BETWEEN VALUES AND INTERESTS: REVISITING U.S. ENGAGEMENT WITH COLD WAR COUPS IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 195 - 212, 03.07.2024

Özge Yavuz Mehmet Akif Okur

https://doi.org/10.52122/nisantasisbd.1480352

Öz

It is known that the U.S. undertook the advocacy of democratic values during the Cold War. However, when it came to the Middle East, it is observed that it frequently fell into a dilemma between its values and its interests, and in these cases it preferred its interests to its values. In this study, the value-interest dilemma experienced by the U.S. in its policy towards the Middle East during the Cold War is discussed through its attitude towards the coups against the democratic regimes in the region (1953 Iranian Coup and 1980 Turkish Coup). Declassified American documents constitute the main sources used in the study. In the light of these documents, it is understood that the U.S. was pleased with the 1980 coup in Turkey, and orchestrated the Iranian coup itself. The study concludes that the U.S. considered the prevention of Soviet influence as its primary goal in terms of its national interests and was not concerned with whether the governments that would establish the balance of power in the region in its favor reflect the will of their own people. The study also shows that it used new discourses in line with its interests in order to alleviate the pressure it experienced over its democratic values.

Anahtar Kelimeler

1953 Iranian Coup, 1980 Turkish Coup, U.S. Foreign Policy, Cold War

DEĞERLER VE ÇIKARLAR ARASINDA: ABD’NİN ORTADOĞU’DAKİ SOĞUK SAVAŞ DÖNEMİ DARBELERİYLE İLİŞKİSİNE FARKLI BİR BAKIŞ

Öz

ABD’nin Soğuk Savaş döneminde demokratik değerlerin savunuculuğunu üstlendiği bilinmektedir. Fakat Ortadoğu söz konusu olduğunda, savunduğu değerler ile çıkarları arasında sıklıkla ikileme düştüğü ve bu durumlarda tercihlerini çıkarlarından yana kullandığı gözlemlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, ABD’nin Soğuk Savaş dönemi Ortadoğu politikasında yaşadığı değer-çıkar ikilemi, bölgedeki demokratik rejimlere düzenlenen darbeler (1953 İran Darbesi ve 1980 Türkiye Darbesi) karşısındaki tutumu üzerinden masaya yatırılmaktadır. Tasnif dışı bırakılmış Amerikan belgeleri çalışmada başvurulan temel kaynakları teşkil etmektedir. Bu belgeler ışığında, ABD’nin Türkiye darbesinden memnuniyet duyduğu, İran darbesini ise bizzat düzenlediği anlaşılmaktadır. Çalışmada ABD’nin Sovyet nüfuzunun engellenmesini ulusal çıkarları açısından birincil amacı olarak değerlendirdiği ve bölgedeki güç dengesini kendi lehine tesis edecek yönetimlerin halk iradesini yansıtıp yansıtmamalarıyla ilgilenmediği sonucuna varılmaktadır. Ayrıca demokratik değerleri üzerinden yaşadığı baskıyı hafifletmek amacıyla çıkarlarına uygun yeni söylemler kullandığı da gösterilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

1953 İran Darbesi, 1980 Türkiye Darbesi, ABD Dış Politikası, Soğuk Savaş

Kaynakça

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