FİNANSAL KALKINMA, FİNANSAL KAPSAYICILIK VE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİNİN SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KALKINMA ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI: TÜRKİYE'DE FINTEK'İN ÖNCÜ ROLÜ

Öz

Çevresel ve sosyal etkileri göz önünde bulunduran yatırımların teşvik edilmesi, yeşil finansmanın geliştirilmesi ve finansal kapsayıcılığın sağlanması gibi alanlar yoluyla finansal sistemlerin sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerini desteklemesi sağlanabilmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra finansal teknolojinin finansal hizmetlere entegrasyonu, sürdürülebilir yatırımların ve finansal kapsayıcılığın artırılmasına yardımcı olabilir. Bu kapsamda mevcut çalışma 2005-2023 döneminde Türkiye için finansal gelişme ve finansal katılım, Fintek, yenilenebilir enerji ve ekonomik büyümenin ekolojik ayak izi üzerindeki etkilerini ARDL yöntemi ile araştırmayı hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca çalışma finansal gelişmenin ekolojik ayak izi üzerindeki doğrusal olmayan etkisine ve finansal gelişme ile ekolojik ayak izi ilişkisinde Fintek’in moderatör rolüne odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre uzun dönemde finansal gelişme ile ekolojik ayak izi arasında ters U şeklinde ilişki olduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Ayrıca uzun dönemde FinTech ve ekonomik büyümenin çevresel bozulmayı artırdığı, finansal katılım ve yenilenebilir enerjinin çevresel bozulmayı azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Kısa dönem de ise finansal gelişme ve yenilenebilir enerji ile çevresel bozulma arasında anlamlı ilişki tespit edilememiştir. Buna karşın Fintek ve finansal katılımın çevresel bozulmayı azalttığı, ekonomik büyümenin ise çevresel bozulmayı artırdığı ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular Türkiye’de SKH13 hedeflerine ulaşmada SKH7, SKH8 ve SKH17 hedeflerini dikkate alınması ve etkileşimli politikalara ihtiyaç duyulduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Finansal Gelişme
• Finansal Katılım
• Fintek
• Yenilenebilir Enerji
• Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma

EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT, FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND RENEWABLE ENERGY ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: THE LEADING ROLE OF FINTECH IN TURKIYE

Öz

Financial systems can support sustainable development by promoting investments considering environmental and social impacts, developing green finance, and ensuring financial inclusion. Incorporating financial technology into financial services can also help increase sustainable investment and financial inclusion. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate the effect of financial development and financial inclusion, FinTech, renewable energy, and economic growth on the ecological footprint of Turkiye from 2005 to 2023 using the ARDL method. The study also focused on the non-linear effect of financial development on ecological footprint and the moderating role of FinTech in the relationship between financial development and ecological footprint. The study revealed an inverted U-shaped relationship between financial development and ecological footprint in the long run. Additionally, in the long run, FinTech and economic growth increase environmental degradation, while financial inclusion and renewable energy decrease environmental degradation. In the short run, no significant relationship was found between financial development, renewable energy, and environmental degradation. On the other hand, FinTech and financial inclusion are found to decrease environmental degradation, while economic growth is found to increase environmental degradation. The results suggest that Turkiye needs to consider the targets of SDG7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and SDG17 (Partnerships for the Goals), as well as interactive policies, to achieve the targets of SDG13 (Climate Action).

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Financial Development
• Financial Inclusion
• FinTech
• Renewable Energy
• Sustainable Development.

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