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LEGAL PLURALISM IN GREECE: BETWEEN MINORITY RIGHTS AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS

Yıl 2021, , 1 - 14, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.51562/nkuhukuk.2021211

Öz

The issue of legal pluralism has been analyzed and discussed in legal, political and sociological literature over time. Different models of legal pluralism that are both of supportive and oppositional arguments are asserted in literature. The main goal of this study is to analyze the legal pluralist model of Greece that is based on the Lausanne Treaty and the discussions on it. It is seen that Greece has recognized some parts of Islamic law for Thracian Muslim minority. However, this system is quite debatable in the context of women’s rights, status of religious authonomy, minority rights, individual rights, essentialism, multiculturalism and assimilation anxiety. Moreover, legal pluralist model in Greece has been the subject matter of Molla Sali v. Greece case that was decided by the ECHR. For this reason, Greece has undergone a reform regarding its model for Thracian Muslim minority. The article demonstrates the historical background and current debates about legal pluralist model of Greece regarding Thracian Muslim minority.

Kaynakça

  • Avrupa Batı Trakya Türk Federasyonu, ‘Another blow on religious autonomy of the Turkish community in Western Thrace!’, (12 January 2018). <https://www.abttf.org/html/index.php?link=detay&id=5736&grup=4&l=en&arsiv= 0>
  • Anagnostou D and Triandafyllidou A, ‘Regions, minorities and European integration: A case study on Muslims in Western Thrace’ (2006) <http://www.eliamep.gr/wp-content/uploads/en/2006/05/Case_study_report_Thrace.pdf>
  • Ataöv T, The Ethnic Turkish Minority in Western Thrace, Greece. The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations Volume 22. (Ankara University Press, 1992)
  • Berkes L, The Development and Meaning of the Concept of Multiculturalism. International Relations Quarterly,(2010) 1(4), 1-6 <http://www.southeast-europe.org/pdf/04/DKE_04_A_E_Berkes-Lilla_Kantor-Judit.pdf>
  • Berman P S , Global Legal Pluralism: A Jurisprudence of Law Beyond Borders. (1st edn, Cambridge University Press, 2012).
  • Boussiakou I, ‘Religious Freedom and Minority Rights in Greece: the case of the Muslim minority in western Thrace’. GreeSE Paper No 21, Hellenic Observatory Papers on Greece and Southeast Europe (December 2008), 1-52
  • Council of Europe, ‘European Convention on Human Rights’. <https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_ENG.pdf>
  • Evergeti V and Hatziprokopiou P, ‘Islam in Greece: Religious identity and practice among indigenous Muslims and Muslim immigrants’. (CRONEM 6th Annual Conference “Living Together Civic, Political and Cultural Engagement Among Migrants, Minorities and National Populations: Multidisciplinary Perspectives”,Guildford, 29-30 June 2010)
  • Hooker M B, Legal Pluralism: Introduction to Colonial and Neo-colonial Laws (1st edn, Oxford University Press, 1976)
  • Jumpa A P, ‘The Limits of International Human Rights and Refugee Law:An Analysisof the Case of the Aymara from the Perspective of Legal Pluralism’ in Kuppe, R and Potz, R (eds). Law and Anthropology: International Yearbook for Legal Anthropology Volume 11 (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2001)
  • Kofinis S, ‘The Status of Muslim Minority Women in Greece: Second Class European Citizens?’ in Schiek, D and Lawson, A, European Union Non-Discrimination Law and Intersectionality: Investigating the Triangle of Racial, Gender and Disability Discrimination (1st edn, Routledge Press, 2011) 125-140
  • Koliopoulos J S and Veremis T M, Modern Greece: A History since 1821. (1st edn, Wiley-Blackwell Publication, 2010).
  • Nielsen M E J, ‘Multiculturalism and Legal Autonomy for Cultural Minorities’ (2013) 7(2). Etikk i Praksis Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics, 67-84
  • Sezgin Y, ‘Reforming Muslim Family Laws’ in Cesari, J and Casanova, J (eds). Islam, Gender, and Democracy in Comparative Perspective (1st edn, Oxford University Press, 2017).
  • Papademetriou T, Greece: Status of Minorities. (The Law Library of Congress, Penny Hill Press, 2016)
  • Tsitselikis K, ‘Muslims in Greece’ in Potz, R and Wieshaider, W. Islam and the European Union. (1st edn, Peeters Publishers, 2004)
  • Tsitselikis K, ‘Applying Shari’a in Europe: Greece as an Ambivalent Legal Paradigm’ in Nielsen, J S, Akgönül S, Alibašić A, Maréchal B and Moe C. Yearbook of Muslims of Europe Volume 2 (1st edn, Brill Publishers, 2010)
  • Tsitselikis K, Old and New Islam in Greece: From Historical Minorities to Immigrant Newcomers. (1st edn, Brill Publishers, 2012)
  • Tsitselikis K, (2012b). ‘Aspects of Legal Communitarianism in Greece: Between Millet and Citizenship’ (2012) 2(7). Oñati Socio-Legal Series [online], 106-118. <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2050345>
  • Tsavousoglou İ, (2015). ‘The Legal Treatment of Muslim Minority Women under the Rule of Islamic Law in Greek Thrace’ (2015) 2(3). Oslo Law Review (Special Issue: Legal Pluarlism), 241-262
  • Yaylali M, ‘Beyond the Law of the Nation-State: An Inquiry into the Theory of Legal Pluralism and Societal Law’. (PhD Thesis. LUISS Guido Carli, 2011)
  • Waldron J, ‘No Barking: Legal Pluralism and The Contrast Between Hart’s Jurisprudence and Fuller’s’ (Colloquium: The Hart-Fuller Debate 50 Years On. Paper for ANU Colloquium “The Hart-Fuller Debate Fifty Years On”, New York, 17-19 December 2008)
  • Zengin Arslan B and Turner B S, ‘Shari’a and Legal Pluralism in the West’. European Journal of Social Theory (2011) 14(2), 139–159.
  • Zengin Arslan B and Turner B S, (2015). ‘Legal Pluralism and the Shari’a: A Comparison of Greece and Turkey’ in P Adam, J T Richardson and B S Turner (eds). The Sociology of Shari’a: Case Studies from around the World (Springer Publishing, 2015) 219-235
  • Zürcher E J, Modernleşen Türkiye’nin Tarihi. (30th edn, İletişim Publishing, 2015).
  • Ekathimerini, “Election of muftis in northern Greece appears on gov't agenda”, 11 June 2018 <http://www.ekathimerini.com/224189/article/ekathimerini/news/election-of-muftis-in-northern-greece-appears-on-govt-agenda> Accessed 10 June 2020
  • Euractiv, “Greece limits power of sharia law for its Muslim minority”, 10 January 2018. <https://www.euractiv.com/section/languages-culture/news/greece-limits-power-of-sharia-law-for-its-muslim-minority/> Accessed 11 June 2020
  • Greek Reporter, “Sharia Law Becomes Optional for Greece’s Muslim Minority”, 11 June 2018 <https://greece.greekreporter.com/2018/01/10/sharia-law-becomes-optional-for-greeces-muslim-minority/> Accessed 11 June 2020
  • Protothema, “ECHR condemns Greece over mandatory Sharia Law in Thrace”, 19 December 2018. <http://en.protothema.gr/echr-condemns-greece-over-mandatory-sharia-law-in-thrace/> Accessed 12 June 2020
  • Pulse Nigeria, “Country to confront controversy over historic sharia law”, 11 June 2018. <http://www.pulse.ng/news/world/in-greece-country-to-confront-controversy-over-historic-sharia-law-id7630017.html> Accessed 11 June 2020
  • The Guardian, “Greece's Muslim minority hails change to limit power of sharia law”, 11 January 2018. <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/10/historic-step-greek-pm-hails-change-to-limit-power-of-sharia-law> Accessed 12 June 2020

