Abriak, R. Zentar and W. Chen, Effect of lime treatment on geotechnical properties of dunkirk sediments in France. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 14(3), 485-503, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2012.755935.
İ. Zorluer and S. Gücek, Şişen killerin mermer tozu katkı maddesiyle stabilizasyonu. International Symposium on Innovations in Civil Engineering and Technology, 2019.
Ö. Çimen, B. Dereli ve E. Keleş. Üç farklı bölgeye ait pomzanın yüksek plastisiteli kile etkisinin karşılaştırılması. BEÜ Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 9 (1), 427-433, 2020.
B.S. Avcı, Soda ve MgO ile aktiflendirilmiş ara tip bentonitlerin sondaj ve döküm bentoniti karakteristiklerinin incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Türkiye, 2009.
A. Akbulut, Bentonit. MTA Eğitim Serisi-32, Ankara, 1996.
Y. Aslan Topçuoğlu, Farklı katkı maddelerinin zeminlerin mühendislik özellikleri üzerindeki etkisi. Doktora Tezi, Fırat Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Türkiye, 2020.
İ.H. Güven, Doğu pontidler’in jeolojisi ve 1/250 000 ölçekli kompliasyonu. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 1993.
G. Gülibrahimoğlu, Trabzon Maçka güneyi maden jeolojisi raporu no: 1850. MTA Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 1985.
B. Yalçınalp, Güzelyayla (Maçka-Trabzon) porfiri Cu-Mo cevherleşmesinin jeolojik yerleşimi ve jeokimyası. Doktora Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Türkiye, 1992.
A. Korkmaz, Tonya-Düzköy (GB Trabzon) yöresinin stratigrafisi. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bülteni, 36, 151-158, 1993.
S. Kürüm ve Ö. Tanyıldızı, Geochemical and sr-nd ısotopic characteristics of upper cretaceous (calc-alkaline) and miocene (alkaline) volcanic rocks: Elazığ, Eastern Taurides, Turkey. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 134, 332-344, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.06.020.
Y. Aslan Topçuoğlu ve Z. Gürocak, Asidik ve bazik karakterli tüflerin puzolanik özelliklerinin araştırılması: Elazığ ve Gümüşhane yörelerinden örnek bir çalışma, 12(4), 1024-1035, 2022b.
TS 25, Doğal puzolan (tras)-çimento ve betonda kullanılan tarifler, gerekler ve uygunluk kriterleri. Türk Standardları Enstitüsü, Ankara, 2008.
TS EN 450-1, Uçucu kül-betonda kullanılan-bölüm 1:tarif, özellikler ve uygunluk kriterleri. Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara, 2013.
ASTM C-618, Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012.
ASTM D 698, Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012.
ASTM D 4318-17e1, Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017.
A. Sridharan, A.S. Rao and P.V. Sivapullaiah, Swelling pressure of clays. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 9(1), 24-33, 1986. DOI: 10.1520/GTJ10608J.
F, Shuai, Simulation of swelling preure measurements on expansive soils. Doctoral Thesis, University of Saskatchewan, 1996.
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E.L. Matyas, Some properties of two expansive clays from western Canada. 2nd International Conference on Expansive Clay Soils, Texas A&M University, College Station, 263-278, 1969.
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ASTM D 4546, Standard test methods for one-dimensional swell or collapse of cohesive soils. Annual book of ASTM standards, West Conshohocken, PA, 2008.
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Toplam 66 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Bölüm	Jeoloji Mühendisliği
Yazarlar	Yasemin Aslan Topçuoğlu 0000-0002-3135-5926 Zülfü Gürocak 0000-0002-1049-8346
Proje Numarası	MF. 19. 22
Yayımlanma Tarihi	15 Nisan 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi	16 Şubat 2023
Kabul Tarihi	24 Mart 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2023 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA	Aslan Topçuoğlu, Y., & Gürocak, Z. (2023). Tüf katkılı yüksek plastisiteli killerde kıvam limitleri ve şişme potansiyeli ilişkisi. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(2), 514-524. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1251975
AMA	Aslan Topçuoğlu Y, Gürocak Z. Tüf katkılı yüksek plastisiteli killerde kıvam limitleri ve şişme potansiyeli ilişkisi. NÖHÜ Müh. Bilim. Derg. Nisan 2023;12(2):514-524. doi:10.28948/ngumuh.1251975
Chicago	Aslan Topçuoğlu, Yasemin, ve Zülfü Gürocak. “Tüf katkılı yüksek Plastisiteli Killerde kıvam Limitleri Ve şişme Potansiyeli ilişkisi”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 12, sy. 2 (Nisan 2023): 514-24. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1251975.
EndNote	Aslan Topçuoğlu Y, Gürocak Z (01 Nisan 2023) Tüf katkılı yüksek plastisiteli killerde kıvam limitleri ve şişme potansiyeli ilişkisi. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 12 2 514–524.
IEEE	Y. Aslan Topçuoğlu ve Z. Gürocak, “Tüf katkılı yüksek plastisiteli killerde kıvam limitleri ve şişme potansiyeli ilişkisi”, NÖHÜ Müh. Bilim. Derg., c. 12, sy. 2, ss. 514–524, 2023, doi: 10.28948/ngumuh.1251975.
ISNAD	Aslan Topçuoğlu, Yasemin - Gürocak, Zülfü. “Tüf katkılı yüksek Plastisiteli Killerde kıvam Limitleri Ve şişme Potansiyeli ilişkisi”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 12/2 (Nisan 2023), 514-524. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1251975.
JAMA	Aslan Topçuoğlu Y, Gürocak Z. Tüf katkılı yüksek plastisiteli killerde kıvam limitleri ve şişme potansiyeli ilişkisi. NÖHÜ Müh. Bilim. Derg. 2023;12:514–524.
MLA	Aslan Topçuoğlu, Yasemin ve Zülfü Gürocak. “Tüf katkılı yüksek Plastisiteli Killerde kıvam Limitleri Ve şişme Potansiyeli ilişkisi”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 12, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 514-2, doi:10.28948/ngumuh.1251975.
Vancouver	Aslan Topçuoğlu Y, Gürocak Z. Tüf katkılı yüksek plastisiteli killerde kıvam limitleri ve şişme potansiyeli ilişkisi. NÖHÜ Müh. Bilim. Derg. 2023;12(2):514-2.

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