TÜRKİYE’DE TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET EŞİTSİZLİĞİNİN FİNANSAL BOYUTUNUN KÜRESEL FINDEX ARAŞTIRMASI GÖSTERGELERİ ÜZERİNDEN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 144 - 165, 03.07.2024

Esin Kılıç

https://doi.org/10.52122/nisantasisbd.1451784

Öz

Sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın önündeki engellerden biri ve çok boyutlu bir sorun olan toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin finansal boyutu, ayrımcı sosyal normların yanı sıra sosyoekonomik toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Diğer taraftan, kadınların finansal kapsanma ve finansal okuryazarlık düzeyindeki artış ile güçlenmesinin yalnızca finansal olarak değil, diğer sosyoekonomik alanlarda da toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliklerini azaltabilme potansiyeline sahip olduğu göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, toplumsal cinsiyet eşit(siz)liğinin finansal ve sosyoekonomik boyutunun karşılıklı bir etkileşim içinde olduğu söylenebilir. Bu açıdan ülkelerdeki cinsiyete göre finansal kapsanma düzeyinin incelenmesine yönelik araştırmaların ve eşitsizlikleri azaltmaya yönelik politikaların önemi de artmaktadır. Bu çalışma, yirmi dört Küresel Findex Araştırması göstergesi üzerinden, Türkiye’deki kadınların finansal kapsanma/dışlanma ve finansal dijitalleşme düzeyleri ile COVID-19 dönemindeki finansal kırılganlıklarını Türkiye’deki erkekler ve çeşitli ülke gruplarında yaşayan kadınlarla karşılaştırarak değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca her bir gösterge için hesaplanan eşit(siz)lik endeksi ile Türkiye’deki toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin finansal boyutu ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, Türkiye'de yaşayan kadınların hem Türkiye’deki erkeklere hem de karşılaştırma yapılan ülke gruplarındaki kadınlara göre finansal olarak kapsanma ve finansal dijitalleşme düzeyi düşük, finansal kırılganlığı ise daha yüksektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşit(siz)liği, Finansal Kapsanma/Dışlanma, Finansal Kırılganlık, Finansal Dijitalleşme, Türkiye

Etik Beyan

Makalemizde etik kurul gerektiren bir araştırma yapılmamıştır.

EVALUATION OF THE FINANCIAL DIMENSION OF GENDER INEQUALITY IN TÜRKİYE BASED ON GLOBAL FINDEX SURVEY INDICATORS

Öz

The financial dimension of gender inequality, which is one of the obstacles to sustainable development and a multidimensional problem, emerges as a result of discriminatory social norms as well as socioeconomic gender inequality. On the other hand, considering that the empowerment of women through financial inclusion and an increase in the level of financial literacy has the potential to reduce gender inequalities not only financially but also in other socioeconomic areas, it can be said that the financial and socioeconomic dimensions of gender (in)equality are in a two-way interaction. In this respect, the importance of research on examining the level of financial inclusion by gender in countries and policies to reduce inequalities is also increasing. This study aims to evaluate the financial inclusion/exclusion and financial digitalization levels of women in Türkiye and their financial vulnerability during the COVID-19 period, by comparing them with men in Türkiye and women living in various country groups, through twenty-four Global Findex Survey indicators. In addition, the financial dimension of gender inequality in Türkiye has been tried to be revealed with the (in)equality index calculated for each indicator. According to the findings, women living in Türkiye have lower levels of financial inclusion and financial digitalization and higher financial vulnerability than both men in Türkiye and women in the comparison country groups.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gender (in)equality, financial inclusion, financial vulnerability, financial digitalization, Türkiye

Kaynakça

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