YUNANİSTAN’DA HUKUKİ ÇOĞULCULUK: AZINLIK HAKLARI VE BİREYSEL HAKLAR ARASINDA

Yıl 2021, , 1 - 14, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.51562/nkuhukuk.2021211

Öz

Hukuki çoğulculuk konusu; hukuk, siyaset bilimi ve sosyoloji literatüründe süreç içerisinde analiz edilmiş ve tartışılmıştır. Literatürde hukuki çoğulculuğun farklı modellerine dair destekleyici ve muhalif argümanlar ileri sürülmüştür. Bu çalışmada temel amaç, Yunanistan’ın Lozan Antlaşması’na dayanan hukuki çoğulculuk modelini ve konuyla ilgili tartışmaları incelemektir. Yunanistan’ın Trakyalı Müslüman azınlık için İslam hukukunun bazı unsurlarını tanıdığı görülmektedir. Ancak bu sistem; kadın hakları, dinsel otonominin durumu, azınlık hakları, bireysel haklar, özcülük, çok kültürlülük ve asimilasyon endişesi konuları bağlamında oldukça tartışmalıdır. Ayrıca Yunanistan’ın hukuki çoğulculuk modeli, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi tarafından karara bağlanan Molla Sali / Yunanistan davasının da konusunu oluşturmuştur. Bu sebepten dolayı Yunanistan, Trakyalı Müslüman azınlığa ilişkin modelle ilgili bir reform gerçekleştirmiştir. Bu makale, Yunanistan’ın hukuki çoğulculuk modelinin tarihsel geçmişini ve hukuki çoğulculuğa ilişkin güncel tartışmaları açıklamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Avrupa Batı Trakya Türk Federasyonu, ‘Another blow on religious autonomy of the Turkish community in Western Thrace!’, (12 January 2018). <https://www.abttf.org/html/index.php?link=detay&id=5736&grup=4&l=en&arsiv= 0>
  • Anagnostou D and Triandafyllidou A, ‘Regions, minorities and European integration: A case study on Muslims in Western Thrace’ (2006) <http://www.eliamep.gr/wp-content/uploads/en/2006/05/Case_study_report_Thrace.pdf>
  • Ataöv T, The Ethnic Turkish Minority in Western Thrace, Greece. The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations Volume 22. (Ankara University Press, 1992)
  • Berkes L, The Development and Meaning of the Concept of Multiculturalism. International Relations Quarterly,(2010) 1(4), 1-6 <http://www.southeast-europe.org/pdf/04/DKE_04_A_E_Berkes-Lilla_Kantor-Judit.pdf>
  • Berman P S , Global Legal Pluralism: A Jurisprudence of Law Beyond Borders. (1st edn, Cambridge University Press, 2012).
  • Boussiakou I, ‘Religious Freedom and Minority Rights in Greece: the case of the Muslim minority in western Thrace’. GreeSE Paper No 21, Hellenic Observatory Papers on Greece and Southeast Europe (December 2008), 1-52
  • Council of Europe, ‘European Convention on Human Rights’. <https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_ENG.pdf>
  • Evergeti V and Hatziprokopiou P, ‘Islam in Greece: Religious identity and practice among indigenous Muslims and Muslim immigrants’. (CRONEM 6th Annual Conference “Living Together Civic, Political and Cultural Engagement Among Migrants, Minorities and National Populations: Multidisciplinary Perspectives”,Guildford, 29-30 June 2010)
  • Hooker M B, Legal Pluralism: Introduction to Colonial and Neo-colonial Laws (1st edn, Oxford University Press, 1976)
  • Jumpa A P, ‘The Limits of International Human Rights and Refugee Law:An Analysisof the Case of the Aymara from the Perspective of Legal Pluralism’ in Kuppe, R and Potz, R (eds). Law and Anthropology: International Yearbook for Legal Anthropology Volume 11 (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2001)
  • Kofinis S, ‘The Status of Muslim Minority Women in Greece: Second Class European Citizens?’ in Schiek, D and Lawson, A, European Union Non-Discrimination Law and Intersectionality: Investigating the Triangle of Racial, Gender and Disability Discrimination (1st edn, Routledge Press, 2011) 125-140
  • Koliopoulos J S and Veremis T M, Modern Greece: A History since 1821. (1st edn, Wiley-Blackwell Publication, 2010).
  • Nielsen M E J, ‘Multiculturalism and Legal Autonomy for Cultural Minorities’ (2013) 7(2). Etikk i Praksis Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics, 67-84
  • Sezgin Y, ‘Reforming Muslim Family Laws’ in Cesari, J and Casanova, J (eds). Islam, Gender, and Democracy in Comparative Perspective (1st edn, Oxford University Press, 2017).
  • Papademetriou T, Greece: Status of Minorities. (The Law Library of Congress, Penny Hill Press, 2016)
  • Tsitselikis K, ‘Muslims in Greece’ in Potz, R and Wieshaider, W. Islam and the European Union. (1st edn, Peeters Publishers, 2004)
  • Tsitselikis K, ‘Applying Shari’a in Europe: Greece as an Ambivalent Legal Paradigm’ in Nielsen, J S, Akgönül S, Alibašić A, Maréchal B and Moe C. Yearbook of Muslims of Europe Volume 2 (1st edn, Brill Publishers, 2010)
  • Tsitselikis K, Old and New Islam in Greece: From Historical Minorities to Immigrant Newcomers. (1st edn, Brill Publishers, 2012)
  • Tsitselikis K, (2012b). ‘Aspects of Legal Communitarianism in Greece: Between Millet and Citizenship’ (2012) 2(7). Oñati Socio-Legal Series [online], 106-118. <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2050345>
  • Tsavousoglou İ, (2015). ‘The Legal Treatment of Muslim Minority Women under the Rule of Islamic Law in Greek Thrace’ (2015) 2(3). Oslo Law Review (Special Issue: Legal Pluarlism), 241-262
  • Yaylali M, ‘Beyond the Law of the Nation-State: An Inquiry into the Theory of Legal Pluralism and Societal Law’. (PhD Thesis. LUISS Guido Carli, 2011)
  • Waldron J, ‘No Barking: Legal Pluralism and The Contrast Between Hart’s Jurisprudence and Fuller’s’ (Colloquium: The Hart-Fuller Debate 50 Years On. Paper for ANU Colloquium “The Hart-Fuller Debate Fifty Years On”, New York, 17-19 December 2008)
  • Zengin Arslan B and Turner B S, ‘Shari’a and Legal Pluralism in the West’. European Journal of Social Theory (2011) 14(2), 139–159.
  • Zengin Arslan B and Turner B S, (2015). ‘Legal Pluralism and the Shari’a: A Comparison of Greece and Turkey’ in P Adam, J T Richardson and B S Turner (eds). The Sociology of Shari’a: Case Studies from around the World (Springer Publishing, 2015) 219-235
  • Zürcher E J, Modernleşen Türkiye’nin Tarihi. (30th edn, İletişim Publishing, 2015).
  • Ekathimerini, “Election of muftis in northern Greece appears on gov't agenda”, 11 June 2018 <http://www.ekathimerini.com/224189/article/ekathimerini/news/election-of-muftis-in-northern-greece-appears-on-govt-agenda> Accessed 10 June 2020
  • Euractiv, “Greece limits power of sharia law for its Muslim minority”, 10 January 2018. <https://www.euractiv.com/section/languages-culture/news/greece-limits-power-of-sharia-law-for-its-muslim-minority/> Accessed 11 June 2020
  • Greek Reporter, “Sharia Law Becomes Optional for Greece’s Muslim Minority”, 11 June 2018 <https://greece.greekreporter.com/2018/01/10/sharia-law-becomes-optional-for-greeces-muslim-minority/> Accessed 11 June 2020
  • Protothema, “ECHR condemns Greece over mandatory Sharia Law in Thrace”, 19 December 2018. <http://en.protothema.gr/echr-condemns-greece-over-mandatory-sharia-law-in-thrace/> Accessed 12 June 2020
  • Pulse Nigeria, “Country to confront controversy over historic sharia law”, 11 June 2018. <http://www.pulse.ng/news/world/in-greece-country-to-confront-controversy-over-historic-sharia-law-id7630017.html> Accessed 11 June 2020
  • The Guardian, “Greece's Muslim minority hails change to limit power of sharia law”, 11 January 2018. <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/10/historic-step-greek-pm-hails-change-to-limit-power-of-sharia-law> Accessed 12 June 2020
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hukuk
Bölüm Milletlerarası Hukuk
Yazarlar

Burak Saygılı 0000-0002-0083-5273

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

APA Saygılı, B. (2021). LEGAL PLURALISM IN GREECE: BETWEEN MINORITY RIGHTS AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS. Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.51562/nkuhukuk.2021211
AMA Saygılı B. LEGAL PLURALISM IN GREECE: BETWEEN MINORITY RIGHTS AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS. NKU Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi. Haziran 2021;2(1):1-14. doi:10.51562/nkuhukuk.2021211
Chicago Saygılı, Burak. “LEGAL PLURALISM IN GREECE: BETWEEN MINORITY RIGHTS AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS”. Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 2, sy. 1 (Haziran 2021): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.51562/nkuhukuk.2021211.
EndNote Saygılı B (01 Haziran 2021) LEGAL PLURALISM IN GREECE: BETWEEN MINORITY RIGHTS AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS. Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 2 1 1–14.
IEEE B. Saygılı, “LEGAL PLURALISM IN GREECE: BETWEEN MINORITY RIGHTS AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS”, NKU Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 2, sy. 1, ss. 1–14, 2021, doi: 10.51562/nkuhukuk.2021211.
ISNAD Saygılı, Burak. “LEGAL PLURALISM IN GREECE: BETWEEN MINORITY RIGHTS AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS”. Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 2/1 (Haziran 2021), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.51562/nkuhukuk.2021211.
JAMA Saygılı B. LEGAL PLURALISM IN GREECE: BETWEEN MINORITY RIGHTS AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS. NKU Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021;2:1–14.
MLA Saygılı, Burak. “LEGAL PLURALISM IN GREECE: BETWEEN MINORITY RIGHTS AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS”. Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 2, sy. 1, 2021, ss. 1-14, doi:10.51562/nkuhukuk.2021211.
Vancouver Saygılı B. LEGAL PLURALISM IN GREECE: BETWEEN MINORITY RIGHTS AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS. NKU Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021;2(1):1-14.

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